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Nad S, Malik S. Design, Synthesis, and Electrochromic Behaviors of Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor type Triphenylamine‐
iso
‐Naphthalenediimide Derivatives. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhra Nad
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032
| | - Sudip Malik
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032
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2
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Akintola O, Böhme M, Rudolph M, Buchholz A, Görls H, Plass W. Metal-Bonded Redox-Active Triarylamines and Their Interactions: Synthesis, Structure, and Redox Properties of Paddle-Wheel Copper Complexes. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:271-284. [PMID: 30859054 PMCID: PMC6396145 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new triphenylamine ligands with different substituents in the para position and their corresponding copper(II) complexes are reported. This study includes their structural, spectroscopic, magnetic, and electrochemical properties. The complexes possess a dinuclear copper(II) paddle-wheel core, a building unit that is also common in metal-organic frameworks. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the triphenylamine ligands and the corresponding complexes are susceptible to oxidation, resulting in the formation of stable radical cations. The square-wave voltammograms observed for the complexes are similar to those of the ligands, except for a slight shift in potential. Square-wave voltammetry data show that, in the complexes, these oxidations can be described as individual one-electron processes centered on the coordinated ligands. Spectroelectrochemistry reveals that, during the oxidation of the complexes, no difference can be detected for the spectra of successively oxidized species. For the absorption bands of the oxidized species of the ligands and complexes, only a slight shift is observed. ESR spectra for the chemically oxidized complexes indicate ligand-centered radicals. The copper ions of the paddle-wheel core are strongly antiferromagnetic coupled. DFT calculations for the fully oxidized complexes indicate a very weak ferromagnetic coupling between the copper ions and the ligand radicals, whereas a very weak antiferromagnetic coupling is found among the ligand radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluseun Akintola
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieFriedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Michael Böhme
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieFriedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Manfred Rudolph
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieFriedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Axel Buchholz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieFriedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieFriedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieFriedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
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3
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Merits of online electrochemistry liquid sample desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EC/LS DESI MS). Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2227-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Gul T, Bischoff R, Permentier HP. Electrosynthesis methods and approaches for the preparative production of metabolites from parent drugs. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Jahn S, Karst U. Electrochemistry coupled to (liquid chromatography/) mass spectrometry—Current state and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:16-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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6
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Electrochemical oxidation of 4-morpholinoaniline in aqueous solutions: Synthesis of a new trimer of 4-morpholinoaniline. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Gun J, Bharathi S, Gutkin V, Rizkov D, Voloshenko A, Shelkov R, Sladkevich S, Kyi N, Rona M, Wolanov Y, Rizkov D, Koch M, Mizrahi S, Pridkhochenko PV, Modestov A, Lev O. Highlights in Coupled Electrochemical Flow Cell-Mass Spectrometry, EC/MS. Isr J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Gervaldo M, Funes M, Durantini J, Fernandez L, Fungo F, Otero L. Electrochemical polymerization of palladium (II) and free base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-N,N-diphenylaminophenyl)porphyrins: Its applications as electrochromic and photoelectric materials. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Gutkin V, Gun J, Lev O. Electrochemical Deposition−Stripping Analysis of Molecules and Proteins by Online Electrochemical Flow Cell/Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8396-404. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901285m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Gutkin
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, The Chemistry Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Jenny Gun
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, The Chemistry Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Ovadia Lev
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, The Chemistry Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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10
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Blankenburg L, Hager MD, Sell S, Sensfuss S, Klemm E. TPA-PPEs - New alternating donor copolymers for potential application in photovoltaic devices. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Schäfer M, Drayß M, Springer A, Zacharias P, Meerholz K. Radical Cations in Electrospray Mass Spectrometry: Formation of Open‐Shell Species, Examination of the Fragmentation Behaviour in ESI‐MS
n
and Reaction Mechanism Studies by Detection of Transient Radical Cations. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Schäfer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany, Fax: +49‐221‐4703064
| | - Miriam Drayß
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany, Fax: +49‐221‐4703064
| | - Andreas Springer
- Department of Chemistry, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Zacharias
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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Natera J, Otero L, Sereno L, Fungo F, Wang NS, Tsai YM, Hwu TY, Wong KT. A Novel Electrochromic Polymer Synthesized through Electropolymerization of a New Donor−Acceptor Bipolar System. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070055m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Liou GS, Lin HY, Hsieh YL, Yang YL. Synthesis and characterization of wholly aromatic poly(azomethine)s containing donor–acceptor triphenylamine moieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Guo T, Li L, Cammarata V, Illies A. Electrochemical/electrospray mass spectrometric studies of I- and SCN- at gold and platinum electrodes: direct detection of (SCN)3-. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:7821-5. [PMID: 16851910 DOI: 10.1021/jp047439o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Results on the electrochemistry of I- and SCN- at gold and platinum electrodes using an electrochemical cell coupled to an electrospray mass spectrometer are reported. We demonstrate that our apparatus is capable of these very challenging electrochemical/electrospray experiments and that B(C6H5)4- is a suitable internal standard for negative-ion studies in acetonitrile. With I- at a platinum electrode, we observe well-behaved oxidation to I3-. Experiments on I- at gold electrodes are more complex, showing AuI2- as well as I3-. The AuI2- mass spectrometric ion intensity varies in a complex way throughout the applied electrochemical voltage range studied; we propose that this variation involves the adsorption of I- on the gold electrode surface. In experiments on SCN- from (C4H9)4NSCN at gold electrodes, we observe Au(SCN)2-. Finally, at platinum electrodes, we directly observe (SCN)3-, a species analogous to I3- and (CN)3- that has been previously postulated but unverified. This important finding was confirmed by the isotope pattern and demonstrates the stability of the anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Alabama 36849-5312, USA
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15
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Kertesz V, Van Berkel GJ. Monitoring ionic adducts to elucidate reaction mechanisms: reduction of tetracyanoquinodimethane and oxidation of triphenylamine investigated using on-line electrochemistry/electrospray mass spectrometry. J Solid State Electrochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-004-0611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Arakawa R, Yamaguchi M, Hotta H, Osakai T, Kimoto T. Product analysis of caffeic acid oxidation by on-line electrochemistry/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2004; 15:1228-1236. [PMID: 15276170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2004] [Revised: 05/05/2004] [Accepted: 05/05/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
On-line electrochemistry/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EC/ESI-MS) was developed using a microflow electrolytic cell. This technique was applied to electrochemical oxidation of caffeic acid (CAF) which is known to be a highly antioxidative agent. Effects of electrolytic potentials on ion intensities of product ions and on electrolytic currents were examined at different pHs. Dimer products were detected at electrolytic potentials of E = 0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and trimer products at 1.0 V at pH 9. Dimer products were distinguished from hydrogen-bonded complexes by MS/MS experiments. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments determined the number of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in the Dimers formed by electrolysis. The mechanism of oxidative polymerization of CAF is discussed with speculation as to the structure of the dimer product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Arakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan.
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Bökman CF, Zettersten C, Sjöberg PJR, Nyholm L. A Setup for the Coupling of a Thin-Layer Electrochemical Flow Cell to Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2004; 76:2017-24. [PMID: 15053666 DOI: 10.1021/ac030388r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel setup for the coupling of a commercially available thin-layer cell to electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) which allows the electrochemical reactions at the counter electrode to be straightforwardly separated from the flow into the mass spectrometer has been developed. In this way, interferences from reaction products formed at the counter electrode can be minimized. This reduces the risk of changes in the mass spectra as a result of electrochemical reactions in the solution. The described setup also enables the working electrode to be positioned close to the electrospray (ESI) emitter without the need for a grounding point or a long transfer line between the electrochemical cell and the electrospray emitter. By decoupling the electrochemical reactions in the flow cell and those in the electrospray emitter, improved facilities for studies of electrochemical reactions are obtained through a better control of the potential of the working electrode. The setup has been used to study the oxidation of a drug (Olsalazine), which previously has been found to involve chemical follow-up reactions. It is also demonstrated that uncharged thiols can be detected in ESI-MS after spontaneous adsorption on a gold working electrode, followed by oxidative desorption to yield sulfinates or sulfonates. This adsorption and potential-controlled desorption has been used for the preconcentration of micromolar concentrations of 1-hexanethiol as well as for desalting of solutions containing micromolar concentrations of thiols. The results indicate that the present on-line coupling of an electrochemical cell to ESI-MS provides promising possibilities for sample preconcentration, matrix exchange (including desalting), and ionization of neutral compounds, such as thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fredrik Bökman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 599, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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The electrochemical oxidation of 4-bromoaniline, 2,4-dibromoaniline, 2,4,6-tribromoaniline and 4-iodoaniline in acetonitrile solution. Electrochim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(01)00538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Kertesz V, Van Berkel GJ. Minimizing analyte electrolysis in an electrospray emitter. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:204-210. [PMID: 11288203 DOI: 10.1002/jms.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The electrospray (ES) ion source is a controlled-current electrolytic flow cell. Electrolytic reactions in the ES emitter capillary are continually ongoing to sustain the production of charged droplets and ultimately gas-phase ions from this device. Under certain circumstances, the analytes under study may be directly involved in these electrolytic processes. It is demonstrated that a simple means to minimize analyte electrolysis is to exchange the normal metal emitter capillary of commercial ES sources with one made of fused silica. This change is shown to provide an ES mass spectrometric system of similar performance in terms of gas-phase ion signal generated for non-electroactive analytes and also assures minimal oxidation of electroactive analytes even at low (2.0 microl x min(-1)) solution flow-rates and high (millimolar) solution electrolyte concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kertesz
- Chemical and Analytical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381-6365, USA
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2000; 35:1228-1236. [PMID: 11110096 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9888(200010)35:10<1228::aid-jms983>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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