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Wang M, Wang L, Hou A, Hong M, Li C, Yue Q. Portable sensing methods based on carbon dots for food analysis. J Food Sci 2024. [PMID: 38865253 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Food analysis is significantly important in monitoring food quality and safety for human health. Traditional methods for food detection mainly rely on benchtop instruments and require a certain amount of analysis time, which promotes the development of portable sensors. Portable sensing methods own many advantages over traditional techniques such as flexibility and accessibility in diverse environments, real-time monitoring, cost-effectiveness, and rapid deployment. This review focuses on the portable approaches based on carbon dots (CDs) for food analysis. CDs are zero-dimensional carbon-based material with a size of less than 10 nm. In the manner of sensing, CDs exhibit rich functional groups, low biotoxicity, good biocompatibility, and excellent optical properties. Furthermore, there are many methods for the synthesis of CDs using various precursor materials. The incorporation of CDs into food science and engineering for enhancing food safety control and risk assessment shows promising prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Aiying Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Min Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiaoli Yue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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2
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Bazazi S, Hashemi E, Mohammadjavadi M, Saeb MR, Liu Y, Huang Y, Xiao H, Seidi F. Metal-organic framework (MOF)/C-dots and covalent organic framework (COF)/C-dots hybrid nanocomposites: Fabrications and applications in sensing, medical, environmental, and energy sectors. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103178. [PMID: 38735101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Developing new hybrid materials is critical for addressing the current needs of the world in various fields, such as energy, sensing, health, hygiene, and others. C-dots are a member of the carbon nanomaterial family with numerous applications. Aggregation is one of the barriers to the performance of C-dots, which causes luminescence quenching, surface area decreases, etc. To improve the performance of C-dots, numerous matrices including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), and polymers have been composited with C-dots. The porous crystalline structures, which are constituents of metal nodes and organic linkers (MOFs) or covalently attached organic units (COFs) provide privileged features such as high specific surface area, tunable structures, and pore diameters, modifiable surface, high thermal, mechanical, and chemical stabilities. Also, the MOFs and COFs protect the C-dots from the environment. Therefore, MOF/C-dots and COF/C-dots composites combine their features while retaining topological properties and improving performances. In this review, we first compare MOFs with COFs as matrices for C-dots. Then, the recent progress in developing hybrid MOFs/C-dots and COFs/C-dots composites has been discussed and their applications in various fields have been explained briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Bazazi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Esmaeil Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, PO Box 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohammadjavadi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Yuqian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Ma Y, Du X, Li W, Hu T, Liu Y, Huang H, Kang Z. Enhanced the intrinsic oxidase-like activity of chiral carbon dots via manganese doping for selective catalytic oxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:687-696. [PMID: 38211486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
It is highly desirable to design and construct chemical catalysts with high activity and specificity as the alternatives of natural enzymes for industrial application. Chiral carbon dots (CDs), possessing both the intrinsic enzyme-like activity and specific recognition ability, are one of good candidates for enzyme-like catalysts. However, their catalytic activity is far from that of natural enzymes and needs to be enhanced. In this work, the modulation of the chiral structure and catalytic activity of chiral CDs with intrinsic oxidase-like activity was implemented by manganese (Mn) doping. Under the light condition, chiral CDs (l-Ser-CDs and d-Ser-CDs) derived from chiral serine (Ser) show weak catalytic activity and low selectivity toward the oxidation of L type of dopamine (l-DOPA), whereas the Mn functionalized chiral CDs (l-Mn-CDs or d-Mn-CDs) exhibit 6.9 times higher in catalytic activity and 2.9 times in selectivity ratio (SR) than Ser-CDs. Mn-CDs involve two-path catalytic process, in which the photogenerated electrons could reduce O2 to O2- as the active species and the holes would oxidize DOPA directly. Moreover, doping of Mn enables the CDs to generate more O2-. Besides, l-Mn-CDs have higher catalytic activity than that of d-Mn-CDs (+54.2 %), and the chiral Mn-CDs have stronger selective adsorption capacity towards chiral DOPA than Ser-CDs. Our work provides a new method for designing and preparing novel chiral artificial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengling Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China; Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao.
| | - Yurong Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Du
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China; Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao
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4
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Scott JM, Dale SG, McBroom J, Gould T, Li Q. Size Isn't Everything: Geometric Tuning in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Its Implications for Carbon Nanodots. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2003-2014. [PMID: 38470339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent developments in light-emitting carbon nanodots and molecular organic semiconductors have seen renewed interest in the properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a family. The networks of delocalized π electrons in sp2-hybridized carbon grant PAHs light-emissive properties right across the visible spectrum. However, the mechanistic understanding of their emission energy has been limited due to the ground state-focused methods of determination. This computational chemistry work, therefore, seeks to validate existing rules and elucidate new features and characteristics of PAHs that influence their emissions. Predictions based on (time-dependent) density functional theory account for the full 3-dimensional electronic structure of ground and excited states and reveal that twisting and near-degeneracies strongly influence emission spectra and may therefore be used to tune the color of PAHs and, hence, carbon nanodots. We particularly note that the influence of twisting goes beyond torsional destabilization of the ground-state and geometric relaxation of the excited state, with a third contribution associated with the electric transition dipole. Symmetries and peri-condensation may also have an effect, but this could not be statistically confirmed. In pursuing this goal, we demonstrate that with minimal changes to molecular size, the entire visible spectrum may be spanned by geometric modification alone; we have also provided a first estimate of emission energy for 35 molecules currently lacking published emission spectra as well as clear guidelines for when more sophisticated computational techniques are required to predict the properties of PAHs accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Scott
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Stephen G Dale
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- The Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM), National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - James McBroom
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Tim Gould
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Qin Li
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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Wang T, Zhang M, Lu Y, Liu Q, Niu Q, You T. Metal-organic-framework-confined quantum dots enhance photocurrent signals: A molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical cathodic sensor for rapid and sensitive tetracycline detection. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1293:342269. [PMID: 38331550 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetracycline (TC), a cost-effective broad-spectrum antibacterial drug, has been excessively utilized in the livestock and poultry industry, leading to a serious overabundance of TC in livestock wastewater. However, conventional analytical methods such as liquid chromatography and gas chromatography face challenges in achieving sensitive detection of trace amounts of TC in complex substrates. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a highly sensitive and anti-interference analytical method for the detection of tetracycline in livestock wastewater. RESULTS A porphyrin-based MOF (PCN-224)-confined carbon dots (CDs) material (CDs@PCN-224) was synthesized by a "bottle-around-ship" strategy. The reduced carrier migration distance is conducive to the separation of electron-hole pairs and enhanced the photocurrent signal due to the tight coupling of CDs and PCN-224. Further, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by rapid in-situ UV-polymerization and employed as a recognition element. The specific recognition of the target by imprinted cavities blocks electron transfer, resulting in a "turn off" response signal, thus realizing the selective detection of TC. Under optimal conditions, the constructed MIP-PEC cathodic sensor detected 1.00 × 10-12 M to 1.00 × 10-7 M of TC sensitively, with a limit of detection of 3.72 × 10-13 M. In addition, the proposed MIP-PEC sensor demonstrated good TC detection performance in actual livestock wastewater. SIGNIFICANCE The strategy based on MOF pore-confined quantum dots can effectively enhance the photocurrent response of the photosensitive substrate. Simultaneously, the MIP constructed by in-situ rapid UV-polymerization showed excellent anti-interference and reusable properties. This work provides a promising MIP-PEC cathodic sensing method for the rapid and sensitive detection of antibiotics in complex-matrix environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Mengge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yuhao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qijian Niu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Tianyan You
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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Wang B, Wang H, Hu Y, Waterhouse GIN, Lu S. Matrix-Free Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Carbon Dots-Based Electroluminescent Light-Emitting Diodes Exceeding 5.6% External Quantum Efficiency. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2904-2911. [PMID: 38385631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are promising luminescent emission layer materials for next generation electroluminescent light emitting diodes (EL-LEDs) due to their many advantages, such as environmental friendliness, low cost, and high stability. However, limited by the spin-forbidden properties of the triplet transition, it is difficult to improve the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of fluorescent CDs-based EL-LEDs. Meanwhile, traditional thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) CDs prepared using coating strategies are difficult to utilize in EL-LEDs due to the nonconductivity of the coating agent. Herein, we successfully developed matrix-free TADF CDs with yellow emission and achieved a device EQE of 5.68%, which is the highest value reported in CDs-based EL-LEDs. In addition, we also developed white EL-LEDs with an EQE of 1.70%. This study highlights the importance of interactions between precursors in modulating the electroluminescence properties of TADF emitters and provides an effective design principle for matrix-free TADF CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | | | - Siyu Lu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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7
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Niu KK, Zhang RZ, Yang XZ, Ma CQ, Liu H, Yu S, Xing LB. Nitrogen-doped Carbon Dots as Efficient Photocatalysts for High Selectivity of Dehalogenative Oxyalkylation of Styrene. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202301686. [PMID: 38135666 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a type of carbon-based luminescent material with a zero-dimensional structure and a size of less than 10 nm, which are composed of sp2 /sp3 hybrid carbon nuclei and surface functional groups. Because CDs has strong photoluminescence and good light absorption in the ultraviolet and near visible regions, it is an excellent candidate for photocatalytic applications. However, the use of nonmetallic doped CDs as photosensitizers for direct photocatalytic organic reactions has been limited to several scattered reports. Herein, we present nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) that has a capability for not only produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion radical (O2 ⋅- ) and singlet oxygen (1 O2 ), but also provide an unprecedented high activity of dehalogenative oxyalkylation of styrene with a yield of 93 %. This work develops a novel opportunity to utilize cost-effective and easily accessible CDs for the advancement of photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Kai Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P. R. China
| | - Xuan-Zong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Qun Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P. R. China
| | - Shengsheng Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Bao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P. R. China
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Shi Y, Su W, Yuan F, Yuan T, Song X, Han Y, Wei S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li X, Fan L. Carbon Dots for Electroluminescent Light-Emitting Diodes: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210699. [PMID: 36959751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as emerging carbon nanomaterials, have been regarded as promising alternatives for electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their distinct characteristics, such as low toxicity, tuneable photoluminescence, and good photostability. In the last few years, despite remarkable progress achieved in CD-based LEDs, their device performance is still inferior to that of well-developed organic, heavy-metal-based QDs, and perovskite LEDs. To better exploit LED applications and boost device performance, in this review, a comprehensive overview of currently explored CDs is presented, focusing on their key optical characteristics, which are closely related to the structural design of CDs from their carbon core to surface modifications, and to macroscopic structural engineering, including the embedding of CDs in the matrix or spatial arrangement of CDs. The design of CD-based LEDs for display and lighting applications based on the fluorescence, phosphorescence, and delayed fluorescence emission of CDs is also highlighted. Finally, it is concluded with a discussion regarding the key challenges and plausible prospects in this field. It is hoped that this review inspires more extensive research on CDs from a new perspective and promotes practical applications of CD-based LEDs in multiple directions of current and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wen Su
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xianzhi Song
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shuyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Wang B, Wang H, Hu Y, Waterhouse GIN, Lu S. Carbon Dot Based Multicolor Electroluminescent LEDs with Nearly 100% Exciton Utilization Efficiency. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8794-8800. [PMID: 37487142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are promising nanomaterials for next-generation lighting and displays due to their tunable bandgap, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), and high stability. However, the exciton utilization efficiency (EUE) of CD-based films can only reach 25%, fundamentally limiting their application in electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Improving the EUE is therefore of great significance. Herein, we developed composite films containing CDs and poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK). The films were then used to construct a series of high-performance electroluminescent LEDs with tunable emission colors covering the blue to green regions as the concentration of CDs in the films increased, delivering a maximum external quantum efficiency and current efficiency of 2.62% and 5.11 cd/A, respectively. Theoretical calculations and experiments established that the excellent performance at low film PLQY was due to a hot exciton effect in the CDs, achieving nearly 100% EUE. This work provides new design strategies toward high-performance CD-based electroluminescent LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
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10
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Fan J, Wu D, Deng X, Zhao Y, Liu C, Liang Q. Carbon Dots as an Electron Acceptor in the ZnIn 2S 4@MIL-88A Heterojunction for Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12467-12475. [PMID: 37620251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, visible-light-responsive carbon dots (CDs)/ZnIn2S4@MIL-88A (C/ZI@ML) photocatalysts were successfully prepared through in situ loading CDs and ZnIn2S4 nanosheets on MIL-88A(Fe) to form a ternary heterojunction. The detailed characterization indicated that the two-dimensional ZnIn2S4 nanosheets were uniformly coated on the surface of MIL-88A(Fe), and ZnIn2S4/MIL-88A(Fe) exhibited enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production performance (1259.63 μmol h-1 g-1) compared to that of pristine MIL-88A(Fe) and ZnIn2S4 under visible light illumination. After introduction of CDs into ZnIn2S4/MIL-88A(Fe), the C/ZI@ML catalyst remarkably enhanced the photocatalytic activity and the hydrogen evolution rate of 1C/ZI@ML was up to 3609.23 μmol g-1 h-1. The photoinduced charge carriers of C/ZI@ML can be efficiently separated and migrated because of the close contacted interface, synergistic effect, and suitable band structure. In combination with photoelectrochemical experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, a possible photocatalytic mechanism over C/ZI@ML was proposed. This work demonstrated a facile preparation method for fabricating efficient visible-light-driven heterojunction photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Fan
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)-Changzhou University (CZU) Innovation Alliance, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxue Wu
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)-Changzhou University (CZU) Innovation Alliance, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzheng Deng
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)-Changzhou University (CZU) Innovation Alliance, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)-Changzhou University (CZU) Innovation Alliance, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhai Liu
- China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)-Changzhou University (CZU) Innovation Alliance, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liang
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)-Changzhou University (CZU) Innovation Alliance, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
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11
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Du F, Yang LP, Wang LL. Synthetic strategies, properties and sensing application of multicolor carbon dots: recent advances and future challenges. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8117-8135. [PMID: 37555267 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01329d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, carbon dots (CDs) as newly developed carbon-based nanomaterials due to advantages such as excellent photostability and easy surface functionalization have generated wide application prospects in fields such as biological imaging and chemical sensing. The multicolor emission carbon dots (M-CDs) were acquired through the selection of different carbon source precursors, change of synthesis conditions and synthesis environment. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the latest research progress in polychromatic CDs from the perspectives of synthesis strategies, luminescent mechanisms, luminescent properties and applications. This review focuses on how to prepare MCDs by changing raw materials and synthesis conditions such as reaction temperature, synthesis time, synthesis pH, and synthesis solvent. This review also presents the optical properties of MCDs, concentration effects, solvent effects, pH effects, elemental doping, and surface passivation on them, as well as their creative applications in the field of sensing applications. It is anticipated that this review will serve as a guide for the development of multifunctional M-CDs and inspire future research on controllable design and preparation of M-CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Du
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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12
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Zhou S, Wang F, Feng N, Xu A, Sun X, Zhou J, Li H. Room Temperature Phosphorescence Carbon Dots: Preparations, Regulations, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301240. [PMID: 37086135 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have drawn considerable attention by virtue of their outstanding features. Compared with organometallic complexes and pure organic compounds, carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as a new type of RTP materials, which show great advantages, such as moderate reaction condition, low toxicity, low cost, and tunable optical properties. In this review, the important progress made in RTP CDs is summarized, with an emphasis on the latest developments. The synthetic strategies of RTP CDs will be comprehensively summarized, followed by detailed introduction of their performance regulation and potential applications in anti-counterfeiting, information encryption, sensing, light-emitting diodes, and biomedicine. Finally, the remaining major challenges for RTP CDs are discussed and new opportunities in the future are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengju Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Feixiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Ning Feng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Aoxue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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13
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Song SY, Liu KK, Mao X, Cao Q, Li N, Zhao WB, Wang Y, Liang YC, Zang JH, Li X, Lou Q, Dong L, Shan CX. Colorful Triplet Excitons in Carbon Nanodots for Time Delay Lighting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212286. [PMID: 36840606 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Time delay lighting offers an added period of buffer illumination for human eyes upon switching off the light. Long-lifetime emission from triplet excitons has outstanding potential, but the forbidden transition property due to the Pauli exclusion principle makes them dark, and it stays challenging to develop full-color and bright triplet excitons. Herein, triplet excitons emission from ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (NIR) in carbon nanodots (CNDs) is achieved by confining multicolor CNDs emitters in NaCNO crystal. NaCNO crystal can isolate the CNDs, triplet excitons quenching caused by the excited state electrons aggregation induced energy transfer is suppressed, and the confinement crystal can furthermore promote phosphorescence of the CNDs by inhibiting the dissipation of the triplet excitons due to non-radiative transition. The phosphorescence from radiative recombination of triplet excitons in the CNDs covers the spectral region from 300 nm (UV) to 800 nm (NIR), the corresponding lifetimes can reach 15.8, 818.0, 239.7, 168.4, 426.4, and 127.6 ms. Furthermore, the eco-friendly luminescent lampshades are designed based on the multicolor phosphorescent CNDs, time delay light-emitting diodes are thus demonstrated. The findings will motivate new opportunities for the development of UV to NIR phosphorescent CNDs and time delay lighting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Na Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wen-Bo Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ya-Chuang Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jin-Hao Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xing Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qing Lou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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14
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Ma Y, Zhang M, Wu J, Zhao Y, Du X, Huang H, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Kang Z. The Key Effect of Carboxyl Group and CuN 2 O 2 Coordinate Structure for Cu, N Co-Doped Carbon Dots with Peroxidase-Like Property. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300883. [PMID: 37029573 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) with good water solubility and biocompatibility have become a research hotspot in the nano-enzyme and biomedical field. However, the problems of low catalytic activity and ambiguous catalytic site of CDs as nanozymes still need to be addressed. In this work, CDs loaded with Cu single atoms are obtained through pyrolysis, and the coordination structure and surface functional groups are regulated by adjusting the pyrolysis temperature. CDs obtained at 300 °C (named Cu-CDs-300) have the most carboxyl content and Cu is coordinated in the form of CuN2 O2 , which can better decompose H2 O2 to produce free radical and is beneficial to catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The vmax is 6.56*10-7 m s-1 , 6.56 times higher than that of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Moreover, Cu-CDs-300 can effectively lead to CT26 apoptosis by generating much free radicals. This work demonstrates the synergistic effect of oxygen-containing functional groups and metal coordination structures on peroxide-like activity of CDs and provides new ideas for the design of clear active structure and high efficiency peroxide-like single atom CDs catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mengling Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Taipa, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xin Du
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yunjie Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Taipa, 999078, P. R. China
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15
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Yu Y, Zeng Q, Tao S, Xia C, Liu C, Liu P, Yang B. Carbon Dots Based Photoinduced Reactions: Advances and Perspective. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207621. [PMID: 36737845 PMCID: PMC10131860 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seeking clean energy as an alternative to traditional fossil fuels is the inevitable choice to realize the sustainable development of the society. Photocatalytic technique is considered a promising energy conversion approach to store the abundant solar energy into other wieldy energy carriers like chemical energy. Carbon dots, as a class of fascinating carbon nanomaterials, have already become the hotspots in numerous photoelectric researching fields and particularly drawn keen interests as metal-free photocatalysts owing to strong UV-vis optical absorption, tunable energy-level configuration, superior charge transfer ability, excellent physicochemical stability, facile fabrication, low toxicity, and high solubility. In this review, the classification, microstructures, general synthetic methods, optical and photoelectrical properties of carbon dots are systematically summarized. In addition, recent advances of carbon dots based photoinduced reactions including photodegradation, photocatalytic hydrogen generation, CO2 conversion, N2 fixation, and photochemical synthesis are highlighted in detail, deep insights into the roles of carbon dots in various systems combining with the photocatalytic mechanisms are provided. Finally, several critical issues remaining in photocatalysis field are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Qingsen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐guSeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Songyuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Chongming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
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16
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Hong Q, Wang Y, Wang R, Chen Z, Yang H, Yu K, Liu Y, Huang H, Kang Z, Menezes PW. In Situ Coupling of Carbon Dots with Co-ZIF Nanoarrays Enabling Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206723. [PMID: 36592427 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are regarded as one promising class of precatalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet most of them suffer from poor conductivity and lack of coordinatively unsaturated metal sites, which hinders the fast electrochemical reconstruction and thus a poor OER activity. To address this issue, a unique heterocomposite has been constructed by in situ inserting carbon dots (CDs) into cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (Co-ZIF) nanosheet arrays (Co-ZIF/CDs/CC) in the presence of carbon cloth (CC) via one-pot coprecipitation for alkaline OER. Benefiting from the synergism between CDs and Co-ZIF subunits such as superior conductivity, strong charge interaction as well as abundant metal sites exposure, the Co-ZIF/CDs/CC exhibits an enhanced promotion effect for OER and contributes to the deep phase transformation from CDs-coupled Co-ZIF to CDs-coupled active CoOOH. As expected, the achieved Co-ZIF/CDs/CC only requires an overpotential of 226 mV to deliver 10 mA cm-2 in 1.0 M KOH, which is lower than that of Co-ZIF/CC and superior to most previously reported CC-supported MOF precatalysts. Moreover, it can also maintain a large current density of 100 mA cm-2 for 24 h with negligible activity decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hong
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yingming Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic and Nanoelectronic Materials and Its Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215009, China
| | - Ziliang Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Prashanth W Menezes
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Material Chemistry Group for Thin Film Catalysis-CatLab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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