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Li Y, Wang Y, Shenoy VM, Niu S, Jenkins GJ, Sarvaiya H. Intact quantitation of cysteine-conjugated antibody-drug conjugates using native mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9774. [PMID: 38812280 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE A common strategy for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) quantitation from in vivo study samples involves measurement of total antibody, conjugated ADC, and free payload concentrations using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry. This not only provides a limited picture of biotransformation but can also involve lengthy method development. Quantitation of ADCs directly at the intact protein level in native conditions using high-resolution mass spectrometers presents the advantage of measuring exposure readout as well as monitoring the change in average drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) and in vivo stability of new linker payloads with minimal method development. Furthermore, site-specific cysteine-conjugated ADCs often rely on non-covalent association to retain their quaternary structure, which highlights the unique capabilities of native mass spectrometry (nMS) for intact ADC quantitation. METHODS We developed an intact quantitation workflow involving three stages: automated affinity purification, nMS analysis, and data processing in batch fashion. The sample preparation method was modified to include only volatile ion-pairing reagents in the buffer systems. A capillary size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) column was coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometer for high-throughput nMS analysis. Samples from two mouse pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were analyzed using both intact quantitation workflow and the conventional MRM-based approach. RESULTS A linear dynamic range of 5-100 μg/mL was achieved using 20 μL of serum sample volume. The results of mouse in vivo PK measurement using the intact quantitation workflow and the MRM-based approach were compared, revealing excellent method agreement. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing nMS for the quantitation of ADCs at the intact protein level in preclinical PK studies. Our results indicate that this intact quantitation workflow can serve as an alternative generic method for high-throughput analysis, enabling an in-depth understanding of ADC stability and safety in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Li
- Department of Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vikram M Shenoy
- Department of Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shuai Niu
- Department of Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary J Jenkins
- Department of Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hetal Sarvaiya
- Department of Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie, South San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Yang J, Zhou A, Li M, He Q, Zhou J, Crommen J, Wang W, Jiang Z, Wang Q. Mimotope peptide modified pompon mum-like magnetic microparticles for precise recognition, capture and biotransformation analysis of rituximab in biological fluids. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1317-1328. [PMID: 38487009 PMCID: PMC10935506 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to low immobilized ligand density, limited binding capacity, and severe interference from serum proteins, developing ideal peptide-based biomaterials for precise recognition and in vivo analysis of biopharmaceuticals remains a huge challenge. In this study, mimotope peptide modified pompon mum-like biomimetic magnetic microparticles (MMPs, 3.8 μm) that mimic the specific functionalities of CD20 on malignant B cells were developed for the first time. Benefit from the numerous ligand binding sites (Ni2+) on the pompon mum-like MMPs, these novel materials achieved ≥10 times higher peptide ligand densities (>2300 mg/g) and antibody binding capacities (1380 mg/g) compared to previous reported biomaterials. Leveraging the high specificity of the mimotope peptide, rituximab can be precisely recognized and enriched from cell culture media or serum samples. We also established an LC‒MS/MS method using the MMPs for tracking rituximab biotransformation in patient serum. Intriguingly, deamidation of Asn55 and Asn33, as well as oxidation of Met81 and Met34 were observed at the key complementarity determining regions of rituximab, which could potentially influence antibody function and require careful monitoring. Overall, these versatile biomimetic MMPs demonstrate superior recognition and enrichment capabilities for target antibodies, offering interesting possibilities for biotransformation analysis of biopharmaceuticals in patient serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Aixuan Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Minyi Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiaoxian He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jacques Crommen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CIRM, University of Liege, Liege B-4000, Belgium
| | | | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CIRM, University of Liege, Liege B-4000, Belgium
| | - Qiqin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CIRM, University of Liege, Liege B-4000, Belgium
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3
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Shi RL, Dillon MA, Compton PD, Sawyer WS, Thorup JR, Kwong M, Chan P, Chiu CPC, Li R, Yadav R, Lee GY, Gober JG, Li Z, ElSohly AM, Ovacik AM, Koerber JT, Spiess C, Josephs JL, Tran JC. High-Throughput Analyses of Therapeutic Antibodies Using High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combined with SampleStream and Intact Protein Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17263-17272. [PMID: 37956201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Intact protein mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with liquid chromatography was applied to characterize the pharmacokinetics and stability profiles of therapeutic proteins. However, limitations from chromatography, including throughput and carryover, result in challenges with handling large sample numbers. Here, we combined intact protein MS with multiple front-end separations, including affinity capture, SampleStream, and high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), to perform high-throughput and specific mass measurements of a multivalent antibody with one antigen-binding fragment (Fab) fused to an immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody. Generic affinity capture ensures the retention of both intact species 1Fab-IgG1 and the tentative degradation product IgG1. Subsequently, the analytes were directly loaded into SampleStream, where each injection occurs within ∼30 s. By separating ions prior to MS detection, FAIMS further offered improvement in signal-overnoise by ∼30% for denatured protein MS via employing compensation voltages that were optimized for different antibody species. When enhanced FAIMS transmission of 1Fab-IgG1 was employed, a qualified assay was established for spiked-in serum samples between 0.1 and 25 μg/mL, resulting in ∼10% accuracy bias and precision coefficient of variation. Selective FAIMS transmission of IgG1 as the degradation surrogate product enabled more sensitive detection of clipped species for intact 1Fab-IgG1 at 5 μg/mL in serum, generating an assay to measure 1Fab-IgG1 truncation between 2.5 and 50% with accuracy and precision below 20% bias and coefficient of variation. Our results revealed that the SampleStream-FAIMS-MS platform affords high throughput, selectivity, and sensitivity for characterizing therapeutic antibodies from complex biomatrices qualitatively and quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Liuqing Shi
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Michael A Dillon
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Philip D Compton
- Integrated Protein Technologies, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - William S Sawyer
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John R Thorup
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mandy Kwong
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Pamela Chan
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cecilia P C Chiu
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rajbharan Yadav
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Genee Y Lee
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joshua G Gober
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhiyu Li
- The DMPK Service Department, WuXi AppTec Inc., Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Adel M ElSohly
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ayse Meric Ovacik
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James T Koerber
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christoph Spiess
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan L Josephs
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John C Tran
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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4
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Schneck NA, Mehl JT, Kellie JF. Protein LC-MS Tools for the Next Generation of Biotherapeutic Analyses from Preclinical and Clinical Serum. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:1837-1846. [PMID: 37478497 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
LC-MS analysis of therapeutic antibodies and other biotherapeutics from in-life studies (e.g., serum/plasma) has evolved from simple peptide digestion to peptide mapping and intact mass monitoring. From more advanced analytical approaches, a deeper understanding as to the fate of the biotherapeutic in vivo is gained. Here, we examine the next generation of approaches to facilitate the most comprehensive understanding of large molecule drug fate in circulation. Three case studies are presented: (1) use of relative and absolute calibration curves for biotherapeutic quantitation from the same sample set; (2) top-down mass spectrometry applied to bioanalytical assays; (3) biotherapeutic protein complexes from serum analyzed by native protein MS. We anticipate that these approaches will be further adapted and applied by other research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Schneck
- Analytical Development, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd., Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John T Mehl
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd., Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John F Kellie
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd., Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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5
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Emerging affinity ligands and support materials for the enrichment of monoclonal antibodies. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Mu R, Yuan J, Huang Y, Meissen JK, Mou S, Liang M, Rosenbaum AI. Bioanalytical Methods and Strategic Perspectives Addressing the Rising Complexity of Novel Bioconjugates and Delivery Routes for Biotherapeutics. BioDrugs 2022; 36:181-196. [PMID: 35362869 PMCID: PMC8972746 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increase in the discovery and development of biotherapeutics employing new modalities, such as bioconjugates or novel routes of delivery, has created bioanalytical challenges. The inherent complexity of conjugated molecular structures means that quantification of the bioconjugate and its multiple components is critical for preclinical/clinical studies to inform drug discovery and development. Moreover, bioconjugates involve additional multifactorial complexity because of the potential for in vivo catabolism and biotransformation, which may require thorough investigations in multiple biological matrices. Furthermore, excipients that enhance absorption are frequently evaluated and employed for the development of oral and inhaled biotherapeutics. Risk-benefit assessments are required for novel or existing excipients that utilize dosages above previously approved levels. Bioanalytical methods that can measure both excipients and potential drug metabolites in biological matrices are highly relevant to these emerging bioanalysis challenges. We discuss the bioanalytical strategies for analyzing bioconjugates such as antibody-drug conjugates and antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates and review recent advances in bioanalytical methods for the quantification and characterization of novel bioconjugates. We also discuss bioanalytical considerations for both biotherapeutics and excipients through novel administration routes and review analyses in various biological matrices, from the extensively studied serum or plasma to tissue biopsy in the context of preclinical and clinical studies from both technical and regulatory perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Mu
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiaqi Yuan
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yue Huang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John K Meissen
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Si Mou
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meina Liang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anton I Rosenbaum
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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7
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Kellie JF, Tran JC, Jian W, Jones B, Mehl JT, Ge Y, Henion J, Bateman KP. Intact Protein Mass Spectrometry for Therapeutic Protein Quantitation, Pharmacokinetics, and Biotransformation in Preclinical and Clinical Studies: An Industry Perspective. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1886-1900. [PMID: 32869982 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in immunocapture methods and mass spectrometer technology have enabled intact protein mass spectrometry to be applied for the characterization of antibodies and other large biotherapeutics from in-life studies. Protein molecules have not been traditionally studied by intact mass or screened for catabolites in the same manner as small molecules, but the landscape has changed. Researchers have presented methods that can be applied to the drug discovery and development stages, and others are exploring the possibilities of the new approaches. However, a wide variety of options for assay development exists without clear recommendation on best practice, and data processing workflows may have limitations depending on the vendor. In this perspective, we share experiences and recommendations for current and future application of mass spectrometry for biotherapeutic molecule monitoring from preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Kellie
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - John C Tran
- Biochemical & Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wenying Jian
- DMPK, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Barry Jones
- Q Squared Solutions, 19 Brown Road, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - John T Mehl
- Bioanalytical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08648, United States
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Chemistry, Human Proteomics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jack Henion
- Advion, Inc., 61 Brown Road, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Kevin P Bateman
- PPDM, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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8
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Nguyen JM, Liu X, DeLoffi M, Murisier A, Fekete S, Guillarme D, Lauber MA. Aptamer-based immunoaffinity LC-MS using an ultra-short column for rapid attomole level quantitation of intact mAbs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1173:122694. [PMID: 33866109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of proteins in biofluids has largely involved either traditional ligand binding assays or "bottom-up" mass spectrometry. Recently, top-down mass spectrometry using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) paired with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has emerged as a promising technique, due to the potential of better identification of post-translational modifications (PTMs), lack of downstream interferences, and less time-consuming sample preparation and analysis times. However, it can be difficult with this approach to robustly obtain high-fidelity MS data, especially when pushing for low limits of detection. To address these issues, we developed a chromatographic device with an optimized form factor and stationary phase to improve protein recovery, while reducing run times. We have observed that by using this device, it is possible to achieve attomole quantitation of mAbs without the addition of carrier proteins and with over three-fold higher throughput than columns employed in previous studies. Moreover, we have devised a novel affinity capture method, based on repurposing a unique aptamer ligand that can give 93% recovery of mAb using only a 2 h incubation. When hyphenated together, these two technologies greatly improve the ability to analyze proteins in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Nguyen
- School of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States.
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States
| | - Maureen DeLoffi
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States
| | - Amarande Murisier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Matthew A Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States
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Jashnani A, Kotapati S, Deshpande M, Yamazoe S, Strop P, Rajpal A, Dollinger G. Automated and Faster Affinity Capture Method for Biotransformation Assessment of Site-Specific Antibody Drug Conjugates. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5371-5376. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Jashnani
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Srikanth Kotapati
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Madhura Deshpande
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Sayumi Yamazoe
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Pavel Strop
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Arvind Rajpal
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
- Large Molecule Drug Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gavin Dollinger
- Discovery Biotherapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
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10
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Application of middle-down approach in quantitation and catabolite identification of protein by LC-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:465-479. [PMID: 33719526 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To further enhance the detection sensitivity and increase resolving power of top-down intact protein bioanalysis, middle-down approach was explored. Materials & methods: An monoclonal antibody (mAb) was used as a model protein to evaluate quantitative bioanalytical assay performance and a disulfide linked dimer protein was investigated for its pharmacokinetics properties and catabolism in vivo by middle-down approach. Results & Conclusion: For quantitation of the mAb, different subunits generated by middle-down approach provided different level of signal improvement in biological samples with Lc and half Fc giving five-times better sensitivity than intact mAb. For the dimer protein, middle-down analysis by reduction enabled effective differentiation of the unchanged protein and its oxidized form, and clearly elucidated their respective proteolytic catabolites.
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11
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Intact mAb LC–MS for drug concentration from pre-clinical studies: bioanalytical method performance and in-life samples. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1389-1403. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibody biotherapeutic measurement from pharmacokinetic studies has not been traditionally based on intact molecular mass as is the case for small molecules. However, recent advancements in protein capture and mass spectrometer technology have enabled intact mass detection and quantitation for dosed biotherapeutics. A bioanalytical method validation is part of the regulatory requirement for sample analysis to determine drug concentration from in-life study samples. Results/methodology: Here, an intact protein LC–MS assay is subjected to mock bioanalytical method validation, and unknown samples are compared between intact protein LC–MS and established bioanalytical assay formats: Ligand-binding assay and peptide LC–MS/MS. Discussion/conclusion: Results are presented from the intact and traditional bioanalytical method evaluations, where the in-life sample concentrations were comparable across method types with associated data analyses presented. Furthermore, for intact protein LC–MS, modification monitoring and evaluation of data processing parameters is demonstrated.
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