1
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Clarke TB, Krushinski LE, Vannoy KJ, Colón-Quintana G, Roy K, Rana A, Renault C, Hill ML, Dick JE. Single Entity Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9015-9080. [PMID: 39018111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Making a measurement over millions of nanoparticles or exposed crystal facets seldom reports on reactivity of a single nanoparticle or facet, which may depart drastically from ensemble measurements. Within the past 30 years, science has moved toward studying the reactivity of single atoms, molecules, and nanoparticles, one at a time. This shift has been fueled by the realization that everything changes at the nanoscale, especially important industrially relevant properties like those important to electrocatalysis. Studying single nanoscale entities, however, is not trivial and has required the development of new measurement tools. This review explores a tale of the clever use of old and new measurement tools to study electrocatalysis at the single entity level. We explore in detail the complex interrelationship between measurement method, electrocatalytic material, and reaction of interest (e.g., carbon dioxide reduction, oxygen reduction, hydrazine oxidation, etc.). We end with our perspective on the future of single entity electrocatalysis with a key focus on what types of measurements present the greatest opportunity for fundamental discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynn E Krushinski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Kingshuk Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashutosh Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christophe Renault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Megan L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Gentner C, Rogez B, Robert HML, Aggoun A, Tessier G, Bon P, Berto P. Enhanced Quantitative Wavefront Imaging for Nano-Object Characterization. ACS NANO 2024; 18:19247-19256. [PMID: 38981602 PMCID: PMC11271181 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging enables precise and label-free characterizations of individual nano-objects within a large volume, without a priori knowledge of the sample or imaging system. While emerging common path implementations are simple enough to promise a broad dissemination, their phase sensitivity still falls short of precisely estimating the mass or polarizability of vesicles, viruses, or nanoparticles in single-shot acquisitions. In this paper, we revisit the Zernike filtering concept, originally crafted for intensity-only detectors, with the aim of adapting it to wavefront imaging. We demonstrate, through numerical simulation and experiments based on high-resolution wavefront sensing, that a simple Fourier-plane add-on can significantly enhance phase sensitivity for subdiffraction objects─achieving over an order of magnitude increase (×12)─while allowing the quantitative retrieval of both intensity and phase. This advancement allows for more precise nano-object detection and metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Gentner
- Institut
de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7210, Inserm-UMR
S968, Paris 75012, France
| | - Benoit Rogez
- Institut
de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7210, Inserm-UMR
S968, Paris 75012, France
- L2n,
Université de technologie de Troyes, CNRS-UMR 7076, Troyes 10004, France
| | - Hadrien M. L. Robert
- Institut
de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7210, Inserm-UMR
S968, Paris 75012, France
| | - Anis Aggoun
- Institut
de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7210, Inserm-UMR
S968, Paris 75012, France
| | - Gilles Tessier
- Institut
de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7210, Inserm-UMR
S968, Paris 75012, France
| | - Pierre Bon
- Université
de Limoges, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, Limoges 87000, France
| | - Pascal Berto
- Institut
de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7210, Inserm-UMR
S968, Paris 75012, France
- Université
Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris 75231, France
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3
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Saqib M, Zafar M, Halawa MI, Murtaza S, Kamal GM, Xu G. Nanoscale Luminescence Imaging/Detection of Single Particles: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2024; 4:3-24. [PMID: 38404493 PMCID: PMC10885340 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Single-particle-level measurements, during the reaction, avoid averaging effects that are inherent limitations of conventional ensemble strategies. It allows revealing structure-activity relationships beyond averaged properties by considering crucial particle-selective descriptors including structure/morphology dynamics, intrinsic heterogeneity, and dynamic fluctuations in reactivity (kinetics, mechanisms). In recent years, numerous luminescence (optical) techniques such as chemiluminescence (CL), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), and fluorescence (FL) microscopies have been emerging as dominant tools to achieve such measurements, owing to their diversified spectroscopy principles, noninvasive nature, higher sensitivity, and sufficient spatiotemporal resolution. Correspondingly, state-of-the-art methodologies and tools are being used for probing (real-time, operando, in situ) diverse applications of single particles in sensing, medicine, and catalysis. Herein, we provide a concise and comprehensive perspective on luminescence-based detection and imaging of single particles by putting special emphasis on their basic principles, mechanistic pathways, advances, challenges, and key applications. This Perspective focuses on the development of emission intensities and imaging based individual particle detection. Moreover, several key examples in the areas of sensing, motion, catalysis, energy, materials, and emerging trends in related areas are documented. We finally conclude with the opportunities and remaining challenges to stimulate further developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University
of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Zafar
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University
of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Halawa
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, United
Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Shahzad Murtaza
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University
of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Kamal
- Institute
of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University
of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Guobao Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, 5625 Renmin
Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- School
of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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4
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Chen Q, Zhao J, Deng X, Shan Y, Peng Y. Single-Entity Electrochemistry of Nano- and Microbubbles in Electrolytic Gas Evolution. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6153-6163. [PMID: 35762985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gas bubbles are found in diverse electrochemical processes, ranging from electrolytic water splitting to chlor-alkali electrolysis, as well as photoelectrochemical processes. Understanding the intricate influence of bubble evolution on the electrode processes and mass transport is key to the rational design of efficient devices for electrolytic energy conversion and thus requires precise measurement and analysis of individual gas bubbles. In this Perspective, we review the latest advances in single-entity measurement of gas bubbles on electrodes, covering the approaches of voltammetric and galvanostatic studies based on nanoelectrodes, probing bubble evolution using scanning probe electrochemistry with spatial information, and monitoring the transient nature of nanobubble formation and dynamics with opto-electrochemical imaging. We emphasize the intrinsic and quantitative physicochemical interpretation of single gas bubbles from electrochemical data, highlighting the fundamental understanding of the heterogeneous nucleation, dynamic state of the three-phase boundary, and the correlation between electrolytic bubble dynamics and nanocatalyst activities. In addition, a brief discussion of future perspectives is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoli Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yun Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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5
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Lemineur JF, Wang H, Wang W, Kanoufi F. Emerging Optical Microscopy Techniques for Electrochemistry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2022; 15:57-82. [PMID: 35216529 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-015943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An optical microscope is probably the most intuitive, simple, and commonly used instrument to observe objects and discuss behaviors through images. Although the idea of imaging electrochemical processes operando by optical microscopy was initiated 40 years ago, it was not until significant progress was made in the last two decades in advanced optical microscopy or plasmonics that it could become a mainstream electroanalytical strategy. This review illustrates the potential of different optical microscopies to visualize and quantify local electrochemical processes with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution (below the diffraction limit), up to the single object level with subnanoparticle or single-molecule sensitivity. Developed through optically and electrochemically active model systems, optical microscopy is now shifting to materials and configurations focused on real-world electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China;
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6
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Deng Z, Renault C. Unravelling the last milliseconds of an individual graphene nanoplatelet before impact with a Pt surface by bipolar electrochemistry. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12494-12500. [PMID: 34603681 PMCID: PMC8480341 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03646g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Contactless interactions of micro/nano-particles near electrochemically or chemically active interfaces are ubiquitous in chemistry and biochemistry. Forces arising from a convective field, an electric field or chemical gradients act on different scales ranging from few microns down to few nanometers making their study difficult. Here, we correlated optical microscopy and electrochemical measurements to track at the millisecond timescale the dynamics of individual two-dimensional particles, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), when approaching an electrified Pt micro-interface. Our original approach takes advantage of the bipolar feedback current recorded when a conducting particle approaches an electrified surface without electrical contact and numerical simulations to access the velocity of individual GNPs. We evidenced a strong deceleration of GNPs from few tens of μm s-1 down to few μm s-1 within the last μm above the surface. This observation reveals the existence of strongly non-uniform forces between tens of and a thousand nanometers from the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Deng
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Christophe Renault
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
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7
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Pan S, Li X, Yadav J. Single-nanoparticle spectroelectrochemistry studies enabled by localized surface plasmon resonance. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19120-19129. [PMID: 34524292 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02801d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent progress of spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) analysis of single metallic nanoparticles (NPs) which have strong surface plasmon resonance properties. Dark-field scattering (DFS), photoluminescence (PL), and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) are three commonly used optical methods to detect individual NPs and investigate their local redox activities in an electrochemical cell. These SEC methods are highly dependent on a strong light-scattering cross-section of plasmonic metals and their electrocatalytic characteristics. The surface chemistry and the catalyzed reaction mechanism of single NPs and their chemical transformations can be studied using these SEC methods. Recent progress in the experimental design and fundamental understanding of single-NP electrochemistry and catalyzed reactions using DFS, PL, and ECL is described along with selected examples from recent publications in this field. Perspectives on the challenges and possible solutions for these SEC methods and potential new directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Jeetika Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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8
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Ciocci P, Lemineur JF, Noël JM, Combellas C, Kanoufi F. Differentiating electrochemically active regions of indium tin oxide electrodes for hydrogen evolution and reductive decomposition reactions. An in situ optical microscopy approach. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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9
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Zhao W, Chen HY, Xu JJ. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection of single entities. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5720-5736. [PMID: 34168801 PMCID: PMC8179668 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence, also known as electrochemiluminescence (ECL), is an electrochemically induced production of light by excited luminophores generated during redox reactions. It can be used to sense the charge transfer and related processes at electrodes via a simple visual readout; hence, ECL is an outstanding tool in analytical sensing. The traditional ECL approach measures averaged electrochemical quantities of a large ensemble of individual entities, including molecules, microstructures and ions. However, as a real system is usually heterogeneous, the study of single entities holds great potential in elucidating new truths of nature which are averaged out in ensemble assays or hidden in complex systems. We would like to review the development of ECL intensity and imaging based single entity detection and place emphasis on the assays of small entities including single molecules, micro/nanoparticles and cells. The current challenges for and perspectives on ECL detection of single entities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-89687294 +86-25-89687294
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-89687294 +86-25-89687294
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-89687294 +86-25-89687294
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10
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Lalisse A, Mohtar AA, Nguyen MC, Carminati R, Plain J, Tessier G. Quantitative Temperature Measurements in Gold Nanorods Using Digital Holography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10313-10320. [PMID: 33599478 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Temperature characterization and quantification at the nanoscale remain core challenges in applications based on photoinduced heating of nanoparticles. Here, we propose a new approach to obtain quantitative temperature measurements on individual nanoparticles by combining modulated photothermal stimulation and heterodyne digital holography. From full-field reconstructed holograms, the temperature is determined with a precision of 0.3 K via a simple approach without requiring any calibration or fitting parameters. As an application, the dependence of temperature on the aspect ratio of gold nanoparticles is investigated. A good agreement with numerical simulation is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Lalisse
- Laboratoire de Neurophotonique CNRS UMR8250, Université Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris, France
- Light, Nanomaterials, and Nanotechnology L2n, UTT and CNRS ERL 7004, 12 rue Marie Curie - CS 42060, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Abeer Al Mohtar
- Laboratoire de Neurophotonique CNRS UMR8250, Université Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris, France
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Minh Chau Nguyen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Carminati
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Plain
- Light, Nanomaterials, and Nanotechnology L2n, UTT and CNRS ERL 7004, 12 rue Marie Curie - CS 42060, 10004 Troyes, France
| | - Gilles Tessier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France
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11
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Yuan T, Wei W, Jiang W, Wang W. Vertical Diffusion of Ions within Single Particles during Electrochemical Charging. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3522-3528. [PMID: 33560133 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Determining the trajectory of ionic transport and diffusion within single electroactive nanomaterials is critical for understanding the charging kinetics and capacity fading associated with ion batteries, with implications for rational design of excellent-performance electrode materials. While the horizontal pathway of mass transport has been feasibly investigated by optical superlocalization methods and electron microscopes, determination on the vertical trajectory has proven a more challenging task. Herein, we developed dual-angle total internal reflection microscopy by simultaneously introducing different angle-dependent illumination depths to trace the optical centroid shifts of nano-objects in the vertical dimension. We first demonstrated the proof of concept by resolving the vertical moving trails of a nanosphere doing Brownian motion and subsequently explored the picture of mass transport in the interior of single Prussian blue (PB) particles during electrochemical cycling. The results indicated that the vertical centroids of single PB particles remained unchanged when ions were inserted or extracted, suggesting an outside-in ionic transport pathway instead of bottom-up trajectory that one would intuitively expect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinglian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenxuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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12
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Pendergast AD, Deng Z, Maroun F, Renault C, Dick JE. Revealing Dynamic Rotation of Single Graphene Nanoplatelets on Electrified Microinterfaces. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1250-1258. [PMID: 33325229 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles interact with a variety of interfaces, from cell walls for medicinal applications to conductive interfaces for energy storage and conversion applications. Unfortunately, quantifying dynamic changes of nanoparticles near interfaces is difficult. While optical techniques exist to study nanoparticle dynamics, motions smaller than the diffraction limit are difficult to quantify. Single-entity electrochemistry has high sensitivity, but the technique suffers from ambiguity in the entity's size, morphology, and collision location. Here, we combine optical microscopy, single-entity electrochemistry, and numerical simulations to elucidate the dynamic motion of graphene nanoplatelets at a gold ultramicroelectrode (radius ∼5 μm). The approach of conductive graphene nanoplatelets, suspended in 10 μM NaOH, to an ultramicroelectrode surface was tracked optically during the continuous oxidation of ferrocenemethanol. Optical microscopy confirmed the nanoplatelet size, morphology, and collision location on the ultramicroelectrode. Nanoplatelets collided on the ultramicroelectrode at an angle, θ, enhancing the electroactive area, resulting in a sharp increase in current. After the collision, the nanoplatelets reoriented to lay flat on the electrode surface, which manifested as a return to the baseline current in the amperometric current-time response. Through correlated finite element simulations, we extracted single nanoplatelet angular velocities on the order of 0.5-2°/ms. These results are a necessary step forward in understanding nanoparticle dynamics at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Pendergast
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zejun Deng
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Fouad Maroun
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Christophe Renault
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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13
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Edgecomb J, Xie X, Shao Y, El-Khoury PZ, Johnson GE, Prabhakaran V. Mapping Localized Peroxyl Radical Generation on a PEM Fuel Cell Catalyst Using Integrated Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microspectroscopy. Front Chem 2020; 8:572563. [PMID: 33195059 PMCID: PMC7609508 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.572563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding molecular-level transformations resulting from electrochemical reactions is important in designing efficient and reliable energy technologies. In this work, a novel integrated scanning electrochemical cell microspectroscopy (iSECCMS) capability is developed by combining a high spatial resolution electrochemical scanning probe with in situ fluorescence spectroscopy. Using 6-carboxyfluorescein as a fluorescent probe, the iSECCMS platform is employed to measure the effect of the detrimental generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed at the active sites of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. Carbon-supported tantalum-doped titanium oxide (TaTiOx) catalysts, a potential Pt-group-metal-free (PGM-free) cathode material explored for low temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), is used as a representative model ORR system, where generation of intermediate H2O2 instead of fully oxidized H2O is a major concern. We establish that the iSECCMS platform provides a novel and versatile capability for spatially resolved mapping of in situ ROS generation and activity during the kinetically-limited ORR and may, therefore, aid the future characterization and development of high-performance PGM-free PEFC cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Grant E. Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
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14
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Observing atomic layer electrodeposition on single nanocrystals surface by dark field spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2518. [PMID: 32433462 PMCID: PMC7239926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Underpotential deposition offers a predominant way to tailor the electronic structure of the catalytic surface at the atomic level, which is key to engineering materials with a high activity for (electro)catalysis. However, it remains challenging to precisely control and directly probe the underpotential deposition of a (sub)monolayer of atoms on nanoparticle surfaces. In this work, we in situ observe silver electrodeposited on gold nanocrystals surface from sub-monolayer to one monolayer by designing a highly sensitive electrochemical dark field scattering setup. The spectral variation is used to reconstruct the optical “cyclic voltammogram” of every single nanocrystal for understanding the underpotential deposition process on nanocrystals, which cannot be achieved by any other methods but are essential for creating novel nanomaterials. Underpotential deposition (UPD) is important to modify the surface properties of nanocrystals. Here, the authors show the application of in situ electrochemical dark field spectroscopy in identifying the UPD processes of silver on different facets of gold nanocrystals at the single nanoparticle level.
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15
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Fu K, Kwon SR, Han D, Bohn PW. Single Entity Electrochemistry in Nanopore Electrode Arrays: Ion Transport Meets Electron Transfer in Confined Geometries. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:719-728. [PMID: 31990518 PMCID: PMC8020881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical measurements conducted in confined volumes provide a powerful and direct means to address scientific questions at the nexus of nanoscience, biotechnology, and chemical analysis. How are electron transfer and ion transport coupled in confined volumes and how does understanding them require moving beyond macroscopic theories? Also, how do these coupled processes impact electrochemical detection and processing? We address these questions by studying a special type of confined-volume architecture, the nanopore electrode array, or NEA, which is designed to be commensurate in size with physical scaling lengths, such as the Debye length, a concordance that offers performance characteristics not available in larger scale structures.The experiments described here depend critically on carefully constructed nanoscale architectures that can usefully control molecular transport and electrochemical reactivity. We begin by considering the experimental constraints that guide the design and fabrication of zero-dimensional nanopore arrays with multiple embedded electrodes. These zero-dimensional structures are nearly ideal for exploring how permselectivity and unscreened ion migration can be combined to amplify signals and improve selectivity by enabling highly efficient redox cycling. Our studies also highlight the benefits of arrays, in that molecules escaping from a single nanopore are efficiently captured by neighboring pores and returned to the population of active redox species being measured, benefits that arise from coupling ion accumulation and migration. These tools for manipulating redox species are well-positioned to explore single molecule and single particle electron transfer events through spectroelectrochemistry, studies which are enabled by the electrochemical zero-mode waveguide (ZMW), a special hybrid nanophotonic/nanoelectronic architecture in which the lower ring electrode of an NEA nanopore functions both as a working electrode to initiate electron transfer reactions and as the optical cladding layer of a ZMW. While the work described here is largely exploratory and fundamental, we believe that the development of NEAs will enable important applications that emerge directly from the unique coupled transport and electron-transfer capabilities of NEAs, including in situ molecular separation and detection with external stimuli, redox-based electrochemical rectification in individually encapsulated nanopores, and coupled sorters and analyzers for nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94306
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94306
| | - Seung-Ryong Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Donghoon Han
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Paul W. Bohn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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16
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Noël JM, Miranda Vieira M, Brasiliense V, Lemineur JF, Combellas C, Kanoufi F. Effect of the driving force on nanoparticles growth and shape: an opto-electrochemical study. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:3227-3235. [PMID: 31967631 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09419a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most protocols developed to synthesize nanoparticles (NPs) and to control their shape are inspired from nucleation and growth theories. However, to rationalize the mechanisms of the shape-selective synthesis of NPs, experimental strategies allowing to probe in situ the growth of NPs are needed. Herein, metal Au or Ag nanoparticles (NPs) are produced by reaction of a metallic ion precursor with a reversible redox reducer. The process is explored by an oxidative electrosynthesis strategy using a sacrificial Au or Ag ultramicroelectrode to both trigger the metallic ion generation and control the local concentrations of the different reactants. The effect of the driving force for the metallic ion reduction over metal NP growth dynamics is inspected in situ and in real time at the single NP level by high-resolution optical microscopy from the tracking of the Brownian trajectories of the growing NPs in solution. The NP reductive growth/oxidative etching thermodynamics, and consequently the NP shape, are shown to be controlled electrochemically by the reversible redox couple, while the intervention of an Au(i) intermediate ion is suggested to account for the formation of gold nanocubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Noël
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue J.A. de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | | | - Vitor Brasiliense
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue J.A. de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | | | - Catherine Combellas
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue J.A. de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue J.A. de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France.
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17
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Touzalin T, Joiret S, Lucas IT, Maisonhaute E. Electrochemical tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy imaging with 8 nm lateral resolution. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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18
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Guerret-Legras L, Audibert J, Ojeda IG, Dubacheva G, Miomandre F. Combined SECM-fluorescence microscopy using a water-soluble electrofluorochromic dye as the redox mediator. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Optical Nanoimpacts of Dielectric and Metallic Nanoparticles on Gold Surface by Reflectance Microscopy: Adsorption or Bouncing? JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-019-00099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Qiu K, Fato TP, Wang PY, Long YT. Real-time monitoring of electrochemical reactions on single nanoparticles by dark-field and Raman microscopy. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3809-3814. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05141k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dark-field and Raman microscopy to probe the single NP electrochemistry in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaipei Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Tano Patrice Fato
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Pei-Yao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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21
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Cui C, Chen Y, Jiang D, Chen HY, Zhang J, Zhu JJ. Steady-State Electrochemiluminescence at Single Semiconductive Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Local Sensing of Single Cells. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1121-1125. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Jianrong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
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22
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Brasiliense V, Berto P, Aubertin P, Maisonhaute E, Combellas C, Tessier G, Courty A, Kanoufi F. Light Driven Design of Dynamical Thermosensitive Plasmonic Superstructures: A Bottom-Up Approach Using Silver Supercrystals. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10833-10842. [PMID: 30346722 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
When narrowly distributed silver nanoparticles (NPs) are functionalized by dodecanethiol, they acquire the ability to self-organize in organic solvents into 3D supercrystals (SCs). The NP surface chemistry is shown to introduce a light-driven thermomigration effect, thermophoresis. Using a laser beam to heat the NPs and generate steep thermal gradients, the migration effect is triggered dynamically, leading to tailored structures with high density of plasmonic hot spots. This work describes how to manipulate the hot spots and monitor the effect by holography, thus providing a complete characterization of the migration process on a single object basis. Extensive single object tracking strategies are employed to measure the SCs trajectories, evaluate their size, drift velocity magnitude and direction, allowing the identification of the physical chemical origins of the migration. The phenomenon is shown to happen as a result of the combination of thermophoresis (at short length scales) and convection (long-range), and does not require a metallic substrate. This constitutes a fully optical method to dynamically generate plasmonic platforms in situ and on demand, without requiring substrate nanostructuration and with minimal interference on the chemistry of the system. The importance of the proof-of-concept herein described stems from the numerous potential applications, spanning over a variety of fields such as microfluidics and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Brasiliense
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J. A. Baif , F-75013 Paris , France
| | - Pascal Berto
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS-UMR 8250, 45 rue des Saints-Pères , F-75006 Paris , France
| | - Pierre Aubertin
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, CNRS-UMR 8235, 4 place Jussieu , F-75005 Paris France
| | - Emmanuel Maisonhaute
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, CNRS-UMR 8235, 4 place Jussieu , F-75005 Paris France
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J. A. Baif , F-75013 Paris , France
| | - Gilles Tessier
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS-UMR 8250, 45 rue des Saints-Pères , F-75006 Paris , France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 11 Rue Moreau , F-75011 Paris France
| | - Alexa Courty
- Sorbonne Université Laboratoire MONARIS, CNRS-UMR 8233, 4 place Jussieu , F-75005 Paris France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J. A. Baif , F-75013 Paris , France
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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24
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Sundaresan V, Monaghan JW, Willets KA. Monitoring Simultaneous Electrochemical Reactions with Single Particle Imaging. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundaresan
- Department of ChemistryTemple University 1901 N 13th Street Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Joseph W. Monaghan
- Department of ChemistryTemple University 1901 N 13th Street Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Katherine A. Willets
- Department of ChemistryTemple University 1901 N 13th Street Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
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25
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Brasiliense V, Noël J, Wonner K, Tschulik K, Combellas C, Kanoufi F. Single Nanoparticle Growth from Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis: From Monte Carlo Simulations to Nanoparticle Electrogeneration. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Brasiliense
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris DiderotITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf F-75013 Paris France
- Northwestern University Department of Chemistry 2145 Sheridan Rd. 60208 Evanston IL USA
| | - Jean‐Marc Noël
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris DiderotITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf F-75013 Paris France
| | - Kevin Wonner
- Ruhr-University BochumChair of Analytical Chemistry II and Centre for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), ZEMOS Bochum 44801 Germany
| | - Kristina Tschulik
- Ruhr-University BochumChair of Analytical Chemistry II and Centre for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), ZEMOS Bochum 44801 Germany
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris DiderotITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf F-75013 Paris France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris DiderotITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf F-75013 Paris France
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26
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Brasiliense V, Clausmeyer J, Berto P, Tessier G, Combellas C, Schuhmann W, Kanoufi F. Monitoring Cobalt-Oxide Single Particle Electrochemistry with Subdiffraction Accuracy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7341-7348. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Brasiliense
- Université
Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS,
CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Pascal Berto
- Université
Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Neurophotonics
Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8250, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Tessier
- Université
Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Neurophotonics
Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8250, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Université
Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS,
CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Université
Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS,
CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
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27
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Wusimanjiang Y, Ma Y, Lee M, Pan S. Single gold nanoparticle electrode for electrogenerated chemiluminescence and dark field scattering spectroelectrochemistry. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Sokolov SV, Eloul S, Kätelhön E, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Electrode-particle impacts: a users guide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:28-43. [PMID: 27918031 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07788a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive guide to nano-impact experiments, in which we introduce newcomers to this rapidly-developing field of research. Central questions are answered regarding required experimental set-ups, categories of materials that can be detected, and the theoretical frameworks enabling the analysis of experimental data. Commonly-encountered issues are considered and presented alongside methods for their solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav V Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Shaltiel Eloul
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Enno Kätelhön
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Richard G Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
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29
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Fu K, Bohn PW. Nanopore Electrochemistry: A Nexus for Molecular Control of Electron Transfer Reactions. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:20-29. [PMID: 29392173 PMCID: PMC5785767 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pore-based structures occur widely in living organisms. Ion channels embedded in cell membranes, for example, provide pathways, where electron and proton transfer are coupled to the exchange of vital molecules. Learning from mother nature, a recent surge in activity has focused on artificial nanopore architectures to effect electrochemical transformations not accessible in larger structures. Here, we highlight these exciting advances. Starting with a brief overview of nanopore electrodes, including the early history and development of nanopore sensing based on nanopore-confined electrochemistry, we address the core concepts and special characteristics of nanopores in electron transfer. We describe nanopore-based electrochemical sensing and processing, discuss performance limits and challenges, and conclude with an outlook for next-generation nanopore electrode sensing platforms and the opportunities they present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Fu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Paul W. Bohn
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- E-mail: . Tel: +1 574 631 1849. Fax: +1 574 631 8366
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30
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Yu Y, Sundaresan V, Bandyopadhyay S, Zhang Y, Edwards MA, McKelvey K, White HS, Willets KA. Three-Dimensional Super-resolution Imaging of Single Nanoparticles Delivered by Pipettes. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10529-10538. [PMID: 28968077 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Controlled three-dimensional positioning of nanoparticles is achieved by delivering single fluorescent nanoparticles from a nanopipette and capturing them at well-defined regions of an electrified substrate. To control the position of single nanoparticles, the force of the pressure-driven flow from the pipette is balanced by the attractive electrostatic force at the substrate, providing a strategy by which nanoparticle trajectories can be manipulated in real time. To visualize nanoparticle motion, a resistive-pulse electrochemical setup is coupled with an optical microscope, and nanoparticle trajectories are tracked in three dimensions using super-resolution fluorescence imaging to obtain positional information with precision in the tens of nanometers. As the particles approach the substrate, the diffusion kinetics are analyzed and reveal either subdiffusive (hindered) or superdiffusive (directed) motion depending on the electric field at the substrate and the pressure-driven flow from the pipette. By balancing the effects of the forces exerted on the particle by the pressure and electric fields, controlled, real-time manipulation of single nanoparticle trajectories is achieved. The developed approach has implications for a variety of applications such as surface patterning and drug delivery using colloidal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Vignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | | | - Yulun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Martin A Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kim McKelvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Henry S White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Katherine A Willets
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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31
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Stockmann TJ, Angelé L, Brasiliense V, Combellas C, Kanoufi F. Platinum Nanoparticle Impacts at a Liquid|Liquid Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Jane Stockmann
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086; 15 rue J. A. Baif 75013 Paris France
| | - Léo Angelé
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086; 15 rue J. A. Baif 75013 Paris France
| | - Vitor Brasiliense
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086; 15 rue J. A. Baif 75013 Paris France
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086; 15 rue J. A. Baif 75013 Paris France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086; 15 rue J. A. Baif 75013 Paris France
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32
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Stockmann TJ, Angelé L, Brasiliense V, Combellas C, Kanoufi F. Platinum Nanoparticle Impacts at a Liquid|Liquid Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13493-13497. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Jane Stockmann
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086; 15 rue J. A. Baif 75013 Paris France
| | - Léo Angelé
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086; 15 rue J. A. Baif 75013 Paris France
| | - Vitor Brasiliense
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086; 15 rue J. A. Baif 75013 Paris France
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086; 15 rue J. A. Baif 75013 Paris France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris Diderot University, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, CNRS-UMR 7086; 15 rue J. A. Baif 75013 Paris France
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33
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Peljo P, Scanlon MD, Olaya AJ, Rivier L, Smirnov E, Girault HH. Redox Electrocatalysis of Floating Nanoparticles: Determining Electrocatalytic Properties without the Influence of Solid Supports. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3564-3575. [PMID: 28707892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox electrocatalysis (catalysis of electron-transfer reactions by floating conductive particles) is discussed from the point-of-view of Fermi level equilibration, and an overall theoretical framework is given. Examples of redox electrocatalysis in solution, in bipolar configuration, and at liquid-liquid interfaces are provided, highlighting that bipolar and liquid-liquid interfacial systems allow the study of the electrocatalytic properties of particles without effects from the support, but only liquid-liquid interfaces allow measurement of the electrocatalytic current directly. Additionally, photoinduced redox electrocatalysis will be of interest, for example, to achieve water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Peljo
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Micheál D Scanlon
- Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL) , Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Astrid J Olaya
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Rivier
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Evgeny Smirnov
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Hubert H Girault
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
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Brasiliense V, Clausmeyer J, Dauphin AL, Noël JM, Berto P, Tessier G, Schuhmann W, Kanoufi F. Optoelektrochemische In-situ-Beobachtung der kathodischen Abscheidung einzelner Cobaltnanopartikel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Brasiliense
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086; 15 rue J. de Baïf 75013 Paris Frankreich
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences, CES; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
- University of Texas at Austin; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; 105 E 24th St. Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Alice L. Dauphin
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086; 15 rue J. de Baïf 75013 Paris Frankreich
| | - Jean-Marc Noël
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086; 15 rue J. de Baïf 75013 Paris Frankreich
| | - Pascal Berto
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes; Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8250; 45 Rue des Saints Pères 75006 Paris Frankreich
| | - Gilles Tessier
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes; Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8250; 45 Rue des Saints Pères 75006 Paris Frankreich
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences, CES; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Fréderic Kanoufi
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086; 15 rue J. de Baïf 75013 Paris Frankreich
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Brasiliense V, Clausmeyer J, Dauphin AL, Noël JM, Berto P, Tessier G, Schuhmann W, Kanoufi F. Opto-electrochemical In Situ Monitoring of the Cathodic Formation of Single Cobalt Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [PMID: 28628267 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-particle electrochemistry at a nanoelectrode is explored by dark-field optical microscopy. The analysis of the scattered light allows in situ dynamic monitoring of the electrodeposition of single cobalt nanoparticles down to a radius of 65 nm. Larger sub-micrometer particles are directly sized optically by super-localization of the edges and the scattered light contains complementary information concerning the particle redox chemistry. This opto-electrochemical approach is used to derive mechanistic insights about electrocatalysis that are not accessible from single-particle electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Brasiliense
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue J. de Baïf, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences, CES, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Present address: University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 105 E 24th St. Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Alice L Dauphin
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue J. de Baïf, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Noël
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue J. de Baïf, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Berto
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8250, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Tessier
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8250, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences, CES, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fréderic Kanoufi
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue J. de Baïf, 75013, Paris, France
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Peljo P, Manzanares JA, Girault HH. Variation of the Fermi level and the electrostatic force of a metallic nanoparticle upon colliding with an electrode. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4795-4803. [PMID: 28959401 PMCID: PMC5602143 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
When a metallic nanoparticle (NP) comes in close contact with an electrode, its Fermi level equilibrates with that of the electrode if their separation is less than the cut-off distance for electron tunnelling. In the absence of chemical reactions in solution, the charge on the metallic nanoparticle is constant outside this range before or after the collision. However, the double layer capacitances of both the electrode and the NP are influenced by each other, varying as the function of distance. Because the charge on the nanoparticle is constant, the outer potential of the metallic NP and hence its Fermi level varies as the capacitance changes. This effect is more pronounced for small particles (<10 nm) in diluted supporting electrolyte solutions, especially if the metallic nanoparticle and the electrode have different potentials of zero charge. Nanoparticles were found to be more electrochemically active in the vicinity of the electrode. For example, the outer potential of a positively-polarized 2 nm radius NP was predicted to decrease by 35 mV or 100 mV (depending on the electrostatic model used to describe the electric double layer), when the NP moved from an electrode at 1 V (vs. its pzc) to the bulk. The force between the equilibrated NP and the electrode is always repulsive when they have the same pzc. Otherwise there can be an attraction even when the NP and the electrode carry charges of the same sign, due to the redistibution of surface charge density at both the NP and electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Peljo
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de l'Industrie 17 , CH-1951 Sion , Switzerland .
| | - José A Manzanares
- Department of Thermodynamics , Faculty of Physics , University of Valencia , c/Dr. Moliner, 50 , E-46100 Burjasot , Spain
| | - Hubert H Girault
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique (LEPA) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de l'Industrie 17 , CH-1951 Sion , Switzerland .
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Ustarroz J, Kang M, Bullions E, Unwin PR. Impact and oxidation of single silver nanoparticles at electrode surfaces: one shot versus multiple events. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1841-1853. [PMID: 28553474 PMCID: PMC5424807 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04483b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nanoparticle (NP) electrochemical impacts is a rapidly expanding field of fundamental electrochemistry, with applications from electrocatalysis to electroanalysis. These studies, which involve monitoring the electrochemical (usually current-time, I-t) response when a NP from solution impacts with a collector electrode, have the scope to provide considerable information on the properties of individual NPs. Taking the widely studied oxidative dissolution of individual silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as an important example, we present measurements with unprecedented noise (< 5 pA) and time resolution (time constant 100 μs) that are highly revealing of Ag NP dissolution dynamics. Whereas Ag NPs of diameter, d = 10 nm are mostly dissolved in a single event (on the timescale of the measurements), a wide variety of complex processes operate for NPs of larger diameter (d ≥ 20 nm). Detailed quantitative analysis of the I-t features, consumed charge, event duration and impact frequency leads to a major conclusion: Ag NPs undergo sequential partial stripping (oxidative dissolution) events, where a fraction of a NP is electrochemically oxidized, followed by the NP drifting away and back to the tunnelling region before the next partial stripping event. As a consequence, analysis of the charge consumed by single events (so-called "impact coulometry") cannot be used as a general method to determine the size of colloidal NPs. However, a proper analysis of the I-t responses provides highly valuable information on the transient physicochemical interactions between NPs and polarized surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ustarroz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF) , Pleinlaan 2 , 1050 Brussels , Belgium .
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Erin Bullions
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
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Zhou M, Yu Y, Hu K, Xin HL, Mirkin MV. Collisions of Ir Oxide Nanoparticles with Carbon Nanopipettes: Experiments with One Nanoparticle. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2880-2885. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College—CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Yun Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College—CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Keke Hu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College—CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Huolin L. Xin
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Michael V. Mirkin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College—CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
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Ying YL, Ding Z, Zhan D, Long YT. Advanced electroanalytical chemistry at nanoelectrodes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3338-3348. [PMID: 28507703 PMCID: PMC5416909 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00433h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoelectrodes, with dimensions below 100 nm, have the advantages of high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. These electrodes have attracted increasing attention in various fields such as single cell analysis, single-molecule detection, single particle characterization and high-resolution imaging. The rapid growth of novel nanoelectrodes and nanoelectrochemical methods brings enormous new opportunities in the field. In this perspective, we discuss the challenges, advances, and opportunities for nanoelectrode fabrication, real-time characterizations and high-performance electrochemical instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Ying
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P. R. China .
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry , University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street , London , ON N6A 5B7 , Canada
| | - Dongping Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P. R. China .
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40
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Peng YY, Qian RC, Hafez ME, Long YT. Stochastic Collision Nanoelectrochemistry: A Review of Recent Developments. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yi Peng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials; School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials; School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Mahmoud Elsayed Hafez
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials; School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials; School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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