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Yadav I, Acharyya JN, Prakash GV, Sankar M. Structurally influenced optical nonlinearities and ultrafast dynamics in β-acroleyl- and β-dicyanobutadienyl-appended cobalt corroles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15125-15129. [PMID: 38764422 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The strong two-photon induced nonlinear absorption and self-focusing type positive nonlinear refraction are pronounced by the structural engineering in β-functionalized cobalt corroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderpal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
| | - Jitendra Nath Acharyya
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - G Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
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2
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Osterloh WR, Desbois N, Conradie J, Gros CP, Kadish KM, Ghosh A. Inverse Hypercorroles. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8739-8749. [PMID: 38696617 PMCID: PMC11094798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Ground-state and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations with the long-range-corrected, Coulomb-attenuating CAMY-B3LYP exchange-correlation functional and large, all-electron STO-TZ2P basis sets have been used to examine the potential "inverse hypercorrole" character of meso-p-nitrophenyl-appended dicyanidocobalt(III) corrole dianions. The effect is most dramatic for 5,15-bis(p-nitrophenyl) derivatives, where it manifests itself in intense NIR absorptions. The 10-aryl groups in these complexes play a modulatory role, as evinced by experimental UV-visible spectroscopic and electrochemical data for a series of 5,15-bis(p-nitrophenyl) dicyanidocobalt(III) corroles. TDDFT (CAMY-B3LYP) calculations ascribe these features clearly to a transition from the corrole's a2u-like HOMO (retaining the D4h irrep used for metalloporphyrins) to a nitrophenyl-based LUMO. The outward nature of this transition contrasts with the usual phenyl-to-macrocycle direction of charge transfer transitions in many hyperporphyrins and hypercorroles; thus, the complexes studied are aptly described as inverse hypercorroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Ryan Osterloh
- ICMUB
(UMR CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9, Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United
States
| | - Nicolas Desbois
- ICMUB
(UMR CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9, Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromso̷, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Claude P. Gros
- ICMUB
(UMR CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9, Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United
States
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
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3
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Dawson G, Spielvogel EH, Diao T. Nickel-Catalyzed Radical Mechanisms: Informing Cross-Coupling for Synthesizing Non-Canonical Biomolecules. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3640-3653. [PMID: 38033206 PMCID: PMC10734253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Nickel excels at facilitating selective radical chemistry, playing a pivotal role in metalloenzyme catalysis and modern cross-coupling reactions. Radicals, being nonpolar and neutral, exhibit orthogonal reactivity to nucleophilic and basic functional groups commonly present in biomolecules. Harnessing this compatibility, we delve into the application of nickel-catalyzed radical pathways in the synthesis of noncanonical peptides and carbohydrates, critical for chemical biology studies and drug discovery.We previously characterized a sequential reduction mechanism that accounts for chemoselectivity in cross-electrophile coupling reactions. This catalytic cycle begins with nickel(I)-mediated radical generation from alkyl halides, followed by carbon radical capture by nickel(II) complexes, and concludes with reductive elimination. These steps resonate with mechanistic proposals in nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling, photoredox, and electrocatalytic reactions. Herein, we present our insights into each step involving radicals, including initiation, propagation, termination, and the nuances of kinetics, origins of selectivity, and ligand effects.Radical generation from C(sp3) electrophiles via one-electron oxidative addition with low-valent nickel radical intermediates provides the basis for stereoconvergent and cross-electrophile couplings. Our electroanalytical studies elucidate a concerted halogen atom abstraction mechanism, where electron transfer is coupled with halide dissociation. Using this pathway, we have developed a nickel-catalyzed stereoselective radical addition to dehydroalanine, facilitating the synthesis of noncanonical peptides. In this application, chiral ligands modulate the stereochemical outcome through the asymmetric protonation of a nickel-enolate intermediate.The capture of the alkyl radical by nickel(II) expands the scope of cross-coupling, promotes reductive elimination through the formation of high-valent nickel(III) species, and governs chemo- and stereoselectivity. We discovered that nickel(II)-aryl efficiently traps radicals with a barrier ranging from 7 to 9 kcal/mol, followed by fast reductive elimination. In contrast, nickel(II)-alkyl captures radicals to form a nickel(III) species, which was characterized by EPR spectroscopy. However, the subsequent slow reductive elimination resulted in minimal product formation. The observed high diastereoselectivity of radical capture inspired investigations into C-aryl and C-acyl glycosylation reactions. We developed a redox auxiliary that readily couples with natural carbohydrates and produces glycosyl radicals upon photoredox activation. Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of the glycosyl radical with bromoarenes and carboxylic acids leads to diverse non-natural glycosides that can facilitate drug discovery.Stoichiometric studies on well-defined d8-nickel complexes have showcased means to promote reductive elimination, including ligand association, oxidation, and oxidative addition.In the final section, we address the influence of auxiliary ligands on the electronic structure and redox activity of organonickel intermediates. Synthesis of a series of low-valent nickel radical complexes and characterization of their electronic structures led us to a postulate that ligand redox activity correlates with coordination geometry. Our data reveal that a change in ligand redox activity can shift the redox potentials of reaction intermediates, potentially altering the mechanism of catalytic reactions. Moreover, coordinating additives and solvents may stabilize nickel radicals during catalysis by adjusting ligand redox activity, which is consistent with known catalytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory
A. Dawson
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ethan H. Spielvogel
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Tianning Diao
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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4
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Queer in Chem: Q&A with Professor Abhik Ghosh. Commun Chem 2023; 6:208. [PMID: 37777682 PMCID: PMC10542345 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
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5
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Lemon CM. Diversifying the functions of heme proteins with non-porphyrin cofactors. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112282. [PMID: 37320889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heme proteins perform diverse biochemical functions using a single iron porphyrin cofactor. This versatility makes them attractive platforms for the development of new functional proteins. While directed evolution and metal substitution have expanded the properties, reactivity, and applications of heme proteins, the incorporation of porphyrin analogs remains an underexplored approach. This review discusses the replacement of heme with non-porphyrin cofactors, such as porphycene, corrole, tetradehydrocorrin, phthalocyanine, and salophen, and the attendant properties of these conjugates. While structurally similar, each ligand exhibits distinct optical and redox properties, as well as unique chemical reactivity. These hybrids serve as model systems to elucidate the effects of the protein environment on the electronic structure, redox potentials, optical properties, or other features of the porphyrin analog. Protein encapsulation can confer distinct chemical reactivity or selectivity of artificial metalloenzymes that cannot be achieved with the small molecule catalyst alone. Additionally, these conjugates can interfere with heme acquisition and uptake in pathogenic bacteria, providing an inroad to innovative antibiotic strategies. Together, these examples illustrate the diverse functionality that can be achieved by cofactor substitution. The further expansion of this approach will access unexplored chemical space, enabling the development of superior catalysts and the creation of heme proteins with emergent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Lemon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, PO Box 173400, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States.
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6
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Yadav I, Osterloh WR, Kadish KM, Sankar M. Synthesis, Spectral, Redox, and Sensing Studies of β-Dicyanovinyl-Appended Corroles and Their Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7738-7752. [PMID: 37146287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A new family of β-dicyanovinyl (DCV)-appended corroles represented as MTPC(MN) (where M = 3H, Cu, Ag, and Co(PPh3) and MN = malononitrile and TPC = 5,10,15-triphenylcorrole) were synthesized starting from the free base mono β-formyl corrole, H3TPC(CHO), and characterized along with their respective MTPC(CHO) and MTPC complexes as to their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties in nonaqueous media. Comparisons between the two series of corroles demonstrate a pronounced substituent effect of the β-DCV group on the physicochemical properties making the MTPC(MN) derivatives substantially easier to reduce and more difficult to oxidize than the formyl or unsubstituted corroles. In addition, the colorimetric and spectral detection of 11 different anions (X) in the form of tetrabutylammonium salts (TBAX, X = PF6-, OAc-, H2PO4-, CN-, HSO4-, NO3-, ClO4-, F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-) were also investigated in nonaqueous media. Of the investigated anions, only CN- was found to induce changes in the UV-vis and 1H NMR spectra of the β-DCV metallocorroles. This data revealed that CuTPC(MN) and AgTPC(MN) act as chemodosimeters for selective cyanide ion detection via a nucleophilic attack at the vinylic carbon of the DCV substituent, while (PPh3)CoTPC(MN) acts as a chemosensor for cyanide ion sensing via axial coordination to the cobalt metal center. A low-limit detection of cyanide ions was observed at 1.69 ppm for CuTPC(MN) and 1.17 ppm for AgTPC(MN) in toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderpal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - W Ryan Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Karl M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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7
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Joven-Sancho D, Demonti L, Martín A, Saffon-Merceron N, Nebra N, Baya M, Menjón B. Electrophilicity of neutral square-planar organosilver(III) compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4166-4168. [PMID: 36876436 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00493g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutral Ag(III) complexes stabilised with just monodentate ligands are here unambiguously established. In a series of square-planar (CF3)3Ag(L) compounds with hard and soft Group 15 donor ligands, L, the metal center has been found to exhibit substantial acidity favouring apical coordination of an additional ligand under no coordination constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Joven-Sancho
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Luca Demonti
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France.
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-UAR2599, Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062, France.
| | - Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Babil Menjón
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
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8
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Lemon CM, Powers DC, Huynh M, Maher AG, Phillips AA, Tripet BP, Nocera DG. Ag(III)···Ag(III) Argentophilic Interaction in a Cofacial Corrole Dyad. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3-17. [PMID: 36538590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metallophilic interactions between closed-shell metal centers are exemplified by d10 ions, with Au(I) aurophilic interactions as the archetype. Such an interaction extends to d8 species, and examples involving Au(III) are prevalent. Conversely, Ag(III) argentophilic interactions are uncommon. Here, we identify argentophilic interactions in silver corroles, which are authentic Ag(III) species. The crystal structure of a monomeric silver corrole is a dimer in the solid state, and the macrocycle exhibits an atypical domed conformation. In order to evaluate whether this represents an authentic metallophilic interaction or a crystal-packing artifact, the analogous cofacial or "pacman" corrole was prepared. The conformation of the monomer was recapitulated in the silver pacman corrole, exhibiting a short 3.67 Å distance between metal centers and a significant compression of the xanthene backbone. Theoretical calculations support the presence of a rare Ag(III)···Ag(III) argentophilic interaction in the pacman complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Lemon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University (MSU), P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Michael Huynh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Andrew G Maher
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Austin A Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University (MSU), P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Brian P Tripet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University (MSU), P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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9
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Osterloh WR, Desbois N, Gros CP, Kadish KM. Hypercorroles Formed via the Tail that Wagged the Dog: Charge Transfer Interactions from Innocent Corroles to Meso-Nitrophenyl Substituents. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20576-20586. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Ryan Osterloh
- ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comte, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Nicolas Desbois
- ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comte, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Claude P. Gros
- ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comte, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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10
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Lemon CM, Maher AG, Anderson BL, Bloch ED, Huynh M, McCollar AL, Nocera DG. Solvent-Induced Spin-State Change in Copper Corroles. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20288-20298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Lemon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, Montana59717, United States
| | - Andrew G. Maher
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
| | - Bryce L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
| | - Eric D. Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
| | - Michael Huynh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
| | - Abie L. McCollar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, Montana59717, United States
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts02138, United States
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11
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Corrole and squeezed coordination. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1474. [PMID: 36376391 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Yadav I, Shanu M, Acharyya JN, Prakash GV, Sankar M. Ultrafast Dynamics and Strong Two-Photon Absorption Properties of Nonplanar β-Functionalized “Push–Pull” Copper Corroles with a Mixed Substituent Pattern. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19289-19301. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inderpal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee247667, India
| | - Mohd Shanu
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra Nath Acharyya
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas110016, New Delhi, India
| | - G. Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee247667, India
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13
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Ground state singlet-to-triplet conversion of copper corrole radical by β-benzo-fusion. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Mitchell BS, Chirila A, Kephart JA, Boggiano AC, Krajewski SM, Rogers D, Kaminsky W, Velian A. Metal-Support Interactions in Molecular Single-Site Cluster Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18459-18469. [PMID: 36170652 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study provides atomistic insights into the interface between a single-site catalyst and a transition metal chalcogenide support and reveals that peak catalytic activity occurs when edge/support redox cooperativity is maximized. A molecular platform MCo6Se8(PEt3)4(L)2 (1-M, M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn) was designed in which the active site (M)/support (Co6Se8) interactions are interrogated by systematically probing the electronic and structural changes that occur as the identity of the metal varies. All 3d transition metal 1-M clusters display remarkable catalytic activity for coupling tosyl azide and tert-butyl isocyanide, with Mn and Co derivatives showing the fastest turnover in the series. Structural, electronic, and magnetic characterization of the clusters was performed using single crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and computational methods. Distinct metal/support redox regimes can be accessed in 1-M based on the energy of the edge metal's frontier orbitals with respect to those of the cluster support. As the degree of electronic interaction between the edge and the support increases, a cooperative regime is reached wherein the support can deliver electrons to the catalytic site, increasing the reactivity of key metal-nitrenoid intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Andrei Chirila
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan A Kephart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Andrew C Boggiano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sebastian M Krajewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dylan Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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15
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Sahu K, Angeloni S, Conradie J, Villa M, Nayak M, Ghosh A, Ceroni P, Kar S. NIR-emissive, singlet-oxygen-sensitizing gold tetra(thiocyano)corroles. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13236-13245. [PMID: 35968801 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01959k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein are two fully characterized gold tetrathiocyanocorroles representing a potentially significant new class of NIR-emissive 5d-metallocorroles. The four SCN groups on the bipyrrole unit of the corrole exert a powerful electron-withdrawing effect, upshifting both the oxidation and reduction potentials by roughly half a volt relative to their unsubstituted counterparts. That said, the upshift of the LUMO is somewhat higher than that of the HOMO so these complexes also exhibit a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap, as evinced in both electrochemical measurements and Q band energies (∼595 nm relative to ∼571 nm for their SCN-free counterparts). The new compounds exhibit NIR phosphorescence under ambient conditions with emission maxima around 900 nm (compared with 790 nm for simple Au triarylcorroles), phosphorescence quantum yields around 0.3%, phosphorescence lifetimes around 10 μs, and singlet oxygen sensitization with a quantum yield of around 50 ± 5% in solution, together signifying wide-ranging potential applications as triplet photosensitizers in oxygen sensing and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Sahu
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar - 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
| | - Sara Angeloni
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Marco Villa
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Manisha Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar - 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sanjib Kar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar - 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
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16
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Sun R, Liu M, Wang P, Qin Y, Schnedermann C, Maher AG, Zheng SL, Liu S, Chen B, Zhang S, Dogutan DK, Lindsey JS, Nocera DG. Syntheses and Properties of Metalated Tetradehydrocorrins. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12308-12317. [PMID: 35892197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The monoanionic tetrapyrrolic macrocycle B,C-tetradehydrocorrin (TDC) resides chemically between corroles and corrins. This chemical space remains largely unexplored due to a lack of reliable synthetic strategies. We now report the preparation and characterization of Co(II)- and Ni(II)-metalated TDC derivatives ([Co-TDC]+ and [Ni-TDC]+, respectively) with a combination of crystallographic, electrochemical, computational, and spectroscopic techniques. [Ni-TDC]+ was found to undergo primarily ligand-centered electrochemical reduction, leading to hydrogenation of the macrocycle under cathodic electrolysis in the presence of acid. Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy reveals that [Ni-TDC]+ and the two-electron-reduced [Ni-TDC]- possess long-lived excited states, whereas the excited state of singly reduced [Ni-TDC] exhibits picosecond dynamics. The Co(I) compound [Co-TDC] is air stable, highlighting the notable property of the TDC ligand to stabilize low-valent metal centers in contradistinction to other tetrapyrroles such as corroles, which typically stabilize metals in higher oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mengran Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Pengzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yangzhong Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Andrew G Maher
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Boyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Shaofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Dilek K Dogutan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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17
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Abstract
The Gouterman four-orbital model conceptualizes porphyrin UV-visible spectra as dominated by four frontier molecular orbitals-two nearly degenerate HOMOs and two exactly degenerate LUMOS under D 4h symmetry. These are well separated from all the other molecular orbitals, and normal spectra involve transitions among these MOs. Unusual spectra occur when additional orbitals appear in this energy range, typically as a consequence of the central coordinated atom. For example, metals with empty d orbitals in a suitable energy range may lead to charge transfer from porphyrin (ligand) to metal, that is, so-called LMCT transitions. Metals with filled p or d orbitals may lead to charge transfer from metal to porphyrin, MLCT transitions. These cases lead to additional peaks and/or significant redshifts in the spectra and were classified as hyperporphyrins by Gouterman. Cases in which spectra are blueshifted were classified as hypsoporphyrins; they are common for relatively electronegative late transition metal porphyrins. Many of the same principles apply to porphyrin analogues, especially corroles. In this Perspective, we focus on two newer classes of hyperporphyrins: one reflecting substituent effects in protonated or deprotonated free-base tetraphenyporphyrins and the other reflecting "noninnocent" interactions between central metal ions and corroles. Hyperporphyrin effects on spectra can be dramatic, yet they can be generated by relatively simple changes and subtle structural variations, such as acid-base reactions or the selection of a central metal ion. These concepts suggest strategies for engineering porphyrin or porphyrinoid dyes for specific applications, especially those requiring far-red or near-infrared absorption or emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl C. Wamser
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry and Arctic Center for Sustainable Energy, UiT − The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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18
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Terner J, Thomas KE, Vazquez-Lima H, Ghosh A. Structure-sensitive marker bands of metallocorroles: A resonance Raman study of manganese and Gold Corrole derivatives. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 231:111783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Synthesis, electronic structures, and reactivity of mononuclear and dinuclear low-valent molybdenum complexes in iminopyridine and bis(imino)pyridine ligand environments. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 230:111744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Vaillard VA, Nieres PD, Vaillard SE, Doctorovich F, Sarkar B, Neuman NI. Cobalt, Iron, and Manganese Metallocorroles in Catalytic Oxidation of Water. An Overview of the Synthesis, Selected Redox and Electronic Properties, and Catalytic Activities. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Vaillard
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química INTEC UNL-CONICET Predio CONICET Santa Fe Dr. Alberto Cassano Ruta Nacional N° 168, Km 0 Paraje El Pozo S3000ZAA Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Pablo D. Nieres
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química INTEC UNL-CONICET Predio CONICET Santa Fe Dr. Alberto Cassano Ruta Nacional N° 168, Km 0 Paraje El Pozo S3000ZAA Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Santiago E. Vaillard
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química INTEC UNL-CONICET Predio CONICET Santa Fe Dr. Alberto Cassano Ruta Nacional N° 168, Km 0 Paraje El Pozo S3000ZAA Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Fabio Doctorovich
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II Buenos Aires C1428EHA Argentina
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Nicolás I. Neuman
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química INTEC UNL-CONICET Predio CONICET Santa Fe Dr. Alberto Cassano Ruta Nacional N° 168, Km 0 Paraje El Pozo S3000ZAA Santa Fe Argentina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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21
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Di Natale C, Gros CP, Paolesse R. Corroles at work: a small macrocycle for great applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1277-1335. [PMID: 35037929 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00662b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Corrole chemistry has witnessed an impressive boost in studies in the last 20 years, thanks to the possibility of preparing corrole derivatives by simple synthetic procedures. The investigation of a large number of corroles has highlighted some peculiar characteristics of these macrocycles, having features different from those of the parent porphyrins. With this progress in the elucidation of corrole properties, attention has been focused on the potential for the exploitation of corrole derivatives in different important application fields. In some areas, the potential of corroles has been studied in certain detail, for example, the use of corrole metal complexes as electrocatalysts for energy conversion. In some other areas, the field is still in its infancy, such as in the exploitation of corroles in solar cells. Herein, we report an overview of the different applications of corroles, focusing on the studies reported in the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale del Politecnico, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claude P Gros
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France.
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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22
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Singh V, Kundu A, SINGH KIRTI, Adhikari D. Redox noninnocence of formazanate ligand applied to catalytic formation of α-ketoamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6630-6633. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formazan ligands have been investigated as redox noninnocent backbone for a long time. Despite its well-established behaviour as redox reservoir, demonstration of catalytic efficiency governed by redox noninnocence remains...
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23
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Phung QM, Muchammad Y, Yanai T, Ghosh A. A DMRG/CASPT2 Investigation of Metallocorroles: Quantifying Ligand Noninnocence in Archetypal 3d and 4d Element Derivatives. JACS AU 2021; 1:2303-2314. [PMID: 34984418 PMCID: PMC8717376 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP) and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) theory have been used to quantitatively compare the degree of ligand noninnocence (corrole radical character) in seven archetypal metallocorroles. The seven complexes, in decreasing order of corrole noninnocent character, are Mn[Cor]Cl > Fe[Cor]Cl > Fe[Cor](NO) > Mo[Cor]Cl2 > Ru[Cor](NO) ≈ Mn[Cor]Ph ≈ Fe[Cor]Ph ≈ 0, where [Cor] refers to the unsubstituted corrolato ligand. DMRG-based second-order perturbation theory calculations have also yielded detailed excited-state energetics data on the compounds, shedding light on periodic trends involving middle transition elements. Thus, whereas the ground state of Fe[Cor](NO) (S = 0) is best described as a locally S = 1/2 {FeNO}7 unit antiferromagnetically coupled to a corrole A' radical, the calculations confirm that Ru[Cor](NO) may be described as simply {RuNO}6-Cor3-, that is, having an innocent corrole macrocycle. Furthermore, whereas the ferromagnetically coupled S = 1{FeNO}7-Cor•2- state of Fe[Cor](NO) is only ∼17.5 kcal/mol higher than the S = 0 ground state, the analogous triplet state of Ru[Cor](NO) is higher by a far larger margin (37.4 kcal/mol) relative to the ground state. In the same vein, Mo[Cor]Cl2 exhibits an adiabatic doublet-quartet gap of 36.1 kcal/mol. The large energy gaps associated with metal-ligand spin coupling in Ru[Cor](NO) and Mo[Cor]Cl2 reflect the much greater covalent character of 4d-π interactions relative to analogous interactions involving 3d orbitals. As far as excited-state energetics is concerned, DMRG-CASPT2 calculations provide moderate validation for hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP) for qualitative purposes, but underscore the possibility of large errors (>10 kcal/mol) in interstate energy differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Manh Phung
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasin Muchammad
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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24
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Tomat E, Curtis CJ. Biopyrrin Pigments: From Heme Metabolites to Redox-Active Ligands and Luminescent Radicals. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4584-4594. [PMID: 34870973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox-active ligands in coordination chemistry not only modulate the reactivity of the bound metal center but also serve as electron reservoirs to store redox equivalents. Among many applications in contemporary chemistry, the scope of redox-active ligands in biology is exemplified by the porphyrin radicals in the catalytic cycles of multiple heme enzymes (e.g., cytochrome P450, catalase) and the chlorophyll radicals in photosynthetic systems. This Account reviews the discovery of two redox-active ligands inspired by oligopyrrolic fragments found in biological settings as products of heme metabolism.Linear oligopyrroles, in which pyrrole heterocycles are linked by methylene or methine bridges, are ubiquitous in nature as part of the complex, multistep biosynthesis and degradation of hemes and chlorophylls. Bile pigments, such as biliverdin and bilirubin, are common and well-studied tetrapyrroles with characteristic pyrrolin-2-one rings at both terminal positions. The coordination chemistry of these open-chain pigments is less developed than that of porphyrins and other macrocyclic oligopyrroles; nevertheless, complexes of biliverdin and its synthetic analogs have been reported, along with fluorescent zinc complexes of phytobilins employed as bioanalytical tools. Notably, linear conjugated tetrapyrroles inherit from porphyrins the ability to stabilize unpaired electrons within their π system. The isolated complexes, however, present helical structures and generally limited stability.Smaller biopyrrins, which feature three or two pyrrole rings and the characteristic oxidized termini, have been known for several decades following their initial isolation as urinary pigments and heme metabolites. Although their coordination chemistry has remained largely unexplored, these compounds are structurally similar to the well-established tripyrrin and dipyrrin ligands employed in a broad variety of metal complexes. In this context, our study of the coordination chemistry of tripyrrin-1,14-dione and dipyrrin-1,9-dione was motivated by the potential to retain on these compact, versatile platforms the reversible ligand-based redox chemistry of larger tetrapyrrolic systems.The tripyrrindione ligand coordinates several divalent transition metals (i.e., Pd(II), Ni(II) Cu(II), Zn(II)) to form neutral complexes in which an unpaired electron is delocalized over the conjugated π system. These compounds, which are stable at room temperature and exposed to air, undergo reversible one-electron processes to access different redox states of the ligand system without affecting the oxidation state and coordination geometry of the metal center. We also characterized ligand-based radicals on the dipyrrindione platform in both homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes. In addition, this study documented noncovalent interactions (e.g., interligand hydrogen bonds with the pyrrolinone carbonyls, π-stacking of ligand-centered radicals) as important aspects of this coordination chemistry. Furthermore, the fluorescence of the zinc-bound tripyrrindione radical and the redox-switchable emission of a dipyrrindione BODIPY-type fluorophore showcased the potential interplay of redox chemistry and luminescence in these compounds. Supported by computational analyses, the portfolio of properties revealed by this investigation takes the tripyrrindione and dipyrrindione motifs of heme metabolites to the field of redox-active ligands, where they are positioned to offer new opportunities for catalysis, sensing, supramolecular systems, and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tomat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States
| | - Clayton J. Curtis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States
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25
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Ryan Osterloh W, Fang Y, Desbois N, Naitana ML, Brandès S, Pacquelet S, Gros CP, Kadish KM. Here’s looking at the reduction of noninnocent copper corroles via anion induced electron transfer. CR CHIM 2021. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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26
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Conradie J, Vazquez-Lima H, Alemayehu AB, Ghosh A. Comparing Isoelectronic, Quadruple-Bonded Metalloporphyrin and Metallocorrole Dimers: Scalar-Relativistic DFT Calculations Predict a >1 eV Range for Ionization Potential and Electron Affinity. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2021; 2:70-78. [PMID: 36855506 PMCID: PMC9955219 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A scalar-relativistic DFT study of isoelectronic, quadruple-bonded Group 6 metalloporphyrins (M = Mo, W) and Group 7 metallocorroles (M = Tc, Re) has uncovered dramatic differences in ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) among the compounds. Thus, both the IPs and EAs of the corrole derivatives are 1 eV or more higher than those of the porphyrin derivatives. These differences largely reflect the much lower orbital energies of the δ- and δ*-orbitals of the corrole dimers relative to those of the porphyrin dimers, which in turn reflect the higher (+III as opposed to +II) oxidation states of the metals in the former compounds. Significant differences have also been determined between Mo and W porphyrin dimers and between Tc and Re corrole dimers. These differences are thought to largely reflect greater relativistic destabilization of the 5d orbitals of W and Re relative to the 4d orbitals of Mo and Tc. The calculated differences in IP and EA should translate to major differences in electrochemical redox potentials-a prediction that in our opinion is well worth confirming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway,Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Hugo Vazquez-Lima
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Abraham B. Alemayehu
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT − The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway,; Telephone: +47 45476145
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27
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Alvarado JG, Cummins DC, Diaconescu AC, Siegler MA, Goldberg DP. The selective monobromination of a highly sterically encumbered corrole: Structural and spectroscopic properties of Fe(Cl)(2-bromo-5,10,15-tris(triphenyl)phenyl corrole). J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021; 25:1176-1185. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621501169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The corrole ligand serves as a versatile tri-anionic, macrocyclic platform on which to model biological catalytic systems, as well as to effect mechanistically challenging chemical transformations. Herein we describe the synthesis, structure, and characterization of an isomerically pure corrole ligand, selectively mono-brominated at the [Formula: see text]-carbon position adjacent to the corrole C-C bond (2-C) and produced in relatively high yields, as well as its iron chloride complex. Analysis of the iron metalated complex by cyclic voltammetry shows that the bromine being present on the ligand resulted in anodic shifts of +93 and +63 mV for first oxidation and first reduction of the complex respectively. The Mössbauer spectrum of the iron metalated complex shows negligible change relative to the non-brominated analog, indicating the presence of the halide substituent predominantly effects the orbitals of the ligand rather than the metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G. Alvarado
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Daniel C. Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Andrada C. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - David P. Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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28
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Einrem RF, Jonsson ET, Teat SJ, Settineri NS, Alemayehu AB, Ghosh A. Regioselective formylation of rhenium-oxo and gold corroles: substituent effects on optical spectra and redox potentials. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34086-34094. [PMID: 35497316 PMCID: PMC9042328 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vilsmeier–Haack formylation of ReO and Au meso-triarylcorroles over 16–18 hours affords moderate to good yields (47–65%) of the ReO-3-formyl and Au-3,17-diformyl derivatives in a highly regioselective manner. Formylation was found to effect substantial upshifts for redox potentials (especially the reduction potentials) as well as significant to dramatic redshifts for both the Soret and Q bands. Vilsmeier–Haack formylation of ReO and Au meso-triarylcorroles over 16–18 hours affords moderate to good yields (47–65%) of the ReO-3-formyl and Au-3,17-diformyl derivatives in a highly regioselective manner.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune F Einrem
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway N-9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Einar Torfi Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway N-9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-8229 USA
| | - Nicholas S Settineri
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-8229 USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Abraham B Alemayehu
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway N-9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway N-9037 Tromsø Norway
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29
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Ghidinelli S, Abbate S, Mazzeo G, Paolesse R, Pomarico G, Longhi G. MCD and MCPL Characterization of Luminescent Si(IV) and P(V) Tritolylcorroles: The Role of Coordination Number. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26659-26671. [PMID: 34661019 PMCID: PMC8515824 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two triarylcorrole complexes, (hydroxy)[5,10,15-tritolylcorrolato]silicon-(TTC)Si(OH) and (dihydroxy)[5,10,15-tritolylcorrolato]phosphorous-(TTC)P(OH) 2 , have been investigated by magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and magnetic circularly polarized luminescence (MCPL). The spectroscopic investigations have been combined with explicit calculation of MCD response through time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) formalism. This has allowed us to better define the role of molecular orbitals in the transitions associated with the Soret and Q bands. Besides and more importantly, MCD has made it possible to follow the titration process of (TTC)Si(OH) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution with NaF and of (TTC)P(OH) 2 in dichloromethane solution with alcohols in a complementary and, we dare say, more sensitive way with respect to absorption and fluorescence data. Finally, the MCPL spectra and the ancillary TD-DFT calculations have allowed us to characterize the excited state of (TTC)Si(OH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ghidinelli
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- National
Institute of Optics (INO), CNR, Research
Unit of Brescia, c/o
CSMT, via Branze 45, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzeo
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department
of Chemical Science and Technologies, University
of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pomarico
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- CSGI,
Research Center for Colloids and Nanoscience, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto
Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- National
Institute of Optics (INO), CNR, Research
Unit of Brescia, c/o
CSMT, via Branze 45, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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30
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Vazquez-Lima H, Conradie J, Johansen MAL, Martinsen SR, Alemayehu AB, Ghosh A. Heavy-element-ligand covalence: ligand noninnocence in molybdenum and tungsten Viking-helmet Corroles. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12843-12849. [PMID: 34473174 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01970h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Extensive DFT calculations with several exchange-correlation functionals indicate that molybdenum-dichlorido Viking helmet corroles are noninnocent with significant MoIV-corrole˙2- character. The effect is mediated by a Mo(4d)-corrole(π) orbital interaction similar to that postulated for MnCl, FeCl and FeNO corroles. The effect also appears to operate in tungsten-dichlorido corroles but is weaker relative to that for Mo. In contrast, MoO triarylcorroles do not exhibit a significant degree of corrole radical character. Furthermore, the Soret absorption maxima of a series of MoCl2 tris(para-X-phenyl)corrole derivatives were found to redshift dramatically with increasing electron-donating character of the para substituent X, essentially clinching the case for a noninnocent macrocycle in MoCl2 corroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Vazquez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. .,Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edif. IC9, CU, San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Martin A L Johansen
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | - Abraham B Alemayehu
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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31
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Matson BD, Thomas KE, Alemayehu AB, Ghosh A, Sarangi R. X-ray absorption spectroscopy of exemplary platinum porphyrin and corrole derivatives: metal- versus ligand-centered oxidation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32269-32274. [PMID: 35495496 PMCID: PMC9041989 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06151h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of Pt L3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS and XANES) and DFT (TPSS) calculations have been performed on powder samples of the archetypal platinum porphyrinoid complexes PtII[TpCF3PP], PtIV[TpCF3PP]Cl2, and PtIV[TpCF3PC](Ar)(py), where TpCF3PP2- = meso-tetrakis(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)porphyrinato and TpCF3PC3- = meso-tris(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)corrolato. The three complexes yielded Pt L3-edge energies of 11 566.0 eV, 11 567.2 eV, and 11 567.6 eV, respectively. The 1.2 eV blueshift from the Pt(ii) to the Pt(iv) porphyrin derivative is smaller than expected for a formal two-electron oxidation of the metal center. A rationale was provided by DFT-based Hirshfeld which showed that the porphyrin ligand in the Pt(iv) complex is actually substantially oxidized relative to that in the Pt(ii) complex. The much smaller blueshift of 0.4 eV, going from PtIV[TpCF3PP]Cl2, and PtIV[TpCF3PC](Ar)(py), is ascribable to the significantly stronger ligand field in the latter compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Matson
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University Menlo Park California 94025 USA
| | - Kolle E Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway N-9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Abraham B Alemayehu
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway N-9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University Menlo Park California 94025 USA
| | - Ritimukta Sarangi
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University Menlo Park California 94025 USA
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32
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Zuckerman LA, Vargo NP, May CV, Crockett MP, Hyre AS, McNeely J, Elinburg JK, Brown AM, Robinson JR, Rheingold AL, Doerrer LH. Thiolate-Thione Redox-Active Ligand with a Six-Membered Chelate Ring via Template Condensation and Its Pt(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13376-13387. [PMID: 34382778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new template condensation reaction has been discovered in a mixture of Pt(II), thiobenzamide, and base. Four complexes of the general form [Pt(ctaPhR)2], R = CH3 (1a), H (1b), F (1c), Cl (1d), cta = condensed thioamide, have been prepared under similar conditions and thoroughly characterized by 1H NMR and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, (spectro)electrochemistry, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The ligand is redox active and can be reduced from the initial monoanion to a dianionic and then trianionic state. Chemical reduction of 1a with [Cp2Co] yielded [Cp2Co]2[Pt(ctaPhCH3)2], [Cp2Co]2[1a], which has been similarly characterized with the addition of EPR spectroscopy and SQUID magnetization. The singly reduced form containing [1a]1-, (nBu4N)[Pt(ctaPhCH3)2], has been generated in situ and characterized by UV-vis and EPR spectroscopies. DFT studies of 1b, [1b]1-, and [1b]2- confirm the location of additional electrons in exclusively ligand-based orbitals. A detailed analysis of this redox-active ligand, with emphasis on the characteristics that favor noninnocent behavior in six-membered chelate rings, is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Zuckerman
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Natasha P Vargo
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Claire V May
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Michael P Crockett
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Ariel S Hyre
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - James McNeely
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jessica K Elinburg
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Alexander M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Jerome R Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0332, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Linda H Doerrer
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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33
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Curtis CJ, Astashkin AV, Conradie J, Ghosh A, Tomat E. Ligand-Centered Triplet Diradical Supported by a Binuclear Palladium(II) Dipyrrindione. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12457-12466. [PMID: 34347474 PMCID: PMC8389801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Oligopyrroles
form
a versatile class of redox-active ligands and
electron reservoirs. Although the stabilization of radicals within
oligopyrrolic π systems is more common for macrocyclic ligands,
bidentate dipyrrindiones are emerging as compact platforms for one-electron
redox chemistry in transition-metal complexes. We report the synthesis
of a bis(aqua) palladium(II) dipyrrindione complex and its deprotonation-driven
dimerization to form a hydroxo-bridged binuclear complex in the presence
of water or triethylamine. Electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical,
and computational analyses of the binuclear complex indicate the accessibility
of two quasi-reversible ligand-centered reduction processes. The product
of a two-electron chemical reduction by cobaltocene was isolated and
characterized. In the solid state, this cobaltocenium salt features
a folded dianionic complex that maintains the hydroxo bridges between
the divalent palladium centers. X-band and Q-band EPR spectroscopic
experiments and DFT computational analysis allow assignment of the
dianionic species as a diradical with spin density almost entirely
located on the two dipyrrindione ligands. As established from the
EPR temperature dependence, the associated exchange coupling is weak
and antiferromagnetic (J ≈ −2.5 K),
which results in a predominantly triplet state at the temperatures
at which the measurements have been performed. The coordination and redox chemistry of the dipyrrindione
scaffold, which is found in several heme metabolites, is investigated
in heteroleptic palladium(II) complexes. The bis(aqua) complex undergoes
a deprotonation-driven dimerization to form a hydroxo-bridged binuclear
species. Crystallographic, electrochemical, and spectroscopic data,
as well as computational analysis, demonstrate that a two-electron
reduction of the binuclear complex leads to a diradical dianion with
spin density delocalized over the two dipyrrindione ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton J Curtis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Andrei V Astashkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa.,Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elisa Tomat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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34
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Alemayehu AB, Thomas KE, Einrem RF, Ghosh A. The Story of 5d Metallocorroles: From Metal-Ligand Misfits to New Building Blocks for Cancer Phototherapeutics. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3095-3107. [PMID: 34297542 PMCID: PMC8382219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Porphyrin chemistry is Shakespearean: over a
century of study has
not withered the field’s apparently infinite variety. Heme
proteins continually astonish us with novel molecular mechanisms,
while new porphyrin analogues bowl us over with unprecedented optical,
electronic, and metal-binding properties. Within the latter domain,
corroles occupy a special place, exhibiting a unique and rich coordination
chemistry. The 5d metallocorroles are arguably the icing on that cake. New Zealand chemist Penny Brothers has used the word “misfit”
to describe the interactions of boron, a small atom with a predilection
for tetrahedral coordination, and porphyrins, classic square-planar
ligands. Steve Jobs lionized misfits as those who see things differently
and push humanity forward. Both perspectives have inspired us. The
5d metallocorroles are misfits in that they encapsulate a large 5d
transition metal ion within the tight cavity of a contracted porphyrin
ligand. Given the steric mismatch inherent in their structures,
the syntheses
of some 5d metallocorroles are understandably capricious,
proceeding under highly specific conditions and affording poor yields.
Three broad approaches may be distinguished. (a) In the metal–alkyl approach, a free-base
corrole is exposed to an alkyllithium and the resulting lithio-corrole
is treated with an early transition metal chloride; a variant of the
method eschews alkyllithium and deploys a transition metal–alkyl
instead, resulting in elimination of the alkyl group as an alkane
and insertion of the metal into the corrole. This approach is useful
for inserting transition metals from groups 4, 5, and, to some extent,
6, as well as lanthanides and actinides. (b) In our laboratory,
we have often deployed a low-valent
organometallic approach for the middle transition elements
(groups 6, 7, 8, and 9). The reagents are low-valent metal–carbonyl
or −olefin complexes, which lose one or more carbon ligands
at high temperature, affording coordinatively unsaturated, sticky
metal fragments that are trapped by the corrole nitrogens. (c)
Finally, a metal acetate approach provides
the method of choice for gold and platinum insertion (groups 10 and
11). This Account provides a first-hand perspective
of the three approaches, focusing on the last two, which were largely
developed in our laboratory. In general, the products were characterized
with X-ray crystallography, electrochemistry, and a variety of spectroscopic
methods. The physicochemical data, supplemented by relativistic DFT
calculations, have provided fascinating insights into periodic trends
and relativistic effects. An unexpected feature of many 5d metallocorroles,
given their misfit
character, is their remarkable stability under thermal, chemical,
and photochemical stimulation. Many of them also exhibit long triplet
lifetimes on the order of 100 μs and effectively sensitize singlet
oxygen formation. Many exhibit phosphorescence in the near-infrared
under ambient conditions. Furthermore, water-soluble ReO and Au corroles
exhibit impressive photocytotoxicity against multiple cancer cell
lines, promising potential applications as cancer phototherapeutics.
We thus envision a bright future for the compounds as rugged building
blocks for new generations of therapeutic and diagnostic (theranostic)
agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham B. Alemayehu
- Department of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway
| | - Kolle E. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway
| | - Rune F. Einrem
- Department of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway
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35
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Alemayehu AB, McCormick-McPherson LJ, Conradie J, Ghosh A. Rhenium Corrole Dimers: Electrochemical Insights into the Nature of the Metal-Metal Quadruple Bond. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8315-8321. [PMID: 33998801 PMCID: PMC8278387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
interaction of free-base triarylcorroles with Re2(CO)10 in 1,2-dichlorobenzene in the presence of 2,6-lutidine
at 180 °C under strict anerobic conditions afforded approximately
10% yields of rhenium corrole dimers. The compounds exhibited diamagnetic 1H NMR spectra consistent with a metal–metal quadruple
bond with a σ2π4δ2 orbital occupancy. One of the compounds proved amenable to single-crystal
X-ray structure determination, yielding a metal–metal distance
of ∼2.24 Å, essentially identical to that in triple-bonded
osmium corrole dimers. On the other hand, the electrochemical properties
of Re and Os corrole dimers proved to be radically different. Thus,
the reduction potentials of the Re corrole dimers are some 800 mV
upshifted relative to those of their Os counterparts. Stated differently,
the Re corrole dimers are dramatically easier to reduce, reflecting
electron addition to δ* versus π* molecular orbitals for
Re and Os corrole dimers, respectively. The data also imply electrochemical
HOMO-LUMO gaps of only 1.0–1.1 V for rhenium corrole dimers,
compared with values of 1.85–1.90 V for their Os counterparts.
These HOMO–LUMO gaps rank among the first such values reported
for quadruple-bonded transition-metal dimers for any type of supporting
ligand, porphyrin-type or not. The first metal−metal
quadruple-bonded metallocorrole
dimers have been synthesized in the form of three rhenium meso-triarylcorrole dimers. The compounds exhibit electrochemical
HOMO−LUMO gaps of 1.0−1.1 V, which is some 750 mV smaller
than those of their triple-bonded Os counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham B Alemayehu
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura J McCormick-McPherson
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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36
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Lehmann U, Goddard R, Tonner R, Reetz MT. Towards self-doping multimetal porphyrin systems. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621500085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An approach for the possible production of novel bimetallic self-doped porphyrin-based compounds of potential interest in material science is reported. Heating Cu(II)tetraphenylporphyrin (TPPCu) with chromocene at 120°C in benzonitrile affords the crystalline multimetal porphyrin system TPPCu/TPPCr in good yield. The X-ray single crystal structural analysis reveals a random distribution of TPPCu and TPPCr, with a Cu:Cr ratio of 71(2):29(2)%. Exploratory DFT calculations of TPPCu/TPPCr indicate little if any electron transfer. In contrast, calculations of a hypothetical cationic TPPCu/TPPRu system indicates the possibility of self-doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Lehmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Richard Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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37
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Dossmann H, Gatineau D, Clavier H, Memboeuf A, Lesage D, Gimbert Y. Exploring Phosphine Electronic Effects on Molybdenum Complexes: A Combined Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Energy Decomposition Analysis Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8753-8765. [PMID: 33045825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In organometallic chemistry, especially in the catalysis area, accessing the finest tuning of a catalytic reaction pathway requires a detailed knowledge of the steric and electronic influences of the ligands bound to the metal center. Usually, the M-L bond between a ligand and metal is depicted by the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model involving two opposite interactions, σ-donor and π-acceptor effects of the ligand. The experimental evaluation of these effects is essential and complementary to in-depth theoretical approaches that are able to provide a detailed description of the M-L bond. In this work, we present a study of LMo(CO)5 complexes with L being various tertiary phosphine ligands by means of mass-selected high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) performed with synchrotron radiation, DFT, and energy decomposition analyses (EDA) combined with the natural orbitals for chemical valence (NOCV) analysis. These methods enable a separated access of the σ-donor and π-acceptor effects of ligands by probing either the electronic configuration of the complex (PES) or the interaction of the ligand with the metal (EDA). Three series of PR3 ligands with various electronic influences are investigated: the strong donating alkyl substituents (PMe3, PEt3, and PiPr3), the intermediate PPhxMe(3-x) (x = 0-3) set, and the PPhxPyrl(3-x) set (x = 0-3 with Pyrl being the strong electron withdrawing pyrrolyl group C4H4N). For each complex, their adiabatic and vertical ionization energies (IEs) could be determined with a 0.03 eV precision. Experiment and theory show an excellent agreement, either for the IE determination or electronic effect analysis. The ability to interpret the spectra is shown to depend on the character of the ligand. "Innocent" ligands provide the spectra that are the most straightforward to analyze, whereas the "non-innocent" ligands (which are ionized prior to the metal center) render the analysis more difficult due to an increased number of molecular orbitals in the energy range considered. A very good linear correlation is finally found between the measured adiabatic ionization energies and the interaction energy term obtained by EDA for each of these two types of ligands, which opens interesting perspective for the prediction of ligand characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Dossmann
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Paris 75005, France
| | - David Gatineau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Paris 75005, France
| | - Hervé Clavier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Antony Memboeuf
- Univ Bretagne Occidentale and CNRS, CEMCA (UMR 6521), Brest 29238, France
| | - Denis Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yves Gimbert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Paris 75005, France
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38
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Pierloot K, Phung QM, Ghosh A. Electronic Structure of Neutral and Anionic Iron–Nitrosyl Corrole. A Multiconfigurational and Density Matrix Renormalization Group Investigation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11493-11502. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Pierloot
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Quan Manh Phung
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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39
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Vinum MG, Voigt L, Hansen SH, Bell C, Clark KM, Larsen RW, Pedersen KS. Ligand field-actuated redox-activity of acetylacetonate. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8267-8272. [PMID: 34094180 PMCID: PMC8163028 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01836h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for simple ligands that enable multi-electron metal-ligand redox chemistry is driven by a desire to replace noble metals in catalysis and to discover novel chemical reactivity. The vast majority of simple ligand systems display electrochemical potentials impractical for catalytic cycles, illustrating the importance of creating new strategies towards energetically aligned ligand frontier and transition metal d orbitals. We herein demonstrate the ability to chemically control the redox-activity of the ubiquitous acetylacetonate (acac) ligand. By employing the ligand field of high-spin Cr(ii) as a switch, we were able to chemically tailor the occurrence of metal-ligand redox events via simple coordination or decoordination of the labile auxiliary ligands. The mechanism of ligand field actuation can be viewed as a destabilization of the d z 2 orbital relative to the π* LUMO of acac, which proffers a generalizable strategy to synthetically engineer redox-activity with seemingly redox-inactive ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Gotthold Vinum
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800 Denmark
| | - Laura Voigt
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800 Denmark
| | - Steen H Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800 Denmark
| | - Colby Bell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis Memphis TN USA
| | | | - René Wugt Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800 Denmark
| | - Kasper S Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800 Denmark
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40
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Bauer S, Záliš S, Fiedler J, Ringenberg MR, Kaim W. Oxidation State Assignments in the Organoplatinum One‐Electron Redox Series [(N
^
N)PtMes
2
]
n
,
n
= +,0, –,2‐. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Bauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry The Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejškova 3 18223 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fiedler
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry The Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejškova 3 18223 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Mark R. Ringenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
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41
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Osterloh WR, Desbois N, Quesneau V, Brandès S, Fleurat-Lessard P, Fang Y, Blondeau-Patissier V, Paolesse R, Gros CP, Kadish KM. Old Dog, New Tricks: Innocent, Five-coordinate Cyanocobalt Corroles. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8562-8579. [PMID: 32452674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three mono-CN ligated anionic cobalt A3-triarylcorroles were synthesized and investigated as to their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties in CH2Cl2, pyridine (Py), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The newly synthesized corroles provide the first examples of air-stable cobalt corroles with an anionic axial ligand and are represented as [(Ar)3CorCoIII(CN)]-TBA+, where Cor is the trivalent corrole macrocycle, Ar is p-(CN)Ph, p-(CF3)Ph, or p-(OMe)Ph, and TBA+ is the tetra-n-butylammonium (TBA) cation. Multiple redox reactions are observed for each mono-CN derivative with a key feature being a more facile first oxidation and a more difficult first reduction in all three solvents as compared to all previously examined corroles with similar meso- and β-pyrrole substituents. Formation constants (log K) for conversion of the five-coordinate mono-CN complex to its six-coordinate bis-CN form ranged from 102.8 for Ar = p-(OMe)Ph to 104.7 for Ar = p-(CN)Ph in DMSO as determined by spectroscopic methodologies. The in situ generated bis-CN complexes, represented as [(Ar)3CorCoIII(CN)2]2-(TBA+)2, and the mixed ligand complexes, represented as [(Ar)3CorCoIII(CN)(Py)]-TBA+, were also investigated as to their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties. UV-visible spectra and electrode reactions of the synthesized mono-CN derivatives are compared with the neutral mono-DMSO cobalt corrole complexes and the in situ generated bis-CN and bis-Py complexes, and the noninnocent (or innocent) nature of each cobalt corrole system is addressed. The data demonstrate the ability of the CN- axial ligand(s) to stabilize the high-valent forms of the metallocorrole, leading to systems with innocent macrocyclic ligands. Although a number of six-coordinate cobalt(III) corroles with N-donor ligands were characterized in the solid state, a dissociation of one axial ligand readily occurs in nonaqueous solvents, and this behavior contrasts with the high stability of the currently studied bis-CN adducts in CH2Cl2, pyridine, or DMSO. Linear free energy relationships were elucidated between the meso-phenyl Hammett substituent constants (Σσ) and the measured binding constants, the redox potentials, and the energy of the band positions in the mono-CN and bis-CN complexes in their neutral or singly oxidized forms, revealing highly predictable trends in the physicochemical properties of the anionic corroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ryan Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston 77204-5003, Texas, United States
| | - Nicolas Desbois
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Valentin Quesneau
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Stéphane Brandès
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Paul Fleurat-Lessard
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston 77204-5003, Texas, United States
| | - Virginie Blondeau-Patissier
- Department Time-Frequency, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut FEMTO-ST (UMR CNRS 6174), 26 Chemin de l'épitaphe, Besançon Cedex 25030, France
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Claude P Gros
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon, Cedex 21078, France
| | - Karl M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston 77204-5003, Texas, United States
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Thomas K, Settineri NS, Teat SJ, Steene E, Ghosh A. Molecular Structure of Copper and μ-Oxodiiron Octafluorocorrole Derivatives: Insights into Ligand Noninnocence. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10176-10182. [PMID: 32391505 PMCID: PMC7203988 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal X-ray structures were obtained for the copper and μ-oxodiiron complexes of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octafluoro-5,10,15-triphenylcorrole, hereafter denoted as Cu[F8TPC] and {Fe[F8TPC]}2O. A comparison with the crystal structures of other undecasubstituted Cu corroles, including those with H, Ar, Br, I, and CF3 as β-substituents, showed that the degree of saddling increases in the order: H ≲ F < Ar ≲ Br ≲ I < CF3. In other words, Cu[F8TPC] is marginally more saddled than β-unsubstituted Cu triarylcorroles, but substantially less saddled than Cu undecaarylcorroles, β-octabromo-meso-triarylcorroles, and β-octaiodo-meso-triarylcorroles, and far less saddled than Cu β-octakis(trifluoromethyl)-meso-triarylcorroles. As for {Fe[F8TPC]}2O, the moderate quality of the structure did not allow us to draw firm conclusions in regard to bond length alternations in the corrole skeleton and hence also the question of ligand noninnocence. The Fe-O bond distances, 1.712(8) and 1.724(8), however, are essentially identical to those observed for {Fe[TPFPC]}2O, where TPFPC3- is the trianion of 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole, suggesting that a partially noninnocent electronic structural description may be applicable for both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolle
E. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nicholas S. Settineri
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Erik Steene
- Department of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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43
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Thomassen IK, Ghosh A. Protonation-Induced Hyperporphyrin Spectra of meso-Aminophenylcorroles. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9023-9030. [PMID: 32337467 PMCID: PMC7178790 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
UV-vis spectrophotometric titrations have been carried out on meso-tris(o/m/p-aminophenyl)corrole (H3[o/m/p-TAPC]) and meso-triphenylcorrole (H3[TPC]) in dimethyl sulfoxide with methanesulfonic acid (MSA). Monoprotonation was found to result in hyperporphyrin spectra characterized by new, red-shifted, and intense Q bands. The effect was particularly dramatic for H3[p-TAPC] for which the Q band red-shifted from ∼637 nm for the neutral species to 764 nm in the near-IR for H4[p-TAPC]+. Upon further protonation, the Q band was found to blue-shift back to 687 nm. A simple explanation of the phenomena has been offered in terms of quinonoid resonance forms.
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Abstract
Metallocorroles involving 5d transition metals are currently of interest as near-IR phosphors and as photosensitizers for oxygen sensing and photodynamic therapy. Their syntheses, however, are often bedeviled by capricious and low-yielding protocols. Against this backdrop, we describe rhenium-imido corroles, a new class of 5d metallocorroles, synthesized simply and in respectable (∼30%) yields via the interaction of a free-base corrole, Re2(CO)10, K2CO3, and aniline in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at ∼190 °C in a sealed vial under strict anaerobic conditions. The generality of the method was shown by the synthesis of six derivatives, including those derived from meso-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole, H3[TPFPC], and five different meso-tris(p-X-phenyl)corroles, H3[TpXPC], where X = CF3, F, H, CH3, OCH3. Single-crystal X-ray structures obtained for two of the complexes, Re[TpFPC](NPh) and Re[TpCF3PC](NPh), revealed relatively unstrained equatorial Re-N distances of ∼2.00 Å, a ∼ 0.7-Å displacement of the Re from the mean plane of the corrole nitrogens, and an Re-Nimido distance of ∼1.72 Å. Details of the corrole skeletal bond distances, diamagnetic 1H NMR spectra, relatively substituent-independent Soret maxima, and electrochemical HOMO-LUMO gaps of ∼2.2 V all indicated an innocent corrole macrocycle. Surprisingly, unlike several other classes of 5d metallocorroles, the Re-imido complexes proved nonemissive in solution at room temperature and also failed to sensitize singlet oxygen formation, indicating rapid radiationless deactivation of the triplet state, presumably via the rapidly rotating axial phenyl group. By analogy with other metal-oxo and -imido corroles, we remain hopeful that the Re-imido group will prove amenable to further elaboration and thereby contribute to the development of a somewhat challenging area of coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham B Alemayehu
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Sergey M Borisov
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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45
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Liu Y, Resch SG, Klawitter I, Cutsail GE, Demeshko S, Dechert S, Kühn FE, DeBeer S, Meyer F. An Adaptable N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Macrocycle Hosting Copper in Three Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan G. Resch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Iris Klawitter
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - George E. Cutsail
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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46
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Liu Y, Resch SG, Klawitter I, Cutsail GE, Demeshko S, Dechert S, Kühn FE, DeBeer S, Meyer F. An Adaptable N-Heterocyclic Carbene Macrocycle Hosting Copper in Three Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5696-5705. [PMID: 31769151 PMCID: PMC7154638 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A neutral hybrid macrocycle with two trans-positioned N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and two pyridine donors hosts copper in three oxidation states (+I-+III) in a series of structurally characterized complexes (1-3). Redox interconversion of [LCu]+/2+/3+ is electrochemically (quasi)reversible and occurs at moderate potentials (E1/2 =-0.45 V and +0.82 V (vs. Fc/Fc+ )). A linear CNHC -Cu-CNHC arrangement and hemilability of the two pyridine donors allows the ligand to adapt to the different stereoelectronic and coordination requirements of CuI versus CuII /CuIII . Analytical methods such as NMR, UV/Vis, IR, electron paramagnetic resonance, and Cu Kβ high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection X-ray absorption spectroscopies, as well as DFT calculations, give insight into the geometric and electronic structures of the complexes. The XAS signatures of 1-3 are textbook examples for CuI , CuII , and CuIII species. Facile 2-electron interconversion combined with the exposure of two basic pyridine N sites in the reduced CuI form suggest that [LCu]+/2+/3+ may operate in catalysis via coupled 2 e- /2 H+ transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Stefan G. Resch
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Iris Klawitter
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - George E. Cutsail
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of GöttingenTammannstrasse 437077GöttingenGermany
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47
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Vinum MG, Voigt L, Bell C, Mihrin D, Larsen RW, Clark KM, Pedersen KS. Evidence for Non-Innocence of a β-Diketonate Ligand. Chemistry 2020; 26:2143-2147. [PMID: 31721307 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
β-Diketonates, such as acetylacetonate, are amongst the most common bidentate ligands towards elements across the entire periodic table and are considered wholly redox-inactive in their complexes. Herein we show that complexation of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonate (hfac- ) to CrII spontaneously affords CrIII and a reduced β-diketonate radical ligand scaffold, as evidenced by crystallographic analysis, magnetic measurements, optical spectroscopy, reactivity studies, and DFT calculations. The possibility of harnessing β-diketonates as electron reservoirs opens up possibilities for new metal-ligand concerted reactivity in the ubiquitous β-diketonate coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Gotthold Vinum
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Laura Voigt
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Colby Bell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dmytro Mihrin
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - René Wugt Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Kasper S Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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48
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Abstract
Propentdyopents are naturally occurring dipyrroles deriving from the metabolism of heme and characterized by a dipyrrin-1,9-dione motif. The unusual name propentdyopent is due to the first colorimetric method (the Stokvis reaction) for the detection of these compounds, which were initially isolated from urine samples. Upon reduction in alkaline solutions, they produced red species that were termed pentdyopents to describe with Greek numerals their absorption maximum (525 nm) in the visible range. The precursors to the red pentdyopents were thus indicated as propentdyopents.Over the course of several decades, these dipyrrolic compounds have appeared in several studies of human physiology, typically associated to conditions of abnormal heme metabolism and/or oxidative stress. Concurrently, synthetic investigations have confirmed their chemical structure, reactivity, and ability to coordinate metals as bidentate monoanionic ligands. Notably, the planar dipyrrindione platform can undergo reversible one-electron redox processes and thereby act as an electron reservoir in metal complexes. In combination with the documented ability of the carbonyl groups to act as hydrogen-bonding acceptors, the coordination chemistry of propentdyopents could lead to new applications for this old class of pigments. Furthermore, the observation of these pigments in several clinical contexts could potentially delineate a role of propentdyopents as diagnostic biomarkers. This mini-review summarizes both the chemistry and biology of propentdyopents while highlighting the ample space for new discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tomat
- The University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson AZ 85721, USA
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49
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Krzystek J, Schnegg A, Aliabadi A, Holldack K, Stoian SA, Ozarowski A, Hicks SD, Abu-Omar MM, Thomas KE, Ghosh A, Caulfield KP, Tonzetich ZJ, Telser J. Advanced Paramagnetic Resonance Studies on Manganese and Iron Corroles with a Formal d 4 Electron Count. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:1075-1090. [PMID: 31909979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metallocorroles wherein the metal ion is MnIII and formally FeIV are studied here using field- and frequency-domain electron paramagnetic resonance techniques. The MnIII corrole, Mn(tpfc) (tpfc = 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole trianion), exhibits the following S = 2 zero-field splitting (zfs) parameters: D = -2.67(1) cm-1, |E| = 0.023(5) cm-1. This result and those for other MnIII tetrapyrroles indicate that when D ≈ - 2.5 ± 0.5 cm-1 for 4- or 5-coordinate and D ≈ - 3.5 ± 0.5 cm-1 for 6-coordinate complexes, the ground state description is [MnIII(Cor3-)]0 or [MnIII(P2-)]+ (Cor = corrole, P = porphyrin). The situation for formally FeIV corroles is more complicated, and it has been shown that for Fe(Cor)X, when X = Ph (phenyl), the ground state is a spin triplet best described by [FeIV(Cor3-)]+, but when X = halide, the ground state corresponds to [FeIII(Cor•2-)]+, wherein an intermediate spin (S = 3/2) FeIII is antiferromagnetically coupled to a corrole radical dianion (S = 1/2) to also give an S = 1 ground state. These two valence isomers can be distinguished by their zfs parameters, as determined here for Fe(tpc)X, X = Ph, Cl (tpc = 5,10,15-triphenylcorrole trianion). The complex with axial phenyl gives D = 21.1(2) cm-1, while that with axial chloride gives D = 14.6(1) cm-1. The D value for Fe(tpc)Ph is in rough agreement with the range of values reported for other FeIV complexes. In contrast, the D value for Fe(tpc)Cl is inconsistent with an FeIV description and represents a different type of iron center. Computational studies corroborate the zfs for the two types of iron corrole complexes. Thus, the zfs of metallocorroles can be diagnostic as to the electronic structure of a formally high oxidation state metallocorrole, and by extension to metalloporphyrins, although such studies have yet to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Krzystek
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Alexander Schnegg
- EPR Research Group , Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraße 34-36 , D-45470 Mülheim Ruhr , Germany.,Berlin Joint EPR Laboratory , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin , Kekulestraße 5 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Azar Aliabadi
- Berlin Joint EPR Laboratory , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin , Kekulestraße 5 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Karsten Holldack
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung am Elektronenspeicherring BESSY II , Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Sebastian A Stoian
- Department of Chemistry , University of Idaho , Moscow , Idaho 83844 , United States
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Scott D Hicks
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Mahdi M Abu-Omar
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Barbara , California 93106-9510 , United States
| | - Kolle E Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , N-9037 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry , UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , N-9037 Tromsø , Norway
| | - Kenneth P Caulfield
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) , One UTSA Circle , San Antonio , Texas 78249 , United States
| | - Zachary J Tonzetich
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) , One UTSA Circle , San Antonio , Texas 78249 , United States
| | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical, and Health Sciences , Roosevelt University , Chicago , Illinois 60605 , United States
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50
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Thomas KE, Desbois N, Conradie J, Teat SJ, Gros CP, Ghosh A. Gold dipyrrin-bisphenolates: a combined experimental and DFT study of metal–ligand interactions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:533-540. [PMID: 35492572 PMCID: PMC9047278 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09228e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that noninnocent and metalloradical-type electronic structures are ubiquitous among dipyrrin-bisphenolate (DPP) complexes, we synthesized the gold(iii) derivatives as potentially innocent paradigms against which the properties of other metallo-DPP derivatives can be evaluated. Electronic absorption spectra, electrochemical studies, a single-crystal X-ray structure, and DFT calculations all suggest that the ground states of the new complexes indeed correspond to an innocent AuIII–DPP3−, paralleling a similar description noted for Au corroles. Interestingly, while DFT calculations indicate purely ligand-centered oxidations, reduction of AuDPP is predicted to occur across both the metal and the ligand. The first gold dipyrrin-bisphenolates have been synthesized. Like their corrole analogues, they exhibit AuIII–L3− ground states, providing rare innocent paradigms for a class of complexes that commonly occur as metalloradicals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolle E. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry
- UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
- Tromsø N-9037
- Norway
| | - Nicolas Desbois
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)
- UMR CNRS 6302
- Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté
- 21078 Dijon Cedex
- France
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry
- UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
- Tromsø N-9037
- Norway
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Advanced Light Source
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Claude P. Gros
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB)
- UMR CNRS 6302
- Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté
- 21078 Dijon Cedex
- France
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
- Tromsø N-9037
- Norway
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