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Hu W, Liu Y, Li X, Lei L, Lin H, Yuan Q, Mao D, Luo Y. Nanobody-based strategy for rapid and accurate pathogen detection: A case of COVID-19 testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 263:116598. [PMID: 39094292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Antibody pairs-based immunoassay platforms served as essential and effective tools in the field of pathogen detection. However, the cumbersome preparation and limited detection sensitivity of antibody pairs challenge in establishment of a highly sensitive detection platform. In this study, using COVID-19 testing as a case, we utilized readily accessible nanobodies as detection antibodies and further proposed an accurate design concept with a more scientific and efficient screening strategy to obtain ultrasensitive antibody pairs. We employed nanobodies capable of binding different antigenic epitopes of the nucleocapsid (NP) or receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigens sandwich as substitutes for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) sandwich in fast detection formats and utilized time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) microspheres as the signal probe. Consequently, we developed a multi-epitope nanobody sandwich-based fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay (FLFA) strip. Our results suggest that the NP antigen had a detection limit of 12.01pg/mL, while the RBD antigen had a limit of 6.51 pg/mL using our FLFA strip. Based on double mAb sandwiches, the values presented herein demonstrated 4 to 32-fold enhancements in sensitivity, and 32 to 256-fold enhancements compared to commercially available antigen lateral flow assay kits. Furthermore, we demonstrated the excellent characteristics of the proposed test strip, including its specificity, stability, accuracy, and repeatability, which underscores its the prospective utility. Indeed, these findings indicate that our established screening strategy along with the multi-epitope nanobody sandwich mode provides an optimized strategy in the field of pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yichen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Liusheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Huai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qingbin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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2
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Li Z, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Li P, Tang X. Self-Assembly Multivalent Fluorescence-Nanobody Coupled Multifunctional Nanomaterial with Colorimetric Fluorescence and Photothermal to Enhance Immunochromatographic Assay. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19359-19371. [PMID: 37782130 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The multimodal lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has provided accurate and reliable results for fast and immediate detection. Nonetheless, multimodal LFIA remains challenging to develop biosensors with high sensitivity and tolerance to matrix interference in agro-food. In this study, we developed a self-assembled multivalent fluorescence-nanobody (Nb26-EGFP-H6) with 16.5-fold and 30-fold higher affinity and sensitivity than a monovalent nanobody (Nb26). Based on the Nb26-EGFP-H6, we synthesized enhanced immune-probes Zn-CN@Nb26-EGFP-H6 by pyrolyzing and oxidizing an imidazolating zeolite framework-8 (ZIF-8) to obtain photothermal metal-carbon nanomaterials (Zn-CN) for immobilizing Nb26-EGFP-H6. The rough and porous structure of Zn-CN with a large surface area facilitates the enrichment and immobilization of antibodies. A trimodal lateral flow immunoassay (tLFIA) with colorimetric, fluorescent, and photothermal triple signal outputs was constructed for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in maize. Attractively, the Zn-CN-based tLFIA's multiplex guarantees accurate and sensitive detection of AFB1, with triple signal detection limits of 0.0012 ng/mL (colorimetric signals), 0.0094 ng/mL (fluorescent signals), and 0.252 ng/mL (photothermal signals). The sensitivity of the trimode immunosensor was 628-fold and 42-fold higher than that of the original Nb26-based ELISA (IC50) and the unimodal LFIA (LOD). This work provides an idea for constructing a sensitive, tolerant matrix and efficient and accurate analytical platform for rapidly detecting AFB1 in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Food Safety Research Institute, HuBei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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3
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Ohno KI. Recent development of affinity-based assay systems. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1613-1614. [PMID: 37749357 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Ohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-Ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan.
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4
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Liang YF, Li JD, Fang RY, Xu ZL, Luo L, Chen ZJ, Yang JY, Shen YD, Ueda H, Hammock B, Wang H. Design of an Antigen-Triggered Nanobody-Based Fluorescence Probe for PET Immunoassay to Detect Quinalphos in Food Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12321-12328. [PMID: 37527540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron-transfer (PET) immunoassay based on a fluorescence site-specifically labeled nanobody, also called mini Quenchbody (Q-body), exhibits extraordinary sensitivity and saves much time in the homogeneous noncompetitive mode and is therefore regarded as a valuable method. However, limited by the efficiency of both quenching and dequenching of the fluorescence signal before and after antigen binding associated with the PET principle, not all original nanobodies can be used as candidates for mini Q-bodies. Herein, with the anti-quinalphos nanobody 11A (Nb-11A) as the model, we, for the first time, adopt a strategy by combining X-ray structural analysis with site-directed mutagenesis to design and produce a mutant Nb-R29W, and then successfully generate a mini Q-body by labeling with ATTO520 fluorescein. Based on this, a novel PET immunoassay is established, which exhibits a limit of detection of 0.007 μg/mL with a detection time of only 15 min, 25-fold improved sensitivity, and faster by 5-fold compared to the competitive immunoassay. Meanwhile, the recovery test of vegetable samples and validation by the standard ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) both demonstrated that the established PET immunoassay is a novel, sensitive, and accurate detection method for quinalphos. Ultimately, the findings of this work will provide valuable insights into the development of triggered PET fluorescence probes by using existing antibody resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jia-Dong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ru-Yu Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zi-Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jin-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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Ionescu RE. Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunosensors Using Nanobodies as Biocompatible Sniffer Tools of Agricultural Contaminants and Human Disease Biomarkers. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1486. [PMID: 37630022 PMCID: PMC10456424 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies (Nbs) are known as camelid single-domain fragments or variable heavy chain antibodies (VHH) that in vitro recognize the antigens (Ag) similar to full-size antibodies (Abs) and in vivo allow immunoreactions with biomolecule cavities inaccessible to conventional Abs. Currently, Nbs are widely used for clinical treatments due to their remarkably improved performance, ease of production, thermal robustness, superior physical and chemical properties. Interestingly, Nbs are also very promising bioreceptors for future rapid and portable immunoassays, compared to those using unstable full-size antibodies. For all these reasons, Nbs are excellent candidates in ecological risk assessments and advanced medicine, enabling the development of ultrasensitive biosensing platforms. In this review, immobilization strategies of Nbs on conductive supports for enhanced electrochemical immune detection of food contaminants (Fcont) and human biomarkers (Hbio) are discussed. In the case of Fcont, the direct competitive immunoassay detection using coating antigen solid surface is the most commonly used approach for efficient Nbs capture which was characterized with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) when the signal decays for increasing concentrations of free antigen prepared in aqueous solutions. In contrast, for the Hbio investigations on thiolated gold electrodes, increases in amperometric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) signals were recorded, with increases in the antigen concentrations prepared in PBS or spiked real human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Elena Ionescu
- Light, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology (L2n) Laboratory, CNRS EMR 7004, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 Rue Marie Curie CS 42060, 10004 Troyes, France
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6
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Jin BK, Odongo S, Radwanska M, Magez S. NANOBODIES®: A Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5994. [PMID: 36983063 PMCID: PMC10057852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
NANOBODY® (a registered trademark of Ablynx N.V) molecules (Nbs), also referred to as single domain-based VHHs, are antibody fragments derived from heavy-chain only IgG antibodies found in the Camelidae family. Due to their small size, simple structure, high antigen binding affinity, and remarkable stability in extreme conditions, nanobodies possess the potential to overcome several of the limitations of conventional monoclonal antibodies. For many years, nanobodies have been of great interest in a wide variety of research fields, particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This culminated in the approval of the world's first nanobody based drug (Caplacizumab) in 2018 with others following soon thereafter. This review will provide an overview, with examples, of (i) the structure and advantages of nanobodies compared to conventional monoclonal antibodies, (ii) methods used to generate and produce antigen-specific nanobodies, (iii) applications for diagnostics, and (iv) ongoing clinical trials for nanobody therapeutics as well as promising candidates for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-kyung Jin
- Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Steven Odongo
- Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda
- Center for Biosecurity and Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda
| | - Magdalena Radwanska
- Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Magez
- Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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7
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Wu S, Tian J, Xue X, Tang Z, Huang Z, Hammock BD, Morisseau C, Li QX, Xu T. Development of a Genetically Encoded Magnetic Platform in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 for Downstream Processing of Protein Expression System. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2630343. [PMID: 36993437 PMCID: PMC10055543 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2630343/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Protein downstream processing remains a challenge in protein production, especially in low yields of products, in spite of ensuring effective disruption of cell and separation of target proteins. It is complicated, expensive and time-consuming. Here, we report a novel nano-bio-purification system for producing recombinant proteins of interest with automatic purification from engineered bacteria. Results This system employed a complete genetic engineering downstream processing platform for proteins at low expression levels, referred to as a genetically encoded magnetic platform (GEMP). GEMP consists of four elements as follows. (1) A truncated phage lambda lysis cassette (RRz/Rz1) is controllable for lysis of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 (host cell). (2) A surface-expressed nuclease (NucA) is to reduce viscosity of homogenate by hydrolyzing long chain nucleic acids. (3) A bacteriogenic magnetic nanoparticle, known as magnetosome, allows an easy separation system in a magnetic field. (4) An intein realizes abscission of products (nanobodies against tetrabromobisphenol A) from magnetosome. Conclusions In this work, removal of most impurities greatly simplified the subsequent purification procedure. The system also facilitated the bioproduction of nanomaterials. The developed platform can substantially simplify industrial protein production and reduce its cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wu
- China Agricultural University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ting Xu
- China Agricultural University
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8
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A Review on Tetrabromobisphenol A: Human Biomonitoring, Toxicity, Detection and Treatment in the Environment. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062505. [PMID: 36985477 PMCID: PMC10054480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a known endocrine disruptor employed in a range of consumer products and has been predominantly found in different environments through industrial processes and in human samples. In this review, we aimed to summarize published scientific evidence on human biomonitoring, toxic effects and mode of action of TBBPA in humans. Interestingly, an overview of various pretreatment methods, emerging detection methods, and treatment methods was elucidated. Studies on exposure routes in humans, a combination of detection methods, adsorbent-based treatments and degradation of TBBPA are in the preliminary phase and have several limitations. Therefore, in-depth studies on these subjects should be considered to enhance the accurate body load of non-invasive matrix, external exposure levels, optimal design of combined detection techniques, and degrading technology of TBBPA. Overall, this review will improve the scientific comprehension of TBBPA in humans as well as the environment, and the breakthrough for treating waste products containing TBBPA.
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9
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Zuo H, Wang X, Liu W, Chen Z, Liu R, Yang H, Xia C, Xie J, Sun T, Ning B. Nanobody-based magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay for one-pot detection of ochratoxin A. Talanta 2023; 258:124388. [PMID: 36921368 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination seriously threatens food safety and human health and requires sensitive and rapid tools for monitoring. In this study, a convenient enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on Avi-labeled nanobody Nb-2G/streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and magnetic beads (MBS-ELISA) was established for the sensitive detection of OTA, which could be used for one-pot detection without immobilization. After optimization, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the lowest limit of detection value of the MBS-ELISA was 1.17 ng/mL and 0.07 ng/mL and the linear range was 248.8 pg/mL-5.28 ng/mL, respectively, which accords with state criteria for food safety. The developed one-step MBS-ELISA was almost 20-times more sensitive than the classic BA-ELISA and could generate results within 15 min, which was significantly less than the classic BA-ELISA at approximately 3 h. The MBS-ELISA indicated good recovery (86.4-114.3%) in spiked sorghum, buckwheat, and mung bean. Thus, MBS-ELISA represents a very promising strategy for the simple, rapid, and accurate detection of OTA and other toxic and hazardous contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zuo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongfen Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyan Xia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinli Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tieqiang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Baoan Ning
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Li L, Wang X, Chen J, Huang T, Cao H, Liu X. A Novel Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor Based on Resonance Energy Transfer between g-CN and NU-1000(Zr) for Ultrasensitive Detection of Ochratoxin A in Coffee. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040707. [PMID: 36832782 PMCID: PMC9955951 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on nanobody heptamer and resonance energy transfer (RET) between g-C3N4 (g-CN) and NU-1000(Zr) was proposed for ultrasensitive ochratoxin A (OTA) detection. First, OTA heptamer fusion protein was prepared by fusing OTA-specific nanometric (Nb28) with a c-terminal fragment of C4 binding protein (C4bpα) (Nb28-C4bpα). Then, Nb28-C4bpα heptamer with the high affinity used as a molecular recognition probe, of which plenty of binding sites were provided for OTA-Apt-NU-1000(Zr) nanocomposites, thereby improving the immunosensors' sensitivity. In addition, the quantitative analysis of OTA can be achieved by using the signal quenching effect of NU-1000(Zr) on g-CN. As the concentration of OTA increases, the amount of OTA-Apt-NU-1000(Zr) fixed on the electrode surface decreases. RET between g-CN and NU-1000(Zr) is weakened leading to the increase of ECL signal. Thus, OTA content is indirectly proportional to ECL intensity. Based on the above principle, an ultra-sensitive and specific ECL immunosensor for OTA detection was constructed by using heptamer technology and RET between two nanomaterials, with a range from 0.1 pg/mL to 500 ng/mL, and the detection limit of only 33 fg/mL. The prepared ECL-RET immunosensor showed good performance and can be successfully used for the determination of OTA content in real coffee samples, suggesting that the nanobody polymerization strategy and the RET effect between NU-1000(Zr) and g-CN can provide an alternative for improving the sensitivity of important mycotoxin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhi Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Production of Ribosomal Protein S12/Renilla Luciferase Fusion and Development of a Bioluminescent Method for Detection of Aminoglycosides in Pork and Studying Its Recognition Mechanism. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020284. [PMID: 36673376 PMCID: PMC9858597 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the genes of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S12 and renilla luciferase were linked and expressed to produce a fusion protein, and its intermolecular interactions and affinities with sevenaminoglycosides were studied. Then, the fusion protein was used as the core agent to develop a bioluminescent method on a conventional microplate for determination of the residues of thesevenaminoglycosides in pork. This method contained only one sample-loading step, and thus the assay was finished within 30 min. The limits of detection for the sevendrugs were in the range of 0.51-1.1 ng/mL, and the sensitivity for a specific drug was mainly determined by the receptordrug affinity but not related with the binding energy. After general comparison, the present method showed generally better performances than the previously reported enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for aminoglycosides. This is the first study reporting the recognition mechanisms of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S12 for aminoglycosides and developing a bioluminescent method for detection of aminoglycoside residues in pork samples.
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12
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Nanobody@Biomimetic mineralized MOF as a sensing immunoprobe in detection of aflatoxin B1. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Xie X, He Z, Qu C, Sun Z, Cao H, Liu X. Nanobody/NanoBiT system-mediated bioluminescence immunosensor for one-step homogeneous detection of trace ochratoxin A in food. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129435. [PMID: 35753304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous small molecules in food and environment seriously threatens human health, which requires sensitive and rapid tools for monitoring. Using a previously identified nanobody against ochratoxin A (OTA), we herein proposed a homogeneous sensing platform "nanobody/NanoLuc Binary Technology (NanoBiT) system" and developed a nanobody/NanoBiT system-mediated bioluminescence immunosensor (NBL-Immunosens) for OTA using LgBiT (Lg) and SmBiT (Sm), two subunits of the split nanoluciferase (NanoLuc). The core elements of NBL-Immunosens include Lg-nanobody fusion (NLg) and Sm-labeled OTA-bovine serum albumin conjugate (OSm). The antigen-antibody interaction between NLg and OSm triggers the reconstitution of NanoLuc for generating luminescence signals. Moreover, free OTA can compete with OSm for binding to NLg, resulting the decrease of dose-dependent signals. NBL-Immunosens can detect OTA in a one-step assay of 5 min without washing and exhibit a limit of detection of 0.01 ng/mL with a linear range of 0.04-2.23 ng/mL. It shows high selectivity for OTA and has good accuracy and precision in the spiking-and-recovery experiments. Furthermore, its effectiveness was evaluated with real cereal samples and confirmed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and commercial ELISA kits. Hence, the NBL-Immunosens is a very promising tool for rapid, accurate, and selective detection of trace OTA in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhenyun He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chaoshuang Qu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhichang Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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14
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Li L, Liu X, Su B, Zhang H, Li R, Liu Z, Chen Q, Huang T, Cao H. An innovative electrochemical immunosensor based on nanobody heptamer and AuNPs@ZIF-8 nanocomposites as support for the detection of alpha fetoprotein in serum. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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15
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Simultaneous heptamerization of nanobody and alkaline phosphatase by self-assembly and its application for ultrasensitive immunodetection of small molecular contaminants in agro-products. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Wang Y, Xianyu Y. Nanobody and Nanozyme-Enabled Immunoassays with Enhanced Specificity and Sensitivity. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101576. [PMID: 35266636 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassay as a rapid and convenient method for detecting a variety of targets has attracted tremendous interest with its high specificity and sensitivity. Among the commonly used immunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been widely used as a gold standard method in various fields that consists of two main components including a recognition element and an enzyme label. With the rapid advances in nanotechnology, nanobodies and nanozymes enable immunoassays with enhanced specificity and sensitivity compared with conventional antibodies and natural enzymes. This review is focused on the applications of nanobodies and nanozymes in immunoassays. Nanobodies advantage lies in their small size, high specificity, mass expression, and high stability. Nanozymes with peroxidase, phosphatase, and oxidase activities and their applications in immunoassays are highlighted and discussed in detail. In addition, the challenges and outlooks in terms of the use of nanobodies and the development of novel nanozymes in practical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
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17
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Su B, Bei Z, Pei H, Xie X, Sun Z, Chen Q, Cao H, Liu X. Generation of a nanobody-alkaline phosphatase heptamer fusion for ratiometric fluorescence immunodetection of trace alpha fetoprotein in serum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:507-515. [PMID: 35063488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is an important biomarker for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whereas, it is always a challenge to detect trace AFP in serum. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (RFEIA) was developed using nanobody-alkaline phosphatase (Nb-AP) heptamer and MnFe layered double hydroxides nanoflakes (MnFe LDH) for ultrasensitive detection of AFP. The Nb-AP heptamer (Nb-C4bpα-AP) was constructed by fusion expression of Nb, AP, and α-chain of C4 binding protein (C4bpα), where the C4bpα contributed to multimerization through self-assembly. The dual functional Nb-C4bpα-AP can recognize AFP, dephosphorylate ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AAP) into ascorbic acid (AA), and thus tune the MnFe LDH-mediated ratiometric fluorescence, which was generated from the oxidization of MnFe LDH on o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and the catalyzation of MnFe LDH on the cyclization reaction between AA and OPD. By integration of Nb-C4bpα-AP, MnFe LDH, AAP, and OPD, the RFEIA showed a limit of detection of 0.013 ng/mL with good selectivity, accuracy and precision. Furthermore, results of clinical serum samples tested by the RFEIA were well confirmed by the automated chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Thus, this work demonstrated that the Nb-C4bpα-AP is a robust immunoreagent and the developed RFEIA could be a very promising tool for diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchao Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zheng Bei
- Cadre Sanatorium of Hainan, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Hua Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhichang Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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18
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Su B, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Tang Z, Xie X, Chen Q, Cao H, Yu X, Xu Y, Liu X, Hammock BD. Fluonanobody-based nanosensor via fluorescence resonance energy transfer for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126838. [PMID: 34411960 PMCID: PMC8889937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in food is a serious threat to public health. There is an urgent need for development of rapid and sensitive methods for OTA detection, to minimize consumer exposure to OTA. In this study, we constructed two OTA-specific fluonanobodies (FluoNbs), with a nanobody fused at the carboxyl-terminal (SGFP-Nb) or the amino-terminal (Nb-SGFP) of superfolder green fluorescence protein. SGFP-Nb, which displayed better fluorescence performance, was selected as the tracer for OTA, to develop a FluoNb-based nanosensor (FN-Nanosens) via the fluorescence resonance energy transfer, where the SGFP-Nb served as the donor and the chemical conjugates of OTA-quantum dots served as the acceptor. After optimization, FN-Nanosens showed a limit of detection of 5 pg/mL, with a linear detection range of 5-5000 pg/mL. FN-Nanosens was found to be highly selective for OTA and showed good accuracy and repeatability in recovery experiments using cereals with various complex matrix environments. Moreover, the contents of OTA in real samples measured using FN-Nanosens correlated well with those from the liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Therefore, this work illustrated that the FluoNb is an ideal immunosensing tool and that FN-Nanosens is reliable for rapid detection of OTA in cereals with ultrahigh sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchao Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization of Western Fruit Resources and College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710119, China
| | - Zhichang Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zongwen Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xing Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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19
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Yan T, Zhu J, Li Y, He T, Yang Y, Liu M. Development of a biotinylated nanobody for sensitive detection of aflatoxin B 1 in cereal via ELISA. Talanta 2021; 239:123125. [PMID: 34920257 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination is a severe threat to food safety and human health, and requires continuous monitoring. In this study, we developed a biotin-streptavidin-amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BA-ELISA) by using biotinylated nanobody Nb26 and streptavidin-conjugated polymerized horseradish peroxide (SA-PolyHRP) for sensitive and rapid detection of AFB1 in cereal. Under the optimal condition, the IC50 value of the BA-ELISA was improved to 0.21 ng mL-1 for AFB1, satisfying the requirement of detection limit in practical applications. The total assay time of our strategy is reduced to 50 min from 2 h in conventional competitive ELISA. Additionally, the BA-ELISA saves as much as 98% of the antibody in comparison to the previous classic ELISA. Our work also demonstrated an interesting phenomenon that the biotinylated Nb26 achieved better selectivity to AFB1, which could possibly result from the steric hindrance that interferes reaction between the Nb26 and the AFB1 analogs. Furthermore, the assay was used to detect AFB1 in two cereal samples, and the results were in good agreement with that obtained by high performance liquid chromatography. The developed BA-ELISA can be used for routine screening analysis of AFB1, and offers a promising strategy for measuring low concentrations of food contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Hubei Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Hubei Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Hubei Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Hubei Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Hubei Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Hubei Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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20
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He J, Chen X, Shi S, Tang F, Huo N, Gu S. Multivalent nanobody as capture antibody-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in urine. Anal Biochem 2021; 632:114390. [PMID: 34560055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanobodies (Nbs) as capture antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) is greatly hampered by their poor performance after attaching onto polystyrene microplates. Reasons behind those phenomena remain unknown. One of possible explanation is that Nbs with a single domain might lose their accessibility of paratope when adsorbed on the plates. Increasing their binding sites might improve performance in capture Nbs-based ELISA. In this study, anti-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) Nbs was assembled to trivalent form (Nb3) in tandem with flexible linkers (G4S)3. Direct competitive ELISA on the basis of Nb3 and 3-PBA-horseradish peroxidase was developed for detection of 3-PBA in livestock urine. The ELISA had a half-maximum (IC50) inhibition concentration of 0.51 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of 0.02 ng/mL, which was more sensitive than that of the parental Nb with a IC50 of 2.39 ng/mL. The average recoveries of 3-PBA spiked in swine, sheep and dairy cow urine samples by the assay ranged from 89.52% to 114.25% and agreed well with those of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The above results indicated that multivalent Nbs could be treated as the capture antibody in ELISA for routine screening analysis of 3-PBA residues in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Shengrui Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Fang Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Nairui Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
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21
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Nanobody multimerization strategy to enhance the sensitivity of competitive ELISA for detection of ochratoxin A in coffee samples. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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22
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Yu S, Li Z, Li J, Zhao S, Wu S, Liu H, Bi X, Li D, Dong J, Duan S, Hammock BD. Generation of Dual functional Nanobody-Nanoluciferase Fusion and its potential in Bioluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay for trace Glypican-3 in Serum. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2021; 336:129717. [PMID: 35250176 PMCID: PMC8896807 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.129717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a serological biomarker for the diagnosis of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it is a challenging task to develop a bioassay for determination of the trace GPC3 in serum. In this study, Bioluminescense immunoassay based on bifunctional nanobody-nanoluciferase fusion was developed with the ultra-sensitive feature to achieve this goal. First, nanobodies special against GPC-3 binder as biological recognition element were generated by immunization and phage display technology. Second, The best clone GPN2 was fused with nanoluciferase as a dual-functional immunoreagent to establish an ultra-sensitive bioluminescence enzyme immunoassay (BLEIA), which is 30 and 5 times more sensitive than the traditional colorimetric assay and fluorescent assay, respectively. The cross-reactivity analysis of BLEIA showed that there was no cross-reactivity with HCC related tumor markers AFP, CEA, CA19-9 and GPC1/GPC2. The limit of detection (LOD) of developed BLEIA was 1.5 ng/mL, which assured its application in the diagnosis of GPC3 in 94 serum samples. This study indicates that BLEIA based on nanobody-nanoluciferase fusion could be used as a useful tool for the diagnosis of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yu
- Medical College, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545005, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545005, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Zhenfeng Li
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Jingzhang Li
- Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Shimei Zhao
- Medical College, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Shanguang Wu
- Medical College, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Hongjing Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Xiongjie Bi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Jiexian Dong
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Research Center for Innovative Anti-Cancer Drugs, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Corresponding author: Siliang Duan, and Jiexian Dong,
| | - Siliang Duan
- Medical College, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545005, China
- Corresponding author: Siliang Duan, and Jiexian Dong,
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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