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Cao Q, Tu YM, Fan HZ, Shan SY, Cai Z, Zhu JB. Torsional Strain Enabled Ring-Opening Polymerization towards Axially Chiral Semiaromatic Polyesters with Chemical Recyclability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400196. [PMID: 38356038 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The development of new chemically recyclable polymers via monomer design would provide a transformative strategy to address the energy crisis and plastic pollution problem. Biaryl-fused cyclic esters were targeted to generate axially chiral polymers, which would impart new material performance. To overcome the non-polymerizability of the biaryl-fused monomer DBO, a cyclic ester Me-DBO installed with dimethyl substitution was prepared to enable its polymerizability via enhancing torsional strain. Impressively, Me-DBO readily went through well-controlled ring-opening polymerization, producing polymer P(Me-DBO) with high glass transition temperature (Tg >100 °C). Intriguingly, mixing these complementary enantiopure polymers containing axial chirality promoted a transformation from amorphous to crystalline material, affording a semicrystalline stereocomplex with a melting transition temperature more than 300 °C. P(Me-DBO) were capable of depolymerizing back to Me-DBO in high efficiency, highlighting an excellent recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Min Tu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Zhong Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yi Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhongzheng Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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Picken CAR, Buensoz O, Price PD, Fidge C, Points L, Shaver MP. Sustainable formulation polymers for home, beauty and personal care: challenges and opportunities. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12926-12940. [PMID: 38023508 PMCID: PMC10664511 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As society moves towards a net-zero future, the need to adopt more sustainable polymers is well understood, and as well as plastics, less visible formulation polymers should also be included within this shift. As researchers, industries and consumers move towards more sustainable products there is a clear need to define what sustainability means in fast moving consumer goods and how it can be considered at the design stage. In this perspective key challenges in achieving sustainable formulation polymers are highlighted, and opportunities to overcome them are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A R Picken
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Orla Buensoz
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Paul D Price
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Christopher Fidge
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Laurie Points
- Unilever R&D, Port Sunlight Laboratory Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH63 3JW UK
| | - Michael P Shaver
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
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Biswas S, Das A. A Versatile Step-Growth Polymerization Route to Functional Polyesters from an Activated Diester Monomer. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203849. [PMID: 36511092 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a versatile and efficient condensation polymerization route to aliphatic polyesters by organo-catalyzed (4-dimethylaminopyridine) transesterification reactions between an activated pentafluorophenyl-diester of adipic acid and structurally different diols. By introducing "monofunctional impurity" or "stoichiometric imbalance," this methodology can afford well-defined end-functionalized polyesters with predictable molecular weights and narrow dispersity under mild conditions without any necessity for the removal of the byproducts to accelerate the polymerization reaction, which remains a major challenge in conventional polyester synthesis with non-activated diesters. Wide substrate scope with structurally different monomers and the synthesis of block copolymers by chain extension following either ring-opening polymerization or controlled radical polymerization have been successfully demonstrated. Some of the polyesters synthesized by this newly introduced approach show high thermal stability, crystallinity, and enzymatic degradation in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Biswas
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Anindita Das
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Şucu T, Wang M, Shaver MP. Degradable and Reprocessable Resins from a Dioxolanone Cross-Linker. Macromolecules 2023; 56:1625-1632. [PMID: 36874530 PMCID: PMC9979638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemically cross-linked polymers offer excellent temperature and solvent resistance, but their high dimensional stability precludes reprocessing. The renewed demand for sustainable and circular polymers from public, industry, and government stakeholders has increased research into recycling thermoplastics, but thermosets have often been overlooked. To address this need for more sustainable thermosets, we have developed a novel bis(1,3-dioxolan-4-one) monomer, derived from the naturally occurring l-(+)-tartaric acid. This compound can be used as a cross-linker and copolymerized in situ with common cyclic esters such as l-lactide, ε-caprolactone, and δ-valerolactone to produce cross-linked, degradable polymers. The structure-property relationships and the final network properties were tuned by both co-monomer choice and composition, with properties ranging from resilient solids with tensile strengths of 46.7 MPa to elastomers with elongations up to 147%. In addition to exhibiting properties rivalling those of commercial thermosets, the synthesized resins could be recovered at end-of-life through triggered degradation or reprocessing. Accelerated hydrolysis experiments showed the materials fully degraded to tartaric acid and the corresponding oligomers from 1 to 14 days under mild basic conditions and in a matter of minutes in the presence of a transesterification catalyst. The vitrimeric reprocessing of networks was demonstrated at elevated temperatures, and rates could be tuned by modifying the concentration of the residual catalyst. This work develops new thermosets, and indeed their glass fiber composites, with an unprecedented ability to tune degradability and high performance by creating resins from sustainable monomers and a bio-derived cross-linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theona Şucu
- Department of Materials, Engineering Building A, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, U.K.,Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Materials, Engineering Building A, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, U.K.,Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Michael P Shaver
- Department of Materials, Engineering Building A, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, U.K.,Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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Wang K, Ni M, Dundas AA, Dimitrakis G, Irvine DJ. Ring opening polymerisation of ɛ-caprolactone with novel microwave magnetic heating and cyto-compatible catalyst. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1123477. [PMID: 36860884 PMCID: PMC9968877 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1123477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on the ring-opening polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone incorporated with a magnetic susceptible catalyst, FeCl3, via the use of microwave magnetic heating (HH) which primarily heats the bulk with a magnetic field (H-field) from an electromagnetic field (EMF). Such a process was compared to more commonly used heating methods, such as conventional heating (CH), i.e., oil bath, and microwave electric heating (EH), which is also referred to as microwave heating that primarily heats the bulk with an electric field (E-field). We identified that the catalyst is susceptible to both the E-field and H-field heating, and promoted the heating of the bulk. Which, we noticed such promotion was a lot more significant in the HH heating experiment. Further investigating the impact of such observed effects in the ROP of ɛ-caprolactone, we found that the HH experiments showed a more significant improvement in both the product Mwt and yield as the input power increased. However, when the catalyst concentration was reduced from 400:1 to 1600:1 (Monomer:Catalyst molar ratio), the observed differentiation in the Mwt and yield between the EH and the HH heating methods diminished, which we hypothesized to be due to the limited species available that were susceptible to microwave magnetic heating. But comparable product results between the HH and EH heating methods suggest that the HH heating method along with a magnetic susceptible catalyst could be an alternative solution to overcome the penetration depth problem associated with the EH heating methods. The cytotoxicity of the produced polymer was investigated to identify its potential application as biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutical Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Non-Coding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Derek J. Irvine, ; Ming Ni,
| | - Adam A. Dundas
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Dimitrakis
- George Green Institute for Electromagnetics Research, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J. Irvine
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Derek J. Irvine, ; Ming Ni,
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Ritacco I, Voccia M, Impemba S, Camellone MF, Milione S, Caporaso L. Electronic and Steric Effects on L‐Lactide Ring‐Opening Polymerization with NSSN‐type Zr(IV) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Ritacco
- DCB, Department of Chemistry University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Maria Voccia
- CNR-ITAE, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l'Energia “Nicola Giordano” Salita Santa Lucia Sopra Contesse 5 98126 Messina Italy
| | - Salvatore Impemba
- CNR-ICCOM Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici 50019 Firenze Italy
| | - Matteo Farnesi Camellone
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Edificio Q2 Area Science Park Strada Statale 14 34149 Basovizza, Trieste Italy
| | - Stefano Milione
- DCB, Department of Chemistry University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- DCB, Department of Chemistry University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
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Duan R, Hu C, Liu Y, Bian X, Pang X, Chen X. In Situ Initiation of Epoxides: Activated Metal Salt Catalysts for Cyclic Ester Polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranlong Duan
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xinchao Bian
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xuan Pang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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Haslewood MND, Farmer TJ, North M. Synthesis and chemoselective crosslinking of functionalized polyesters from bio‐based epoxides and cyclic anhydrides. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael North
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence University of York York UK
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