1
|
Sen S, Bag A, Pal S. Mechanistic Inquisition on the Reduction of C 17Si(NH 2) 2 to NH 3: A DFT Study. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300723. [PMID: 38353668 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Activation of molecular nitrogen by silicon-substituted cyclo[18]carbon and its ability to produce the C17Si-(NH2)2 derivative, as the precursor of NH3, has been recently reported. This specific acquisition has piqued an interest to investigate the possibility of NH3 formation with further addition of H2 molecules in the gaseous reaction media. The current investigations reported in this article show that two moles of molecular H2 generate two molecules of NH3 and a C17Si-H2 byproduct from its precursor. The catalyst gets restored by an in situ reaction between some unreacted C17Si-N2 and the byproduct in the media. This reaction also produces the next C17Si-(NH)2 adduct, which restarts the catalytic cycle for NH3 production again.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sobitri Sen
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, 741246, West-Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Bag
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Simhat, Haringhata, Nadia, 741249, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, 741246, West-Bengal, India
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, 741246, West-Bengal, India
- Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kamiguchi S, Asakura K, Shibayama T, Yokaichiya T, Ikeda T, Nakayama A, Shimizu KI, Hou Z. Catalytic ammonia synthesis on HY-zeolite-supported angstrom-size molybdenum cluster. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2914-2922. [PMID: 38404367 PMCID: PMC10882513 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new catalysts with high N2 activation ability is an effective approach for low-temperature ammonia synthesis. Herein, we report a novel angstrom-size molybdenum metal cluster catalyst for efficient ammonia synthesis. This catalyst is prepared by the impregnation of a molybdenum halide cluster complex with an octahedral Mo6 metal core on HY zeolite, followed by the removal of all the halide ligands by activation with hydrogen. In this activation, the size of the Mo6 cluster (ca. 7 Å) is almost retained. The resulting angstrom-size cluster shows catalytic activity for ammonia synthesis from N2 and H2, and the reaction proceeds continuously even at 200 °C under 5.0 MPa. DFT calculations suggest that N[triple bond, length as m-dash]N bond cleavage is promoted by the cooperation of the multiple molybdenum sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kamiguchi
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Asakura
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Tamaki Shibayama
- Center for Advanced Research of Energy Conversion Materials, Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Tomoko Yokaichiya
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Tatsushi Ikeda
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Akira Nakayama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Shimizu
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu L, Jiang P, Gao H. Observation of Continuum State Dissociation Enables the Determination of N 2 Bond Dissociation Energy to Spectroscopic Accuracy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:10974-10979. [PMID: 38038992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most fundamental elements of life. Precise determination of the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the corresponding homonuclear diatomic molecule N2 is not only important for calculating the enthalpies of formation for any N-containing molecules but also provides the best benchmark for evaluating theoretical computational methods. Thus, it has attracted many experimental and theoretical studies, while controversies still exist. Here, we report the observation of continuum state dissociation of N2 into the channel N(2D5/2,3/2)+N(2D5/2,3/2) for the first time by using the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-pump-VUV-probe time-sliced velocity-mapped imaging setup. The quantum-state-resolved images enable the direct visualization of the dissociation onsets corresponding to each of the correlated spin-orbit fine-structure channels within a few tenths of wavenumber. The BDEs of 14N2 and 15N2 are directly determined to be 78691.8 ± 0.3 cm-1 and 78731.5 ± 0.3 cm-1, respectively, which should represent the most accurate BDE of N2 thus far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arroyo-Caire J, Diaz-Perez MA, Lara-Angulo MA, Serrano-Ruiz JC. A Conceptual Approach for the Design of New Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis: A Metal-Support Interactions Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2914. [PMID: 37999267 PMCID: PMC10674330 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in green ammonia production has spurred the development of new catalysts with the potential to carry out the Haber-Bosch process under mild pressure and temperature conditions. While there is a wide experimental background on new catalysts involving transition metals, supports and additives, the fundamentals behind ammonia synthesis performance on these catalysts remained partially unsolved. Here, we review the most important works developed to date and analyze the traditional catalysts for ammonia synthesis, as well as the influence of the electron transfer properties of the so-called 3rd-generation catalysts. Finally, the importance of metal-support interactions is highlighted as an effective pathway for the design of new materials with potential to carry out ammonia synthesis at low temperatures and pressures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan Carlos Serrano-Ruiz
- Materials and Sustainability Group, Department of Engineering, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Avda. de las Universidades s/n, Dos Hermanas, 41704 Seville, Spain; (J.A.-C.); (M.A.D.-P.); (M.A.L.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu X, Cheng Y, Li Y, Polo-Garzon F, Liu J, Mamontov E, Li M, Lennon D, Parker SF, Ramirez-Cuesta AJ, Wu Z. Neutron Scattering Studies of Heterogeneous Catalysis. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37315192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structural dynamics/evolution of catalysts and the related surface chemistry is essential for establishing structure-catalysis relationships, where spectroscopic and scattering tools play a crucial role. Among many such tools, neutron scattering, though less-known, has a unique power for investigating catalytic phenomena. Since neutrons interact with the nuclei of matter, the neutron-nucleon interaction provides unique information on light elements (mainly hydrogen), neighboring elements, and isotopes, which are complementary to X-ray and photon-based techniques. Neutron vibrational spectroscopy has been the most utilized neutron scattering approach for heterogeneous catalysis research by providing chemical information on surface/bulk species (mostly H-containing) and reaction chemistry. Neutron diffraction and quasielastic neutron scattering can also supply important information on catalyst structures and dynamics of surface species. Other neutron approaches, such as small angle neutron scattering and neutron imaging, have been much less used but still give distinctive catalytic information. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in neutron scattering investigations of heterogeneous catalysis, focusing on surface adsorbates, reaction mechanisms, and catalyst structural changes revealed by neutron spectroscopy, diffraction, quasielastic neutron scattering, and other neutron techniques. Perspectives are also provided on the challenges and future opportunities in neutron scattering studies of heterogeneous catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinbin Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Felipe Polo-Garzon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
| | - Jue Liu
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Eugene Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Meijun Li
- Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F Parker
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Anibal J Ramirez-Cuesta
- Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Recent Review of Primary Hydrogen Carriers, Hydrogen Production Methods, and Applications. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier, especially for transportation, owing to its unique physical and chemical properties. Moreover, the combustion of hydrogen gas generates only pure water; thus, its wide utilization can positively affect human society to achieve global net zero CO2 emissions by 2050. This review summarizes the characteristics of the primary hydrogen carriers, such as water, methane, methanol, ammonia, and formic acid, and their corresponding hydrogen production methods. Additionally, state-of-the-art studies and hydrogen energy applications in recent years are also included in this review. In addition, in the conclusion section, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen carriers and hydrogen production techniques and suggest the challenging tasks for future research.
Collapse
|
7
|
Li B, Xiao C, Harrison NM, Fogarty RM, Horsfield AP. Role of electron localisation in H adsorption and hydride formation in the Mg basal plane under aqueous corrosion: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5989-6001. [PMID: 36752175 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05242c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding hydrogen-metal interactions is important in various fields of surface science, including the aqueous corrosion of metals. The interaction between atomic H and a Mg surface is a key process for the formation of sub-surface Mg hydride, which may play an important role in Mg aqueous corrosion. In the present work, we performed first-principles Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to study the mechanisms for hydrogen adsorption and crystalline Mg hydride formation under aqueous conditions. The Electron Localisation Function (ELF) is found to be a promising indicator for predicting stable H adsorption in the Mg surface. It is found that H adsorption and hydride layer formation is dominated by high ELF adsorption sites. Our calculations suggest that the on-surface adsorption of atomic H, OH radicals and atomic O could enhance the electron localisation at specific sites in the sub-surface region, thus forming effective H traps locally. This is predicted to result in the formation of a thermodynamically stable sub-surface hydride layer, which is a potential precursor of the crucial hydride corrosion product of magnesium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Li
- Thomas Young Centre, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Chengcheng Xiao
- Thomas Young Centre, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Nicholas M Harrison
- Thomas Young Centre, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Richard M Fogarty
- Thomas Young Centre, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Andrew P Horsfield
- Thomas Young Centre, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Song G, Li ZH. Theoretical investigation of borane compounds mimicking transition metals for N 2 fixation and activation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1331-1341. [PMID: 36533691 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04560e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N2 fixation is very difficult because of the nonpolarity and high stability of N2. Traditionally, it is achieved by transition metal (TM) systems utilizing the back donation from the d orbitals of the TM to the antibonding π* orbitals of N2 to activate N2. This back donation is rare for main group compounds due to the lack of high-lying valence d orbitals. In the present study, we show that borane compounds with weak B-X (X = H, Si, Ge, and Sb) bonds can mimic TM systems and be used to fix and activate N2. This is achieved by the back donation from the σ bonding orbitals of the B-X bonds to the antibonding π* and σ* orbitals of N2. There is even a linear relationship between the number of B-X bonds and the binding potential energy of N2 with BR1R2R3 (R1, R2, R3 = H, CH3, SiH3, GeH3, and SbH2). Based on these findings, we designed several stable silylborane compounds that are feasible for N2 fixation and activation under mild reaction conditions, i.e., room temperature and 1 atm. In some sandwich-like complexes formed between N2 and silylborane compounds, N2 is even activated from the triple bond to double bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Guoliang Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Zhen Hua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shahid M, Javed HMA, Ahmad MI, Qureshi AA, Khan MI, Alnuwaiser MA, Ahmed A, Khan MA, Tag-ElDin ESM, Shahid A, Rafique A. A Brief Assessment on Recent Developments in Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction with 2D Non-Metallic Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3413. [PMID: 36234541 PMCID: PMC9565502 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the synthesis of ammonia (NH3) has been developed by electrocatalytic technology that is a potential way to effectively replace the Haber-Bosch process, which is an industrial synthesis of NH3. Industrial ammonia has caused a series of problems for the population and environment. In the face of sustainable green synthesis methods, the advantages of electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction for synthesis of NH3 in aqueous media have attracted a great amount of attention from researchers. This review summarizes the recent progress on the highly efficient electrocatalysts based on 2D non-metallic nanomaterial and provides a brief overview of the synthesis principle of electrocatalysis and the performance measurement indicators of electrocatalysts. Moreover, the current development of N2 reduction reaction (NRR) electrocatalyst is discussed and prospected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Asif Javed
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Ahmad
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Akbar Ali Qureshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz Khan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon
| | - Maha Abdallah Alnuwaiser
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princes Nourah Bin Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arslan Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Rawalpindi 47010, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azhar Khan
- Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Arslan Shahid
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aiman Rafique
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fan J, Li W, Li S, Yang J. High-Throughput Screening of Bicationic Redox Materials for Chemical Looping Ammonia Synthesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202811. [PMID: 35871554 PMCID: PMC9507380 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia recently has gained increasing attention as a carrier for the efficient and safe usage of hydrogen to further advance the hydrogen economy. However, there is a pressing need to develop new ammonia synthesis techniques to overcome the problem of intense energy consumption associated with the widely used Haber-Bosch process. Chemical looping ammonia synthesis (CLAS) is a promising approach to tackle this problem, but the ideal redox materials to drive these chemical looping processes are yet to be discovered. Here, by mining the well-established MP database, the reaction free energies for CLAS involving 1699 bicationic inorganic redox pairs are screened to comprehensively investigate their potentials as efficient redox materials in four different CLAS schemes. A state-of-the-art machine learning strategy is further deployed to significantly widen the chemical space for discovering the promising redox materials from more than half a million candidates. Most importantly, using the three-step H2 O-CL as an example, a new metric is introduced to determine bicationic redox pairs that are "cooperatively enhanced" compared to their corresponding monocationic counterparts. It is found that bicationic compounds containing a combination of alkali/alkaline-earth metals and transition metal (TM)/post-TM/metalloid elements are compounds that are particularly promising in this respect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Fan
- Materials and Manufacturing Futures InstituteSchool of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Wenxian Li
- Materials and Manufacturing Futures InstituteSchool of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Sean Li
- Materials and Manufacturing Futures InstituteSchool of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Jack Yang
- Materials and Manufacturing Futures InstituteSchool of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ravi M, Makepeace JW. Lithium-nitrogen-hydrogen systems for ammonia synthesis: exploring a more efficient pathway using lithium nitride-hydride. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6076-6079. [PMID: 35502809 PMCID: PMC9121210 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia synthesis chemistry with lithium–nitrogen–hydrogen materials is largely confined to pathways involving lithium hydride and lithium imide. Herein, we explore an alternate pathway featuring lithium nitride–hydride that shows more favorable characteristics from an activity, synthesis and cyclability perspective. Lithium nitride–hydride offers advantages in stability, preparation method and activity for ammonia synthesis in a chemical looping regime.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Ravi
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang J, Li G, Guo J, Fan H, Chen P, Jiang L, Xie H. Spectroscopic Characterization of the Synergistic Mechanism of Ruthenium-Lithium Hydrides for Dinitrogen Cleavage. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3937-3941. [PMID: 35475625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the role of alkali/alkaline earth metal hydrides in dinitrogen activation remains an important and challenging goal for spectroscopic studies of bulk systems, because their spectral signatures are often masked by the collective effects. Herein, mass-selected photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopic and quantum chemical calculation techniques are utilized to explore the promotion mechanism of LiH in the Ru-based catalysts toward N2 activation. The RuHN2- anion is determined to be a N2-tagged complex. In contrast, the RuHN2(LiH)n- (n = 1 and 2) anions are characterized to have N≡N bond-cleaved ring structures. These observations indicate that the complexation of LiH to RuH- significantly facilitates N≡N bond cleavage. Theoretical analyses show that the synergy between Ru and LiH efficiently lowers the energy barrier of N≡N bond cleavage. These findings clarify the pivotal roles played by the LiH species in the transition metal catalysts for N2 activation and have important practical implications for the prospective design of high-performance catalysts via metal tuning strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu TT, Zhai DD, Guan BT, Shi ZJ. Nitrogen fixation and transformation with main group elements. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3846-3861. [PMID: 35481498 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00041e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation is essential for the maintenance of life and development of society, however, the large bond dissociation energy and nonpolarity of the triple bond constitute a considerable challenge. The transition metals, by virtue of their combination of empty and occupied d orbitals, are prevalent in the nitrogen fixation studies and are continuing to receive a significant focus. The main group metals have always been considered incapable in dinitrogen activation owing to the absence of energetically and symmetrically accessible orbitals. The past decades have witnessed significant breakthroughs in the dinitrogen activation with the main group elements and compounds via either matrix isolation, theoretical calculations or synthetic chemistry. The successful reactions of the low-valent species of the main group elements with inert dinitrogen have been reported via the π back-donation from either the d orbitals (Ca, Sr, Ba) or p orbitals (Be, B, C…). Herein, the significant achievements have been briefly summarized, along with predicting the future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Bing-Tao Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Zhang-Jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Subnanometric alkaline-earth oxide clusters for sustainable nitrate to ammonia photosynthesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1098. [PMID: 35232982 PMCID: PMC8888631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The limitation of inert N2 molecules with their high dissociation energy has ignited research interests in probing other nitrogen-containing species for ammonia synthesis. Nitrate ions, as an alternative feedstock with high solubility and proton affinity, can be facilely dissociated for sustainable ammonia production. Here we report a nitrate to ammonia photosynthesis route (NO3−RR) catalyzed by subnanometric alkaline-earth oxide clusters. The catalyst exhibits a high ammonia photosynthesis rate of 11.97 mol gmetal−1 h−1 (89.79 mmol gcat−1 h−1) with nearly 100% selectivity. A total ammonia yield of 0.78 mmol within 72 h is achieved, which exhibits a significant advantage in the area of photocatalytic NO3−RR. The investigation of the molecular-level reaction mechanism reveals that the unique active interface between the subnanometric clusters and TiO2 substrate is beneficial for the nitrate activation and dissociation, contributing to efficient and selective nitrate reduction for ammonia production with low energy input. The practical application of NO3−RR route in simulated wastewater is developed, which demonstrates great potential for its industrial application. These findings are of general knowledge for the functional development of clusters-based catalysts and could open up a path in the exploitation of advanced ammonia synthesis routes with low energy consumption and carbon emission. Photocatalytic reduction of waste nitrate offers an alternative route for ammonia production. Here the authors report BaO clusters on TiO2 for nitrate-ammonia photosynthesis with high ammonia yield.
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo Q, Chen R, Guo J, Qin C, Xiong Z, Yan H, Gao W, Pei Q, Wu A, Chen P. Enabling Semihydrogenation of Alkynes to Alkenes by Using a Calcium Palladium Complex Hydride. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20891-20897. [PMID: 34854674 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Selective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes requires a catalytic site with suitable electronic properties for modulating the adsorption and conversion of alkyne, alkene as well as dihydrogen. Here, we report a complex palladium hydride, CaPdH2, featured by electron-rich [PdH2]δ- sites that are surrounded by Ca cations that interacts with C2H2 and C2H4 via σ-bonding to Pd and unusual cation-π interaction with Ca, resulting in a much weaker chemisorption than those of Pd metal catalysts. Concomitantly, the dissociation of H2 and hydrogenation of C2Hx (x = 2-4) species experience significant energy barriers over CaPdH2, which is fundamentally different from those reported Pd-based catalysts. Such a unique catalytic environment enables CaPdH2, the very first complex transition-metal hydride catalyst, to afford a high alkene selectivity for the semihydrogenation of alkynes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhitao Xiong
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hanxue Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qijun Pei
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Anan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|