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Schuler SMM, Jürjens G, Marker A, Hemmann U, Rey A, Yvon S, Lagrevol M, Hamiti M, Nguyen F, Hirsch R, Pöverlein C, Vilcinskas A, Hammann P, Wilson DN, Mourez M, Coyne S, Bauer A. Full Profiling of GE81112A, an Underexplored Tetrapeptide Antibiotic with Activity against Gram-Negative Pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0224722. [PMID: 37140391 PMCID: PMC10269895 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02247-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
After the first total synthesis combined with structure revision, we performed thorough in vitro and in vivo profiling of the underexplored tetrapeptide GE81112A. From the determination of the biological activity spectrum and physicochemical and early absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion-toxicity (eADMET) properties, as well as in vivo data regarding tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) in mice and efficacy in an Escherichia coli-induced septicemia model, we were able to identify the critical and limiting parameters of the original hit compound. Thus, the generated data will serve as the basis for further compound optimization programs and developability assessments to identify candidates for preclinical/clinical development derived from GE81112A as the lead structure. IMPORTANCE The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a more and more important global threat to human health. With regard to current medical needs, penetration into the site of infection represents the major challenge in the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Considering infections associated with Gram-negative bacteria, resistance is a major issue. Obviously, novel scaffolds for the design of new antibacterials in this arena are urgently needed to overcome this crisis. Such a novel potential lead structure is represented by the GE81112 compounds, which inhibit protein synthesis by interacting with the small 30S ribosomal subunit using a binding site distinct from that of other known ribosome-targeting antibiotics. Therefore, the tetrapeptide antibiotic GE81112A was chosen for further exploration as a potential lead for the development of antibiotics with a new mode of action against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören M. M. Schuler
- Branch Bioresources of the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Jürjens
- Branch Bioresources of the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Astrid Rey
- Sanofi R&D, Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases, Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Stéphane Yvon
- Sanofi R&D, Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases, Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Marjorie Lagrevol
- Sanofi R&D, Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases, Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Mohamed Hamiti
- Sanofi R&D, Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases, Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Fabian Nguyen
- Gene Center, Department for Biochemistry and Center for Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Hirsch
- Branch Bioresources of the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Branch Bioresources of the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Daniel N. Wilson
- Gene Center, Department for Biochemistry and Center for Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Mourez
- Sanofi R&D, Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases, Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Sebastien Coyne
- Sanofi R&D, Therapeutic Area Infectious Diseases, Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Armin Bauer
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
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2
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Optimization of cyclic peptide property using chromatographic capacity factor on permeability of passive cell membrane and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal membrane. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1879-1886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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An Accurate and Interpretable Deep Learning Model for Environmental Properties Prediction Using Hybrid Molecular Representations. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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4
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Ottavi S, Scarry SM, Mosior J, Ling Y, Roberts J, Singh A, Zhang D, Goullieux L, Roubert C, Bacqué E, Lagiakos HR, Vendome J, Moraca F, Li K, Perkowski AJ, Ramesh R, Bowler MM, Tracy W, Feher VA, Sacchettini JC, Gold BS, Nathan CF, Aubé J. In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase PptT by Amidinoureas. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1996-2022. [PMID: 35044775 PMCID: PMC8842310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A newly validated target for tuberculosis treatment is phosphopantetheinyl transferase, an essential enzyme that plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of cellular lipids and virulence factors in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The structure-activity relationships of a recently disclosed inhibitor, amidinourea (AU) 8918 (1), were explored, focusing on the biochemical potency, determination of whole-cell on-target activity for active compounds, and profiling of selective active congeners. These studies show that the AU moiety in AU 8918 is largely optimized and that potency enhancements are obtained in analogues containing a para-substituted aromatic ring. Preliminary data reveal that while some analogues, including 1, have demonstrated cardiotoxicity (e.g., changes in cardiomyocyte beat rate, amplitude, and peak width) and inhibit Cav1.2 and Nav1.5 ion channels (although not hERG channels), inhibition of the ion channels is largely diminished for some of the para-substituted analogues, such as 5k (p-benzamide) and 5n (p-phenylsulfonamide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ottavi
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sarah M Scarry
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John Mosior
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yan Ling
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Julia Roberts
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | | | | | - Eric Bacqué
- Evotec ID (Lyon), SAS 40 Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon 69001, France
| | - H Rachel Lagiakos
- Schrödinger, Inc., 120 W. 45 Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Jeremie Vendome
- Schrödinger, Inc., 120 W. 45 Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Francesca Moraca
- Schrödinger, Inc., 120 W. 45 Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew J Perkowski
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Remya Ramesh
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew M Bowler
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - William Tracy
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Victoria A Feher
- Schrödinger, Inc., 120 W. 45 Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
| | - James C Sacchettini
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ben S Gold
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Carl F Nathan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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5
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Gao W, Liu XL, Wang Y, Liang C, Lian HZ, Qiao JQ. Insight into the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic retention behaviors of hydrophilic compounds on different stationary phases. Talanta 2020; 219:121363. [PMID: 32887085 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the correlations between retention behavior and lipophilicity of a large set of hydrophilic neutral and ionic analytes were studied based on three hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) stationary phases, including zwitterionic, crosslinked diol and triazole stationary phases. It was found that HILIC, due to the diversity of retention mechanism, is a more complex chromatography separation mode than reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) which has been widely accepted for lipophilicity assessment. Because electrostatic interactions contributed to the overall retention of the charged solutes on all three stationary phases, ion-strength of the mobile phase kept the same during the whole experiment. After the correlations between retention factor log k and water volume fraction Φ were investigated, the mixed retention model was revealed to be more suitable for HILIC retention behavior than other single models including partitioning and adsorption model. Moreover, in order to bridge the relationship between HILIC log k and lipophilicity parameter log D, net charge ne and Abraham solvation parameter were introduced in the quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) model. Although the correlation coefficients between log D and log k were still moderate, the significant improvement in correlation has made HILIC a potential choice as the complement of RPLC for log D measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Baota Bay, West Daqing Road, Taixing, 225441, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jun-Qin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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6
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Kempińska D, Chmiel T, Kot-Wasik A, Mróz A, Mazerska Z, Namieśnik J. State of the art and prospects of methods for determination of lipophilicity of chemical compounds. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Wang J, Wang H, Ramsay IA, Erstad DJ, Fuchs BC, Tanabe KK, Caravan P, Gale EM. Manganese-Based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Tumors: Structure-Activity Relationships and Lead Candidate Evaluation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8811-8824. [PMID: 30204438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gd-based MRI contrast agents (GBCAs) have come under intense regulatory scrutiny due to concerns of Gd retention and delayed toxicity. Three GBCAs comprising acyclic Gd chelates, the class of GBCA most prone to Gd release, are no longer marketed in Europe. Of particular concern are the acyclic chelates that remain available for liver scans, where there is an unmet diagnostic need and no replacement technology. To address this concern, we evaluated our previously reported Mn-based MRI contrast agent, Mn-PyC3A, and nine newly synthesized derivatives as liver specific MRI contrast agents. Within this focused library the transient liver uptake and rate of blood clearance are directly correlated with log P. The complex Mn-PyC3A-3-OBn emerged as the lead candidate due to a combination of high relaxivity, rapid blood clearance, and avid hepatocellular uptake. Mn-PyC3A-3-OBn rendered liver tumors conspicuously hypo-intense in a murine model and is wholly eliminated within 24 h of injection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Derek J Erstad
- Department of Surgical Oncology , Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School , WRN401, 55 Fruit Street , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Department of Surgical Oncology , Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School , WRN401, 55 Fruit Street , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Kenneth K Tanabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology , Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School , WRN401, 55 Fruit Street , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
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8
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Isensee J, Kaufholz M, Knape MJ, Hasenauer J, Hammerich H, Gonczarowska-Jorge H, Zahedi RP, Schwede F, Herberg FW, Hucho T. PKA-RII subunit phosphorylation precedes activation by cAMP and regulates activity termination. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2167-2184. [PMID: 29615473 PMCID: PMC5987717 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity of endogenous protein kinase A (PKA) could never be analyzed directly in the cellular environment. Isensee et al. used antibodies to quantify conformational changes leading to an open conformation of endogenous PKA-II holoenzymes, which allowed them to analyze and model its activation cycle in primary sensory neurons. Type II isoforms of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)–dependent protein kinase A (PKA-II) contain a phosphorylatable epitope within the inhibitory domain of RII subunits (pRII) with still unclear function. In vitro, RII phosphorylation occurs in the absence of cAMP, whereas staining of cells with pRII-specific antibodies revealed a cAMP-dependent pattern. In sensory neurons, we found that increased pRII immunoreactivity reflects increased accessibility of the already phosphorylated RII epitope during cAMP-induced opening of the tetrameric RII2:C2 holoenzyme. Accordingly, induction of pRII by cAMP was sensitive to novel inhibitors of dissociation, whereas blocking catalytic activity was ineffective. Also in vitro, cAMP increased the binding of pRII antibodies to RII2:C2 holoenzymes. Identification of an antibody specific for the glycine-rich loop of catalytic subunits facing the pRII-epitope confirmed activity-dependent binding with similar kinetics, proving that the reassociation is rapid and precisely controlled. Mechanistic modeling further supported that RII phosphorylation precedes cAMP binding and controls the inactivation by modulating the reassociation involving the coordinated action of phosphodiesterases and phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Isensee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anesthesiology and Pain Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Melanie Kaufholz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Matthias J Knape
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Hanna Hammerich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anesthesiology and Pain Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Humberto Gonczarowska-Jorge
- ISAS, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, Dortmund, Germany.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - René P Zahedi
- ISAS, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Tim Hucho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Experimental Anesthesiology and Pain Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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9
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Determination of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography based octanol-water partition coefficients for neutral and ionizable compounds: Methodology evaluation. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1528:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Schwede F, Rentsch A, Genieser HG. Medicinal Chemistry of the Noncanonical Cyclic Nucleotides cCMP and cUMP. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 238:307-337. [PMID: 27896476 DOI: 10.1007/164_2015_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
After decades of intensive research on adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)- and guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)-related second messenger systems, also the noncanonical congeners cyclic cytidine-3',5'-monophosphate (cCMP) and cyclic uridine-3',5'-monophosphate (cUMP) gained more and more interest. Until the late 1980s, only a small number of cCMP and cUMP analogs with sometimes undefined purities had been described. Moreover, most of these compounds had been rather synthesized as precursors of antitumor and antiviral nucleoside-5'-monophosphates and hence had not been tested for any second messenger activity. Along with the recurring interest in cCMP- and cUMP-related signaling in the early 2000s, it became evident that well-characterized small molecule analogs with reliable purities would serve as highly valuable tools for the evaluation of a putative second messenger role of cyclic pyrimidine nucleotides. Meanwhile, for this purpose new cCMP and cUMP derivatives have been developed, and already known analogs have been resynthesized and highly purified. This chapter summarizes early medicinal chemistry work on cCMP and cUMP and analogs thereof, followed by a description of recent synthetic developments and an outlook on potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schwede
- BIOLOG Life Science Institute, Forschungslabor und Biochemica-Vertrieb GmbH, Flughafendamm 9a, 28199, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Rentsch
- BIOLOG Life Science Institute, Forschungslabor und Biochemica-Vertrieb GmbH, Flughafendamm 9a, 28199, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hans-Gottfried Genieser
- BIOLOG Life Science Institute, Forschungslabor und Biochemica-Vertrieb GmbH, Flughafendamm 9a, 28199, Bremen, Germany
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11
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Cutignano A, Seetharamsingh B, D'Angelo D, Nuzzo G, Khairnar PV, Fusco A, Reddy DS, Fontana A. Identification and Synthesis of Mycalol Analogues with Improved Potency against Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Lines. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1125-1133. [PMID: 28263603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The marine metabolite mycalol (1) has a specific inhibitory activity on cells of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), a very aggressive and rare cancer that does not have effective conventional therapy. In this study, we describe six new related analogues (2-7) that differ in the length of the terminal alkyl residue and the presence of acetate or 3S-hydroxybutyrate (3S)-3HB as a substituent at C-19. Despite the structural analogies, some of the new members were significantly more cytotoxic than 1 on cell lines derived from human ATC. Structures inclusive of the 2'R,3R,4S,7R,8S,19R absolute configuration were assigned to 2-7 on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis, synthesis of different isomers, and application of ECD and Mosher's methods. This work led to the identification of mycalol-578 (3) as the most potent analogue, with an IC50 of 2.3 μM on FRO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Cutignano
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - B Seetharamsingh
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Daniela D'Angelo
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pankaj V Khairnar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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Stéen EJL, Nyberg N, Lehel S, Andersen VL, Di Pilato P, Knudsen GM, Kristensen JL, Herth MM. Development of a simple proton nuclear magnetic resonance-based procedure to estimate the approximate distribution coefficient at physiological pH (log D 7.4 ): Evaluation and comparison to existing practices. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:319-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Clement B, Girreser U, Steinhauer TN, Meier C, Marko D, Aichinger G, Kaltefleiter I, Stenzel L, Heber D, Weide M, Wolschendorf U, Zebothsen I, Zur Nieden D. 11-Substituted Benzo[c]phenanthridines: New Structures and Insight into Their Mode of Antiproliferative Action. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2155-2170. [PMID: 27546098 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of various new structures of a library of 11-substituted 6-amino-11,12-dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridines (BP) and 11-substituted 6-aminobenzo[c]phenanthridines (BP-D) is presented. These structures, further synthetic modifications, and the preparation of follow-up products which delivered about 40 new derivatives are described. Their potential as antiproliferative drug candidates was investigated by comparison of NCI 60 developmental therapeutics program (DTP) human tumor cell line screening data based on the results of in vitro tumor cell growth inhibition, including about 40 hitherto unpublished compound test results with up to 60 cancer cell lines. NCI-COMPARE studies helped to suggest the modes of action of the highly active antiproliferative drugs. These findings are supported by in vitro biological investigations showing either inhibition of tubulin polymerization and depolymerization or topoisomerase inhibition. Together with physicochemical parameters of the drug candidates, structure-activity relationships are critically discussed. Tubulin interaction or inhibition of topoisomerase I and IIα/β activity are two rationales that can explain the antiproliferative activity observed in the NCI 60 DTP human tumor cell line screen. However, it can also be reasonably assumed that these compounds address several targets, thus prohibiting the identification of simple structure-activity relationships. The new structures described herein are thought to act as so-called multitarget drugs, thus being of special interest in the area of multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Clement
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Institute, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Girreser
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Institute, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tamara N Steinhauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Institute, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christopher Meier
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Institute, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Aichinger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilka Kaltefleiter
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Institute, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars Stenzel
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Institute, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Heber
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Institute, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Weide
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Institute, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wolschendorf
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Institute, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inga Zebothsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Institute, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dana Zur Nieden
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Institute, Gutenbergstr. 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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15
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Essaid D, Chaminade P, Maillard P, Kasselouri A. Lipophilicity of porphyrins and their retention in IAM, C8-C18 and HILIC chromatographic systems. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 114:227-40. [PMID: 26099259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins are a class of photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Understanding the interaction of porphyrins with membrane cells components is important in order to improve this therapy. Many analytical methods can be used for this aim. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the separation of porphyrins on RP and HILIC stationary phases as well as on a biomimetic membrane IAM phase. Twenty-six tetraphenyl porphyrins (TPP) were successfully separated on an IAM column, a C18 Gravity RP column, a C8 Gravity RP column, a PolarTec RP column and a HILIC column. Stationary phases were chosen as the most appropriate to cover the study of different types of interactions. Elution was performed with a 45 min linear gradient. Obtained gradient retention times were converted to gradient chromatography hydrophobicity index (CHI) and to an apparent retention factor (kapp). The partition coefficients (logP) of the 26 compounds were measured in a 2-octanol/PBS system and estimated in silico. Correlation between kapp values was studied. Moreover, a multivariate analysis was performed to explain columns relationships. Obtained results show that porphyrins are separated mainly according to hydrophobic interactions that are relative to their structure (sugar number and the disposition around the porphyrin macrocycle).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Essaid
- Lipides, Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques, ex EA4041, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Paris-Sud, 92296 Châtenay Malabry Cedex, France.
| | - P Chaminade
- Lipides, Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques, ex EA4041, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Paris-Sud, 92296 Châtenay Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Ph Maillard
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Centre Universitaire, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France; CNRS, INSERM, UMR 9187-U 1196, Centre Universitaire, Univ. Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A Kasselouri
- Lipides, Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques, ex EA4041, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Paris-Sud, 92296 Châtenay Malabry Cedex, France
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Jensen DA, Gary RK. Estimation of alkane–water logP for neutral, acidic, and basic compounds using an alkylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene high-performance liquid chromatography column. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1417:21-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Liang C, Lian HZ. Recent advances in lipophilicity measurement by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Möller S, Alfieri A, Bertinetti D, Aquila M, Schwede F, Lolicato M, Rehmann H, Moroni A, Herberg FW. Cyclic nucleotide mapping of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1128-37. [PMID: 24605759 DOI: 10.1021/cb400904s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels play a central role in the regulation of cardiac and neuronal firing rate, and these channels can be dually activated by membrane hyperpolarization and by binding of cyclic nucleotides. cAMP has been shown to directly bind HCN channels and modulate their activity. Despite this, while there are selective inhibitors that block the activation potential of the HCN channels, regulation by cAMP analogs has not been well investigated. A comprehensive screen of 47 cyclic nucleotides with modifications in the nucleobase, ribose moiety, and cyclic phosphate was tested on the three isoforms HCN1, HCN2, and HCN4. 7-CH-cAMP was identified to be a high affinity binder for HCN channels and crosschecked for its ability to act on other cAMP receptor proteins. While 7-CH-cAMP is a general activator for cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases as well as for the guanine nucleotide exchange factors Epac1 and Epac2, it displays the highest affinity to HCN channels. The molecular basis of the high affinity was investigated by determining the crystal structure of 7-CH-cAMP in complex with the cyclic nucleotide binding domain of HCN4. Electrophysiological studies demonstrate a strong activation potential of 7-CH-cAMP for the HCN4 channel in vivo. So, this makes 7-CH-cAMP a promising activator of the HCN channels in vitro whose functionality can be translated in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Möller
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Andrea Alfieri
- Department
of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Bertinetti
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Marco Aquila
- Department
of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Frank Schwede
- Biolog Life Science Institute, Flughafendamm 9a, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marco Lolicato
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission
Bay Boulevard South, Rm 482, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Holger Rehmann
- Molecular
Cancer Research, Centre of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Genomics
Centre, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Moroni
- Department
of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Friedrich W. Herberg
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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Huang H, Wang H, Figueiredo-Pereira ME. Regulating the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway via cAMP-signaling: neuroprotective potential. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:55-66. [PMID: 23686612 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The cAMP-signaling pathway has been under intensive investigation for decades. It is a wonder that such a small simple molecule like cAMP can modulate a vast number of diverse processes in different types of cells. The ubiquitous involvement of cAMP-signaling in a variety of cellular events requires tight spatial and temporal control of its generation, propagation, compartmentalization, and elimination. Among the various steps of the cAMP-signaling pathway, G-protein-coupled receptors, adenylate cyclases, phosphodiesterases, the two major cAMP targets, i.e., protein kinase A and exchange protein activated by cAMP, as well as the A-kinase anchoring proteins, are potential targets for drug development. Herein we review the recent progress on the regulation and manipulation of different steps of the cAMP-signaling pathway. We end by focusing on the emerging role of cAMP-signaling in modulating protein degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. New discoveries on the regulation of the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway by cAMP-signaling support the development of new therapeutic approaches to prevent proteotoxicity in chronic neurodegenerative disorders and other human disease conditions associated with impaired protein turnover by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and the accumulation of ubiquitin-protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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20
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Itoh H, Matsutaka S, Kuranaga T, Inoue M. Control of the cytotoxicity of dansylated polytheonamide mimic, an artificial peptide ion channel, by modification of the N-terminal structure. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Herth MM, Volk B, Pallagi K, Kofoed Bech L, Antoni FA, Knudsen GM, Kristensen JL. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of oxindole derivatives as potential radioligands for 5-HT(7) receptor imaging with PET. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:1002-7. [PMID: 23259035 DOI: 10.1021/cn3001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The most recently discovered serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype, 5-HT(7), is considered to be associated with several CNS disorders. Noninvasive in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) studies of cerebral 5-HT(7) receptors could provide a significant advance in the understanding of the neurobiology and eventual dysfunctions of the 5-HT(7) receptor. To date, no appropriate 5-HT(7) receptor PET ligand has been developed. Here, we modified known 5-HT(7) selective phenylpiperazinyl-butyloxindole derivatives so that they may be labeled either with carbon-11 or fluorine-18. A set of potential 5-HT(7) ligands for PET molecular imaging was successfully synthesized. Two compounds (10 and 14) were tested against a range of targets. Both compounds display a promising in vitro profile with respect to PET imaging of the 5-HT(7) receptor in thalamic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M. Herth
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain
Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Drug Design and
Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Balázs Volk
- Chemical
Research Division, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O. Box 100, H-1475 Budapest,
Hungary
| | - Katalin Pallagi
- Division of Preclinical
Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O.
Box 100, H-1475 Budapest,
Hungary
| | - Lasse Kofoed Bech
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain
Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ferenc A. Antoni
- Division of Preclinical
Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals Plc., P.O.
Box 100, H-1475 Budapest,
Hungary
| | - Gitte M. Knudsen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain
Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper L. Kristensen
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain
Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Drug Design and
Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wang ZJ, Chauvin B, Maillard P, Hammerer F, Carez D, Croisy A, Sandré C, Chollet-Martin S, Prognon P, Paul JL, Blais J, Kasselouri A. Glycodendrimeric phenylporphyrins as new candidates for retinoblastoma PDT: Blood carriers and photodynamic activity in cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 115:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Herth MM, Hansen HD, Ettrup A, Dyssegaard A, Lehel S, Kristensen J, Knudsen GM. Synthesis and evaluation of [¹¹C]Cimbi-806 as a potential PET ligand for 5-HT₇ receptor imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4574-81. [PMID: 22682922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
2-(2',6'-Dimethoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine has been identified as a potent ligand for the serotonin 7 (5-HT(7)) receptor. In this study, we describe the synthesis, radiolabeling and in vivo evaluation of [(11)C]2-(2',6'-dimethoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine ([(11)C]Cimbi-806) as a radioligand for imaging brain 5-HT(7) receptors with positron emission tomography (PET). Precursor and reference compound was synthesized and subsequent (11)C-labelling with [(11)C]methyltriflate produced [(11)C]Cimbi-806 in specific activities ranging from 50 to 300 GBq/μmol. Following intravenous injection, brain uptake and distribution of [(11)C]Cimbi-806 was assessed with PET in Danish Landrace pigs. The time-activity curves revealed high brain uptake in thalamic and striatal regions (SUV ∼2.5) and kinetic modeling resulted in distribution volumes (V(T)) ranging from 6 mL/cm(3) in the cerebellum to 12 mL/cm(3) in the thalamus. Pretreatment with the 5-HT(7) receptor antagonist SB-269970 did not result in any significant changes in [(11)C]Cimbi-806 binding in any of the analyzed regions. Despite the high brain uptake and relevant distribution pattern, the absence of appropriate in vivo blocking with a 5-HT(7) receptor selective compounds renders the conclusion that [(11)C]Cimbi-806 is not an appropriate PET radioligand for imaging the 5-HT(7) receptor in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M Herth
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sheu MT, Lin YK, Huang CH, Ho HO. Established HPLC fraction analysis to predict furanocoumarin-based herb-drug metabolic interactions. Phytother Res 2011; 26:865-77. [PMID: 22083560 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An attempt was made in this study to predict the potential for metabolic interactions of herbal extracts of drugs from their chromatographic profiles in reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Twenty-nine structurally related furanocoumarin compounds with known inhibitory interactions with cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), which is important for phase-I drug metabolism, were selected as a model system. A sigmoidal relationship was established between the CYP3A inhibitory potency (y) and the RP-HPLC total peak response unit (R(u), x) as y = 85.36 x (14.86 + x)⁻¹ with a correlation coefficient of 0.63. The sigmoidal curve could be divided into three ranges designated low, medium and high risk that were used to indicate the relative inhibitory potency of the metabolic interactions of herbs or traditional Chinese herb medicines with CYP3A. These predictive classifications provide information or might be useful for 'risk category' decisions concerning herb-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Thau Sheu
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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25
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Werner K, Schwede F, Genieser HG, Geiger J, Butt E. Quantification of cAMP and cGMP analogs in intact cells: pitfalls in enzyme immunoassays for cyclic nucleotides. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 384:169-76. [PMID: 21713381 PMCID: PMC3145891 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays are routinely used as research tools to measure intracellular cAMP and cGMP concentrations. Ideally, this application requires antibodies with high sensitivity and specificity. The present work evaluates the cross-reactivity of commercially available cyclic nucleotide analogs with two non-radioactive and one radioactive cAMP and cGMP immunoassay. Most of the tested cyclic nucleotide analogs showed low degree competition with the antibodies; however, with Rp-cAMPS, 8-Br-cGMP and 8-pCPT-cGMP, a strong cross-reactivity with the corresponding cAMP and cGMP, respectively, immunoassays was observed. The determined EIA-binding constants enabled the measurement of the intracellular cyclic nucleotide concentrations and revealed a time- and lipophilicity-dependent cell membrane permeability of the compounds in the range of 10–30% of the extracellular applied concentration, thus allowing a more accurate prediction of the intracellular analog levels in a given experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Werner
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Grombuehlstrasse 12, Wuerzburg, Germany
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26
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Han SY, Qiao JQ, Zhang YY, Yang LL, Lian HZ, Ge X, Chen HY. Determination of n-octanol/water partition coefficient for DDT-related compounds by RP-HPLC with a novel dual-point retention time correction. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 83:131-136. [PMID: 21300395 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
n-Octanol/water partition coefficients (P) for DDTs and dicofol were determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) on a C(18) column using methanol-water mixture as mobile phase. A dual-point retention time correction (DP-RTC) was proposed to rectify chromatographic retention time (t(R)) shift resulted from stationary phase aging. Based on this correction, the relationship between logP and logk(w), the logarithm of the retention factor extrapolated to pure water, was investigated for a set of 12 benzene homologues and DDT-related compounds with reliable experimental P as model compounds. A linear regression logP=(1.10±0.04) logk(w) - (0.60±0.17) was established with correlation coefficient R(2) of 0.988, cross-validated correlation coefficient R(cv)(2) of 0.983 and standard deviation (SD) of 0.156. This model was further validated using four verification compounds, naphthalene, biphenyl, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane (p,p'-DDD) and 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE) with similar structure to DDT. The RP-HPLC-determined P values showed good consistency with shake-flask (SFM) or slow-stirring (SSM) results, especially for highly hydrophobic compounds with logP in the range of 4-7. Then, the P values for five DDT-related compounds, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (o,p'-DDT), 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane (o,p'-DDD), 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene (o,p'-DDE), and 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol (dicofol) and its main degradation product 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone (p,p'-DBP) were evaluated by the improved RP-HPLC method for the first time. The excellent precision with SD less than 0.03 proved that the novel DP-RTC protocol can significantly increases the determination accuracy and reliability of P by RP-HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, China
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Ibrahim H, Kasselouri A, You C, Maillard P, Rosilio V, Pansu R, Prognon P. Meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin derivatives: The effect of structural modifications on binding to DMPC liposomes and albumin. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kramer V, Herth MM, Santini MA, Palner M, Knudsen GM, Rösch F. Research Letter: Structural Combination of Established 5-HT2A Receptor Ligands: New Aspects of the Binding Mode. Chem Biol Drug Des 2010; 76:361-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.01011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Karcher SC, Laufer SA. Aza-analogue dibenzepinone scaffolds as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors: design, synthesis, and biological data of inhibitors with improved physicochemical properties. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1778-82. [PMID: 19253982 DOI: 10.1021/jm801291f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We recently described a promising novel class of p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP()) kinase inhibitors with dibenzepinone-scaffolds. To optimize their physicochemical properties, characterized by calculated log P values and measured lipophilicity (chromatographic hydrophobicity index = CHI), we synthesized aza-analogue dibenzepinones. Here, we present the synthesis and biological data of compounds with the novel aza-dibenzepinone scaffolds. Although these aza-analogues revealed an improved aqueous solubility, introduction of nitrogen was not effective in the p38 MAPK enzyme assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveigh C Karcher
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Synthesis and in vitro affinities of various MDL 100907 derivatives as potential 18F-radioligands for 5-HT2A receptor imaging with PET. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2989-3002. [PMID: 19329329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2008] [Revised: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabelled piperidine derivatives such as [(11)C]MDL 100907 and [(18)F]altanserin have played an important role in diagnosing malfunction in the serotonergic neurotransmission. A variety of novel piperidine MDL 100907 derivatives, possible to label with (18)F-fluorine, were synthesized to improve molecular imaging properties of [(11)C]MDL 100907. Their in vitro affinities to a broad spectrum of neuroreceptors and their lipophilicities were determined and compared to the clinically used reference compounds MDL 100907 and altanserin. The novel compounds MA-1 (53) and (R)-MH.MZ (56) show K(i)-values in the nanomolar range towards the 5-HT(2A) receptor and insignificant binding to other 5-HT receptor subtypes or receptors. Interestingly, compounds MA-1 (53), MH.MZ (55) and (R)-MH.MZ (56) provide a receptor selectivity profile similar to MDL 100907. These compounds could possibly be preferable antagonistic (18)F-tracers for visualization of the 5-HT(2A) receptor status. Medium affine compounds (VK-1 (32), (51), (52), (54)) were synthesized and have K(i) values between 30 and 120 nM. All promising compounds show logP values between 2 and 3, that is, within the range of those for the established radiotracers altanserin and MDL 100907. The novel compounds MA-1 (53) and (R)-MH.MZ (56) thus appear to be promising high affine and selective tracers of (18)F-labelled analogues for 5-HT(2A) imaging with PET.
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Henchoz Y, Bard B, Guillarme D, Carrupt PA, Veuthey JL, Martel S. Analytical tools for the physicochemical profiling of drug candidates to predict absorption/distribution. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:707-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The first cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) modulators were described nearly 30 years ago and since then more than 200 compounds have been synthesized and tested, but only a small subset of these compounds has found widespread application. The aim of this review is to suggest a framework for evaluating and using PKG activators and inhibitors and to explore and interpret PKG signal transduction in cell culture-based model systems. Therefore, cross-reactivity of cGMP-analogs with other classes of cyclic nucleotide binding proteins, as well as the advantages and problems of newly designed PKG inhibitors, are discussed. Additional information and a search option are available at www.cyclic-nucleotides.org
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Moll D, Prinz A, Brendel CM, Berrera M, Guske K, Zaccolo M, Genieser HG, Herberg FW. Biochemical characterization and cellular imaging of a novel, membrane permeable fluorescent cAMP analog. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2008; 9:18. [PMID: 18578870 PMCID: PMC2443153 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-9-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel fluorescent cAMP analog (8-[Pharos-575]- adenosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate) was characterized with respect to its spectral properties, its ability to bind to and activate three main isoenzymes of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA-Ialpha, PKA-IIalpha, PKA-IIbeta) in vitro, its stability towards phosphodiesterase and its ability to permeate into cultured eukaryotic cells using resonance energy transfer based indicators, and conventional fluorescence imaging. RESULTS The Pharos fluorophore is characterized by a Stokes shift of 42 nm with an absorption maximum at 575 nm and the emission peaking at 617 nm. The quantum yield is 30%. Incubation of the compound to RIIalpha and RIIbeta subunits increases the amplitude of excitation and absorption maxima significantly; no major change was observed with RIalpha. In vitro binding of the compound to RIalpha subunit and activation of the PKA-Ialpha holoenzyme was essentially equivalent to cAMP; RII subunits bound the fluorescent analog up to ten times less efficiently, resulting in about two times reduced apparent activation constants of the holoenzymes compared to cAMP. The cellular uptake of the fluorescent analog was investigated by cAMP indicators. It was estimated that about 7 muM of the fluorescent cAMP analog is available to the indicator after one hour of incubation and that about 600 muM of the compound had to be added to intact cells to half-maximally dissociate a PKA type IIalpha sensor. CONCLUSION The novel analog combines good membrane permeability- comparable to 8-Br-cAMP - with superior spectral properties of a modern, red-shifted fluorophore. GFP-tagged regulatory subunits of PKA and the analog co-localized. Furthermore, it is a potent, PDE-resistant activator of PKA-I and -II, suitable for in vitro applications and spatial distribution evaluations in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Moll
- University of Kassel, Department of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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Ozden S, Atabey D, Yildiz S, Göker H. Synthesis, potent anti-staphylococcal activity and QSARs of some novel 2-anilinobenzazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 43:1390-402. [PMID: 18022733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 09/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and anti-staphylococcal activity of a number of substituted 2-anilinobenzimidazoles, benzothiazoles and benzoxazoles are reported. The anti-staphylococcal activities were evaluated in standard in vitro MIC assay method. While anilinobenzimidazole derivatives 11-45 showed very potent anti-staphylococcal activities (greatest activity with an MIC value of 0.095 microg/mL), none of the 2-anilinobenzothiazoles and benzoxazole derivatives exhibited inhibitory activity. QSAR analysis of the anilinobenzimidazoles was studied on the relationship between the anti-staphylococcal activity (MIC in mug/ml) and extrapolated log k(w) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçkin Ozden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
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36
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Ranke J, Müller A, Bottin-Weber U, Stock F, Stolte S, Arning J, Störmann R, Jastorff B. Lipophilicity parameters for ionic liquid cations and their correlation to in vitro cytotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2007; 67:430-8. [PMID: 17034854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 07/26/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the great structural variability of the currently expanding group of ionic liquids, it is highly desirable to understand the basic factors affecting their toxicity in different biological systems. The present study of a set of 74 ionic liquids with imidazolium, pyrrolidinium, pyridinium, quinolinium, quaternary phosphonium and quaternary ammonium cations and the comparatively small anions Cl(-), Br(-), BF(4)(-), or PF(6)(-) demonstrates the influence of the cation lipophilicity on the cytotoxicity in IPC-81 leukemia cells from rats. The scope of this correlation is limited to ionic liquids with these or similarly small anions that are sufficiently nonreactive under physiological and chromatographic conditions and whose cation lipophilicity does not exceed a certain threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ranke
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, UFT Center of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kaliszan
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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38
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Walerczyk M, Fabczak S. Additional Evidence for the Cyclic GMP Signaling Pathway Resulting in the Photophobic Behavior of Stentor coeruleus¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740829aeftcg2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Laxman S, Riechers A, Sadilek M, Schwede F, Beavo JA. Hydrolysis products of cAMP analogs cause transformation of Trypanosoma brucei from slender to stumpy-like forms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:19194-9. [PMID: 17142316 PMCID: PMC1748198 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0608971103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
African sleeping sickness is a disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei. T. brucei proliferate rapidly in the mammalian bloodstream as long, slender forms, but at higher population densities they transform into nondividing, short, stumpy forms. This is thought to be a mechanism adopted by T. brucei to establish a stable host-parasite relationship and to allow a transition into the insect stage of its life cycle. Earlier studies have suggested a role for cAMP in mediating this transformation. In this study, using membrane-permeable nucleotide analogs, we show that it is not the cAMP analogs themselves but rather the hydrolyzed products of membrane-permeable cAMP analogs that prevent proliferation of T. brucei. The metabolic products are more potent than the cAMP analogs, and hydrolysis-resistant cAMP analogs are not antiproliferative. We further show that the antiproliferative effect of these membrane-permeable adenosine analogs is caused by transformation into forms resembling short, stumpy bloodstream forms. These data suggest that the slender-to-stumpy transformation of T. brucei may not be mediated directly by cAMP and also raise the possibility of using such adenosine analogs as antitrypanosomal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Sadilek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | - Frank Schwede
- BIOLOG Life Science Institute, Flughafendamm 9A, D-28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - Joseph A. Beavo
- *Department of Pharmacology
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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40
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Corradini D, Grego S, Liburdi K, Marinari S, Tonci M. A Combined Approach Employing Soxhlet Extraction and Linear Gradient Elution Reversed-Phase HPLC for the Fingerprinting of Soil Organic Matter According to Hydrophobicity. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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41
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Cheung U, Atwood HL, Zucker RS. Presynaptic effectors contributing to cAMP-induced synaptic potentiation in Drosophila. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 66:273-80. [PMID: 16329127 DOI: 10.1002/neu.20218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
cAMP analogs and activation of adenylyl cyclase by forskolin strongly potentiate synaptic transmission at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. These effects are generally attributed to activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Recent reports on crustacean and mammalian synapses have implicated other cAMP-dependent effectors in synaptic potentiation. Drosophila neuromuscular junctions were tested for effects of two known cAMP-dependent effectors: hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-regulated channels (HCNCs) and guanine nucleotide exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac). Forskolin-induced enhancement of synaptic transmission was drastically reduced by a blocker of HCNCs, but not completely eliminated. A specific agonist for Epac modestly enhanced synaptic potentials. This agonist also stabilized their amplitudes in the presence of a blocker of HCNCs. The observations implicate HCNCs and Epac in cAMP-dependent potentiation that does not require cAMP-dependent protein kinase, indicating that additional previously unexplored factors contribute to synaptic plasticity in Drosophila. Genetic and molecular techniques available for Drosophila can be used to define the underlying molecular basis for cAMP-dependent synaptic potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Cheung
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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42
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Sobierajska K, Fabczak H, Fabczak S. Alterations of ciliate phosducin phosphorylation in Blepharisma japonicum cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2005; 79:135-43. [PMID: 15878118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 12/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that motile photophobic response in ciliate Blepharisma japonicum correlates with dephosphorylation of a cytosolic 28 kDa phosphoprotein (PP28) exhibiting properties similar to those of phosducin. Here we demonstrate in in vivo phosphorylation assay that the light-elicited dephosphorylation of the PP28 is significantly modified by cell incubation with substances known to modulate protein phosphatase and kinase activities. Immunoblot analyses showed that incubation of ciliates with okadaic acid and calyculin A, potent inhibitors of type 1 or 2A protein phosphatases, distinctly increased phosphorylation of PP28 in dark-adapted cells and markedly weakened dephosphorylation of the ciliate phosducin following cell illumination. An enhancement of PP28 phosphorylation was also observed in dark-adapted ciliates exposed to 8-Br-cAMP and 8-Br-cGMP, slowly hydrolysable cyclic nucleotide analogs and 3-isobutyryl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), a non-specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDEs) inhibitor. Only slight changes in light-evoked dephosphorylation levels of PP28 were observed in cells treated with the cyclic nucleotide analogs and IBMX. Incubation of ciliates with H 89 or KT 5823, highly selective inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), respectively, decreased PP28 phosphorylation levels in dark-adapted cells, whereas the extent of light-evoked dephosphorylation of the phosphoprotein was only slightly influenced. Cell treatment with higher Ca2+ concentration together with ionophore A23187 in culture medium resulted in marked increase in PP28 phosphorylation levels, while quite an opposite effect was observed in cells exposed to Ca2+ chelators, EGTA or BAPTA/AM as well as calmodulin antagonists, such as trifluoperazine (TFP), W-7 or calmidazolium. Light-dependent dephosphorylation was not considerably affected by these treatments. The experimental findings presented here suggest that an endogenous light-dependent protein kinase-phosphatase system may be engaged in the alteration of phosducin phosphorylation in ciliate B. japonicum thereby to modulate the cell motile photophobic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sobierajska
- Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3, Pasteur Street, PL - 02 093 Warsaw, Poland
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43
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Tuzimski T, Sztanke K. Retention data for some carbonyl derivatives of imidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine in reversed-phase systems in TLC and HPLC and their use for determination of lipophilicity. Part 1. Lipophilicity of 8-aryl-3-phenyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-imidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4-ones. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2005. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.18.2005.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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44
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Welerowicz T, Buszewski B. The effect of stationary phase on lipophilicity determination ofβ-blockers using reverse-phase chromatographic systems. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 19:725-36. [PMID: 15856476 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of lipophilicity parameters for basic compounds using different chromatographic stationary phases is presented. An HPLC method for determination of lipophilic molecule-stationary phase interactions was based on gradient analysis. Differences in correlation between the lipophilicity of compounds and experimental chromatographic results obtained in pseudo-membrane systems showed a strong influence of stationary phase structure and physico-chemical properties. beta-Blocker drugs with varying lipophilicity and bio-activity were chosen as test compounds. The stationary phases used for the study were monolithic rod-structure C18 and silica gel octadecyl phase SG-C18 as reference material. The second group was silica gel-based polar-embedded alkylamide and cholesterolic phases. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile or methanol with ammonium acetate, and a linear gradient of methanol and acetonitrile in mobile phase was performed. A linear correlation of plots of log k(g) = f(log P) was observed, especially for polar-embedded phases, and this allowed log P(HPLC) to be calculated. The behavior of stationary phases in methanol and acetonitrile buffer showed differences between obtained log P(HPLC) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Welerowicz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Ecoanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolas Copernicus University, Gagarin Street 7, PL-87100 Torun, Poland
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45
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Poole SK, Poole CF. Separation methods for estimating octanol-water partition coefficients. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 797:3-19. [PMID: 14630140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Separation methods for the indirect estimation of the octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) are reviewed with an emphasis on high throughput methods with a wide application range. The solvation parameter model is used to identify suitable separation systems for estimating logP in an efficient manner that negates the need for empirical trial and error experiments. With a few exceptions, systems based on reversed-phase chromatography employing chemically bonded phases are shown to be unsuitable for estimating logP for compounds of diverse structure. This is because the fundamental properties responsible for chromatographic retention tend to be different to those responsible for partition between octanol and water, especially the contribution from hydrogen bonding interactions. On the other hand, retention in several micellar and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography systems is shown to be highly correlated with the octanol-water partition coefficient. These systems are suitable for the rapid, high throughput determination of logP for neutral, weakly acidic, and weakly basic compounds. For compounds with a permanent charge, electrophoretic migration and electrostatic interactions with the stationary phase results in inaccurate estimation of partition coefficients. The experimental determination of solute descriptors offers an alternative approach for estimating logP, and other biopartitioning properties. A distinct advantage of this approach is that once the solute descriptors are known, solute properties can be estimated for any distribution or transport system for which a solvation parameter model has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa K Poole
- Discovery Technologies, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105USA.
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46
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Turowski M, Yamakawa N, Meller J, Kimata K, Ikegami T, Hosoya K, Tanaka N, Thornton ER. Deuterium Isotope Effects on Hydrophobic Interactions: The Importance of Dispersion Interactions in the Hydrophobic Phase. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:13836-49. [PMID: 14599224 DOI: 10.1021/ja036006g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen/deuterium isotope effects on hydrophobic binding were examined by means of reversed-phase chromatographic separation of protiated and deuterated isotopologue pairs for a set of 10 nonpolar and low-polarity compounds with 10 stationary phases having alkyl and aryl groups bonded to the silica surface. It was found that protiated compounds bind to nonpolar moieties attached to silica more strongly than deuterated ones, demonstrating that the CH/CD bonds of the solutes are weakened or have less restricted motions when bound in the stationary phase compared with the aqueous solvent (mobile phase). The interactions responsible for binding have been further characterized by studies of the effects of changes in mobile phase composition, temperature dependence of binding, and QSRR (quantitative structure-chromatographic retention relationship) analysis, demonstrating the importance of enthalpic effects in binding and differentiation between the isotopologues. To explain our results showing the active role of the hydrophobic (stationary) phase we propose a plausible model that includes specific contributions from aromatic edge-to-face attractive interactions and attractive interactions of aliphatic groups with the pi clouds of aromatic groups present as the solute or in the stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Turowski
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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47
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Kaliszan R, Haber P, Baczek T, Siluk D, Valko K. Lipophilicity and pKa estimates from gradient high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 965:117-27. [PMID: 12236521 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The linear-solvent strength (LSS) model of gradient elution has been applied to estimate parameters of lipophilicity and acidity of a series of drugs and model chemicals. Apparent pKa values and log kw values for individual analytes were determined in 2-3 gradient runs. The first experiment (or first two experiments) uses a wide-range organic modifier gradient with pH chosen for suppressed ionization of the analyte. The result of this experiment allows an estimate of contents of organic modifier of the mobile phase (%B) providing the required retention coefficient, k, for the non-ionized analyte. The following experiment is carried out with the latter %B and a pH-gradient of the aqueous component of the eluent that is sufficient to overlap the possible pKa-value of the analyte. The initial pH of the buffer used to make the mobile phase is selected to insure that the analyte is in non-ionized form. The resulting retention time allows an estimate of PKa in a solvent of the selected %B. At the same time, estimates of log kw can also be obtained. The log kw parameter obtained from gradient HPLC by the approach proposed correlated well with the corresponding value obtained by standard procedure of extrapolation of retention data determined in a series of isocratic measurements. Correlation between log kw and the reference parameter of lipophilicity, log P, was very good for a series of test analytes and satisfactory for a structurally diverse series of drugs. The approach supported with specific detection procedures can be recommended for fast screening of lipophilicity of individual components of complex mixtures like those produced by combinatorial chemistry. The values of pKa obtained in a study were found to correlate with the literature pKa data determined in water for a set of aniline derivatives studied. In case of a series of drugs the correlation was less than moderate if the general procedure of pKa determination was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kaliszan
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
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48
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Lepont C, Poole CF. Retention characteristics of an immobilized artificial membrane column in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 946:107-24. [PMID: 11873960 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Retention for a varied group of compounds on an immobilized artificial membrane column (IAM PC DD2) with a methanol-water mobile phase is shown to fit a second-order model for the retention factor (log k) as a function of the volume fraction of organic solvent. The numerical value of the intercept obtained by linear extrapolation to zero organic solvent (log k(w)) is shown to depend on the range of mobile phase composition used for the extrapolation. Each series of intercepts so obtained represents a different hypothetical distribution system as identified by the system constants of the solvation parameter model. Although a linear model is a poor fit for isocratic retention data, the linear solvent strength gradient model provides a reasonable estimate of isocratic retention factor values that are (slightly) larger than experimental values, but provide the same chemical information for the system. These preliminary results suggest that gradient elution may prove to be a rapid and useful method for creating system maps for column characterization and method development. In this work a system map is provided for methanol-water compositions from 0 to 60% (v/v) methanol and additional system constants for acetonitrile-water compositions containing 20 and 30% (v/v) acetonitrile. It is shown that the main factors contributing to retention on the IAM PC DD2 column are favorable cavity formation and dispersion interactions, electron lone pair interactions and the hydrogen-bond basicity of the sorbent. The latter feature more than any other distinguishes the IAM column from conventional chemically bonded phases. Interactions of a dipole-type (weakly) and inability to compete with the mobile phase as a hydrogen-bond acid reduce retention. A comparison of system constant ratios is used to demonstrate that the retention properties of the IAM column are not easily duplicated by conventional chemically bonded phases. The retention characteristics of the IAM column, however, are strongly correlated with the retention properties of pseudostationary phases used for micellar electrokinetic chromatography, which provide a suitable alternative to IAM columns for physical property estimations. By the same comparative method it is shown that retention on the IAM column possesses some similarity to biomembrane absorption processes, allowing suitable correlation models to be developed for the estimation of certain biopartitioning properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lepont
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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49
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Walerczyk M, Fabczak S. Additional evidence for the cyclic GMP signaling pathway resulting in the photophobic behavior of Stentor coeruleus. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 74:829-36. [PMID: 11783940 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0829:aeftcg>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report that exo- and endogenous guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) specifically influenced the photophobic response. In behavioral experiments the slowly hydrolyzable and membrane-permeable analogs of cGMP (8-bromo-cGMP [Br-cGMP] and N6,2'-o-dibutyryl-cGMP) dramatically prolonged the time for ciliary stop response and decreased the duration of ciliary reversal in a dose-dependent manner. When analogs of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) (8-bromo-cAMP or N6,2'-o-dibutyryl-cAMP) were used, no essential effects were detected on the kinetics of the photophobic response. Both nonspecific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity inhibitors (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine [IBMX] and 1,3-dimethylxanthine [theophylline]) and the highly specific cGMP-PDE activity inhibitor 1,4-dihydro-5-[2-propoxyphenyl]-7H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-7-one (zaprinast) mimicked the effects of cGMP analogs. Treatment of cells with an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase activity (6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione [LY 83583]) exerted an effect opposite to that of cGMP analogs and PDE activity inhibitors. The positive physiological effect of LY 83583 was significantly diminished in ciliates that were treated simultaneously with Br-cGMP. In an assay of cell cyclic nucleotide content, the exposure of dark-adapted Stentor to light evoked a transient decrease in the basal level of intracellular cGMP. Alterations in internal cGMP levels were more distinct when the intensity of applied illumination was increased. In the presence of IBMX or theophylline the basal content of cGMP was markedly enhanced, and the photoinduced changes in cGMP level were less pronounced. In this paper the possible whole molecular mechanism by which the ciliary orientation in Stentor is controlled by light is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Walerczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Paschke A, Manz M, Schüürmann G. Application of different RP-HPLC methods for the determination of the octanol/water partition coefficient of selected tetrachlorobenzyltoluenes. CHEMOSPHERE 2001; 45:721-728. [PMID: 11695590 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in both, isocratic and gradient elution mode (stationary phase: LiChrospher 100 RP-18; mobile phase: water/methanol or water/acetonitrile) was used for a renewed determination of octanol/water partition coefficients (Kow) of selected tetrachlorobenzyltoluene (TCBT) isomers. Reported Kow values identify this substance class as very hydrophobic but the data are relatively inconsistent. Based on a series of calibration runs with hydrophobic reference substances of different chemical structure at various eluent compositions we tested different approaches for the evaluation of isocratic retention factors (logk) and found substantial differences between the direct calibration procedure at special methanol volume fractions in the mobile phase (0.95-0.80) and the use of retention factors extrapolated to pure water as eluent (logkw). The logKow values obtained for the TCBTs with the latter approach are around 0.5 units higher and closer to literature data. The gradient elution experiments yield slightly better results compared to the isocratic direct calibration procedure, but not as good as the calibration with log kw. In addition, the use of the RP-HPLC retention factors for estimating sorption coefficients (Koc) of TCBT isomers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paschke
- Department of Chemical Ecotoxicology, UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Germany.
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