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Cattani S, Pandit NK, Buccio M, Balestri D, Ackermann L, Cera G. Iron-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation/Ring Opening with Vinylbenzofurans Enabled by Triazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404319. [PMID: 38785101 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
We report an unprecedented iron-catalyzed C-H annulation using readily available 2-vinylbenzofurans as the reaction pattern. The redox-neutral strategy, based on cheap, non-toxic, and earth-abundant iron catalysts, exploits triazole assistance to promote a cascade C-H alkylation, benzofuran ring-opening and insertion into a Fe-N bond, to form highly functionalized isoquinolones. Detailed mechanistic studies supported by DFT calculations fully disclosed the manifold of the iron catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cattani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Neeraj Kumar Pandit
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michele Buccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Balestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Baruah MJ, Dutta R, Zaki MEA, Bania KK. Heterogeneous Iron-Based Catalysts for Organic Transformation Reactions: A Brief Overview. Molecules 2024; 29:3177. [PMID: 38999129 PMCID: PMC11243350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is considered to be one of the most significant elements due to its wide applications. Recent years have witnessed a burgeoning interest in Fe catalysis as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to noble metal catalysis in organic synthesis. The abundance and low toxicity of Fe, coupled with its competitive reactivity and selectivity, underscore its appeal for sustainable synthesis. A lot of catalytic reactions have been performed using heterogeneous catalysts of Fe oxide hybridized with support systems like aluminosilicates, clays, carbonized materials, metal oxides or polymeric matrices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in Fe-catalyzed organic transformation reactions. Highlighted areas include cross-coupling reactions, C-H activation, asymmetric catalysis, and cascade processes, showcasing the versatility of Fe across a spectrum of synthetic methodologies. Emphasis is placed on mechanistic insights, elucidating the underlying principles governing iron-catalyzed reactions. Challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed, providing a roadmap for future research endeavors. Overall, this review illuminates the transformative potential of Fe catalysis in driving innovation and sustainability in organic chemistry, with implications for drug discovery, materials science, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manash J Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, DCB Girls' College, Jorhat 785001, Assam, India
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Rupjyoti Dutta
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kusum K Bania
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
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Simon H, Zangarelli A, Bauch T, Ackermann L. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Late-Stage Incorporation of N-Aryl Triazoles and Tetrazoles with Sulfonium Salts via C-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402060. [PMID: 38618872 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The late-stage functionalization of active pharmaceutical ingredients is a key challenge in medicinal chemistry. Furthermore, N-aryl triazoles and tetrazoles are important structural motifs with the potential to boost the activity of diverse drug molecules. Using easily accessible dibenzothiophenium salts for the ruthenium-catalyzed C-H arylation, these scaffolds were introduced into a variety of bioactive compounds. Our methodology uses cost-efficient ruthenium, KOAc as a mild base and gives access to a plethora of highly decorated triazole and tetrazole containing drug derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Agnese Zangarelli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tristan Bauch
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Sonawane SC, Sabharwal G, Balakrishna MS. Cu I-Amidobis(phosphine)-Catalyzed Direct Amidation of Unactivated Alkanes via C(sp 3)-H Activation. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38804572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an acid-base-free, sustainable, and efficient method for direct amidation of unactivated alkanes and toluene derivatives, using the dimeric CuI complex [CuI{o-Ph2PC6H4CONC6H4PPh2-o}2] (here onward referred to as [PNP-Cu]2). Using this method, C(sp3)-N bond formation was achieved through the activation of very challenging C(sp3)-H bonds in cycloalkanes, alkenes, allyl groups, and benzyl groups, with tolerance toward ketonic groups, heterocycles, and halide functionalities. One of the precatalysts, (PNHP-Cu-Npht) was isolated and structurally characterized. Isomerization in allyl-functionalized alkanes and selective benzylic alkylation in ketones were observed. This is a novel method for C(sp3)-N bond formation via direct N-alkylation of phthalimide, sulfonamide, benzamide, and phosphamidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin C Sonawane
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Gazal Sabharwal
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Maravanji S Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Zhou Q, Li B, Zhang X, Fan X. C-H activation-initiated spiroannulation reactions and their applications in the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2324-2338. [PMID: 38391295 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02056h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Spirocyclic skeletons are prevalent in natural products, pharmaceuticals and organic functional materials. Meanwhile, transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation reactions have demonstrated unparalleled advantages such as high efficiency, excellent atom-economy, good chemoselectivity and regioselectivity for the formation of target organic molecules. In recent years, C-H activation reactions have been creatively utilized in the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds. This review summarizes the most recent progress made in C-H activation-initiated spiroannulation reactions and their applications in the construction of structurally diverse and biologically valuable spirocyclic scaffolds by using alkynes, diazo compounds, maleimides, alkenes, quinones and cyclopropenones as the coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xuesen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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