1
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Tu B, Jonnalagadda S. Amorphous stabilization of BCS II drugs using mesoporous silica. Int J Pharm 2024; 663:124555. [PMID: 39111354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the amorphous stabilization of BCS Class II drugs using mesoporous silica as a carrier to produce amorphous solid dispersions. Ibuprofen, fenofibrate, and budesonide were selected as model drugs to evaluate the impact of molecular weight and partition coefficient on the solid state of drug-loaded mesoporous silica (MS) particles. The model drugs were loaded into three grades of MS, SYLYSIA SY730, SYLYSIA SY430, and SYLYSIA SY350, with pore diameters of 2.5 nm, 17 nm, and 21 nm, respectively, at 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1, carrier to drug ratios, and three different loading concentrations using solvent immersion and spray drying techniques. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms of SY430 and SY350 samples exhibited melting point depressions indicating constricted crystallization inside the pores, whereas SY730 samples with melting points matching the pure API may be a result of surface crystallization. Powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) diffractograms showed all crystalline samples matched the diffraction patterns of the pure API indicating no polymorphic transitions and all 3:1 ratio samples exhibited amorphous halo profiles. Response surface regression analysis and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis suggest carrier to drug ratios, followed by molecular weight, have the most significant impact on the crystallinity of a drug loaded into MS particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buu Tu
- Saint Joseph's University, 600 S 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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2
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Steinrücken E, Weigler M, Kloth S, Vogel M. Complex dynamics of partially freezable confined water revealed by combined experimental and computational studies. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:014706. [PMID: 38949591 DOI: 10.1063/5.0215451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigate water dynamics in mesoporous silica across partial crystallization by combining broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). Exploiting the fact that not only BDS but also NMR field-cycling relaxometry and stimulated-echo experiments provide access to dynamical susceptibilities in broad frequency and temperature ranges, we study both the fully liquid state above the melting point Tm and the dynamics of coexisting water and ice phases below this temperature. It is found that partial crystallization leads to a change in the temperature dependence of rotational correlation times τ, which occurs in addition to previously reported dynamical crossovers of confined water and depends on the pore diameter. Furthermore, we observe that dynamical susceptibilities of water are strongly asymmetric in the fully liquid state, whereas they are much broader and nearly symmetric in the partially frozen state. Finally, water in the nonfreezable interfacial layer below Tm does not exhibit a much debated dynamical crossover at ∼220 K. We argue that its dynamics is governed by a static energy landscape, which results from the interaction with the bordering silica and ice surfaces and features a Gaussian-like barrier distribution. Consistently, our MDS analysis of the motional mechanism reveals a hopping motion of water in thin interfacial layers. The rotational correlation times of the confined ice phases follow Arrhenius laws. While the values of τ depend on the pore diameter, freezable water in various types of confinements and mixtures shows similar activation energies of Ea ≈ 0.43 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Steinrücken
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Max Weigler
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kloth
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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Gao Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Wen Y, Yu X, Shan B, Xu B, Chen R. Reorientation of Hydrogen Bonds Renders Unusual Enhancement in Thermal Transport of Water in Nanoconfined Environments. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5379-5386. [PMID: 38649277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Liquid confined in a nanochannel or nanotube has exhibited a superfast transport phenomenon, providing an ideal heat and mass transfer platform to meet the increasingly stringent challenge of thermal management in developing high-power-density nanoelectronics and nanochips. However, understanding the thermal transport of confined liquid is currently lacking and is speculated to be fundamentally different from that of bulk counterparts due to the unprecedented thermodynamics of liquid in nanoconfined environments. Here, we report that the thermal conductivity of water confined in a silica nanotube is nearly 2-fold as that of bulk status. Further molecular dynamics simulations reveal that this unusual enhancement originates from the densification and reorientation of local hydrogen bonds close to the nanotubes. Thermal-confinement scaling law is established and quantitatively supported by comprehensive simulations with remarkable agreement. Our findings lay a theoretical foundation for designing nanofluidics-enabled cooling strategies and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ziqiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Yanwei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bin Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Baoxing Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Rong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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4
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Haro Mares NB, Döller SC, Wissel T, Hoffmann M, Vogel M, Buntkowsky G. Structures and Dynamics of Complex Guest Molecules in Confinement, Revealed by Solid-State NMR, Molecular Dynamics, and Calorimetry. Molecules 2024; 29:1669. [PMID: 38611950 PMCID: PMC11013127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review gives an overview of current trends in the investigation of confined molecules such as water, small and higher alcohols, carbonic acids, ethylene glycol, and non-ionic surfactants, such as polyethylene glycol or Triton-X, as guest molecules in neat and functionalized mesoporous silica materials employing solid-state NMR spectroscopy, supported by calorimetry and molecular dynamics simulations. The combination of steric interactions, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions results in a fascinating phase behavior in the confinement. Combining solid-state NMR and relaxometry, DNP hyperpolarization, molecular dynamics simulations, and general physicochemical techniques, it is possible to monitor these confined molecules and gain deep insights into this phase behavior and the underlying molecular arrangements. In many cases, the competition between hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between polar and non-polar moieties of the guests and the host leads to the formation of ordered structures, despite the cramped surroundings inside the pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia B. Haro Mares
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (N.B.H.M.); (S.C.D.); (T.W.)
| | - Sonja C. Döller
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (N.B.H.M.); (S.C.D.); (T.W.)
| | - Till Wissel
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (N.B.H.M.); (S.C.D.); (T.W.)
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, State University of New York at Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420, USA
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (N.B.H.M.); (S.C.D.); (T.W.)
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5
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Bushuev YG, Grosu Y, Chorążewski M. Spontaneous Dipole Reorientation in Confined Water and Its Effect on Wetting/Dewetting of Hydrophobic Nanopores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7604-7616. [PMID: 38300737 PMCID: PMC10875646 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The properties of nanoconfined fluids are important for a broad range of natural and engineering systems. In particular, wetting/dewetting of hydrophobic nanoporous materials is crucial due to their broad applicability for molecular separation and liquid purification; energy storage, conversion, recuperation, and dissipation; for catalysis, chromatography, and so on. In this work, a rapid, orchestrated, and spontaneous dipole reorientation was observed in hydrophobic nanotubes of various pore sizes d (7.9-16.5 Å) via simulations. This phenomenon leads to the fragmentation of water clusters in the narrow nanopores (d = 7.9, 10 Å) and strongly affects dewetting through cluster repulsion. The cavitation in these pores has an electrostatic origin. The dependence of hydrogen-bonded network properties on the tube aperture is obtained and is used to explain wetting (intrusion)-dewetting (extrusion) hysteresis. Computer simulations and experimental data demonstrate that d equals ca. 12.5 Å is a threshold between a nonhysteretic (spring) behavior, where intrusion-extrusion is reversible, and a hysteretic one (shock absorber), where hysteresis is prominent. This work suggests that water clustering and the electrostatic nature of cavitation are important factors that can be effectively exploited for controlling the wetting/dewetting of nanoporous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy G. Bushuev
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9 Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Yaroslav Grosu
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9 Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Centre
for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein
48, Vitoria, Gasteiz 01510, Spain
| | - Mirosław Chorążewski
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9 Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
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6
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Umegaki T, Kojima Y. Thermochemical Properties of Synthesized Urea from Recovered Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide in Well-Ordered Nanospaces of Hollow Silica Spheres. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:714-718. [PMID: 38222630 PMCID: PMC10785277 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The present work investigated the thermochemical properties of urea synthesized in well-ordered nanospaces of porous hollow silica spheres' shells from recovered ammonia and carbon dioxide in aqueous solution. Thermochemical behaviors of the urea synthesized in well-ordered nanospaces of the hollow spheres' shells prepared with 1-dodeclyamine were analyzed from the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), and endothermic peaks assigned as the phase transition and decomposition were observed at ca. 440 and 514 K, respectively, which were higher than those of pristine urea (405 and 408 K, respectively), probably because of the nanoconfinement effect. The decomposition behavior was also confirmed by the result of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectra of the samples treated at various temperatures up to 573 K, and the decomposition of urea synthesized in the well-ordered nanospaces of the hollow spheres' shells started at 468 K and completed up to 533 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Umegaki
- Department
of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14, Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department
of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14, Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
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7
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Schiller V, Vogel M. Ice-Water Equilibrium in Nanoscale Confinement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:016201. [PMID: 38242666 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.016201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
We show that 2D ^{2}H NMR spectra enable valuable insights into the nature of an ice-water equilibrium in nanoscale confinement, which extends over a broad temperature range. In particular, 2D ^{2}H NMR line-shape analysis allows us to determine the timescale on which the coexisting ice and water phases exchange molecules. For D_{2}O in a silica nanopore with a diameter of 5.4 nm, we find that the residence time of a water molecule in either phase is characterized by an NMR exchange time of τ_{X}=5.7 ms at 220 K. Thus, the ice-water equilibrium is highly dynamic, which is an important aspect for an understanding of deeply cooled confined and, possibly, bulk waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schiller
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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8
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Jahinge TL, Payne MK, Unruh DK, Jayasinghe AS, Yu P, Forbes TZ. Characterization of Water Structure and Phase Behavior within Metal-Organic Nanotubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18899-18908. [PMID: 38081592 PMCID: PMC10753883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Water behavior under nanoconfinement varies significantly from that in the bulk but also depends on the nature of the pore walls. Hybrid compound offers the ideal system to explore water behavior in complex materials, so a model metal-organic nanotube (UMONT) material was utilized to explore the behavior of water between 100 and 293 K. Single-crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction revealed the formation of a filled Ice-I arrangement that was previously predicted to only occur under high pressures. 17O NMR spectra suggest that the onset of melting for the water in the UMONT channels occurs at 98 K and the presence of ice-like water up to 293 K, indicating that the complete ice-water transition does not occur before dehydration of the material. Overall, the water behavior differs significantly from hydrophobic single-walled carbon nanotubes indicating precise control over water can be achieved through rational design of hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiron
H. L. Jahinge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Maurice K. Payne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ashini S. Jayasinghe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ping Yu
- Nuclear
Magnetic Resonance Facility, University
of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tori Z. Forbes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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9
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Ali MA, Winters WMW, Mohamed MA, Tan D, Zheng G, Madsen RSK, Magdysyuk OV, Diaz-Lopez M, Cai B, Gong N, Xu Y, Hung I, Gan Z, Sen S, Sun HT, Bennett TD, Liu X, Yue Y, Qiu J. Fabrication of Super-Sized Metal Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Glass with Supramolecular Network via Crystallization-Suppressing Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218094. [PMID: 36744674 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal coordination compound (MCC) glasses [e.g., metal-organic framework (MOF) glass, coordination polymer glass, and metal inorganic-organic complex (MIOC) glass] are emerging members of the hybrid glass family. So far, a limited number of crystalline MCCs can be converted into glasses by melt-quenching. Here, we report a universal wet-chemistry method, by which the super-sized supramolecular MIOC glasses can be synthesized from non-meltable MOFs. Alcohol and acid were used as agents to inhibit crystallization. The MIOC glasses demonstrate unique features including high transparency, shaping capability, and anisotropic network. Directional photoluminescence with a large polarization ratio (≈47 %) was observed from samples doped with organic dyes. This crystallization-suppressing approach enables fabrication of super-sized MCC glasses, which cannot be achieved by conventional vitrification methods, and thus allows for exploring new MCC glasses possessing photonic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wessel M W Winters
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Moushira A Mohamed
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Dezhi Tan
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Guojun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Rasmus S K Madsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Oxana V Magdysyuk
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Maria Diaz-Lopez
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Biao Cai
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yijue Xu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL-32310, USA
| | - Ivan Hung
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL-32310, USA
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, FL-32310, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA-95616, USA
| | - Hong-Tao Sun
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB30FS, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Bushuev YG, Grosu Y, Chorążewski M, Meloni S. Effect of the Topology on Wetting and Drying of Hydrophobic Porous Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30067-30079. [PMID: 35730678 PMCID: PMC9264313 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Establishing molecular mechanisms of wetting and drying of hydrophobic porous materials is a general problem for science and technology within the subcategories of the theory of liquids, chromatography, nanofluidics, energy storage, recuperation, and dissipation. In this article, we demonstrate a new way to tackle this problem by exploring the effect of the topology of pure silica nanoparticles, nanotubes, and zeolites. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show how secondary porosity promotes the intrusion of water into micropores and affects the hydrophobicity of materials. It is demonstrated herein that for nano-objects, the hydrophobicity can be controlled by changing the ratio of open to closed nanometer-sized lateral pores. This effect can be exploited to produce new materials for practical applications when the hydrophobicity needs to be regulated without significantly changing the chemistry or structure of the materials. Based on these simulations and theoretical considerations, for pure silica zeolites, we examined and then classified the experimental database of intrusion pressures, thus leading to the prediction of any zeolite's intrusion pressure. We show a correlation between the intrusion pressure and the ratio of the accessible pore surface area to total pore volume. The correlation is valid for some zeolites and mesoporous materials. It can facilitate choosing prospective candidates for further investigation and possible exploitation, especially for energy storage, recuperation, and dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy G. Bushuev
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9 street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Yaroslav Grosu
- Centre
for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein
48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Mirosław
A. Chorążewski
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9 street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Simone Meloni
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie
(DOCPAS), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (Unife), Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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