1
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Werth EG, Roos D, Philip ET. Immunocapture LC-MS methods for pharmacokinetics of large molecule drugs. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:165-177. [PMID: 38348660 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Implementation of immunocapture LC-MS methods to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of large molecule drugs has become a widely used technique over the past decade. As the pharmaceutical industry strives for speediness into clinical development without jeopardizing quality, robust assays with generic application across the pipeline are becoming instrumental in bioanalysis, especially in early-stage development. This review highlights the capabilities and challenges involved in hybrid immunocapture LC-MS techniques and its continued applications in nonclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic assay design. This includes a comparison of LC-MS-based approaches to conventional ligand-binding assays and the driving demands in large molecule drug portfolios including growing sensitivity requirements and the unique challenges of new modalities requiring innovation in the bioanalytical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Werth
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - David Roos
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Elsy T Philip
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
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2
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Papatheocharidou C, Samanidou V. Two-Dimensional High-Performance Liquid Chromatography as a Powerful Tool for Bioanalysis: The Paradigm of Antibiotics. Molecules 2023; 28:5056. [PMID: 37446719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The technique of two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography has managed to gain the recognition it deserves thanks to the advantages of satisfactory separations it can offer compared to simple one-dimensional. This review presents in detail key features of the technique, modes of operation, and concepts that ensure its optimal application and consequently the best possible separation of even the most complex samples. Publications focusing on the separation of antibiotics and their respective impurities are also presented, providing information concerning the analytical characteristics of the technique related to the arrangement of the instrument and the chromatographic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Papatheocharidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Victoria Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Mu R, Huang Y, Bouquet J, Yuan J, Kubiak RJ, Ma E, Naser S, Mylott WR, Ismaiel OA, Wheeler AM, Burkart R, Cortes DF, Bruton J, Arends RH, Liang M, Rosenbaum AI. Multiplex Hybrid Antigen-Capture LC-MRM Quantification in Sera and Nasal Lining Fluid of AZD7442, a SARS-CoV-2-Targeting Antibody Combination. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14835-14845. [PMID: 36269894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AZD7442 (tixagevimab [AZD8895]/cilgavimab [AZD1061]) is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) combination in development for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. Traditionally, bioanalysis of mAbs is performed using ligand binding assays (LBAs), which offer sensitivity, robustness, and ease of implementation. However, LBAs frequently require generation of critical reagents that typically take several months. Instead, we developed a highly sensitive (5 ng/mL limit of quantification) method using a hybrid LBA-liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach for quantification of the two codosed antibodies in serum and nasal lining fluid (NLF), a rare matrix. The method was optimized by careful selection of multiple reaction monitoring, capture reagents, magnetic beads, chromatographic conditions, evaluations of selectivity, and matrix effect. The final assay used viral spike protein receptor-binding domain as capture reagent and signature proteotypic peptides from the complementarity-determining region of each mAb for detection. In contrast to other methods of similar/superior sensitivity, our approach did not require multidimensional separations and can be operated in an analytical flow regime, ensuring high throughput and robustness required for clinical analysis at scale. The sensitivity of this method significantly exceeds typical sensitivity of ∼100 ng/mL for analytical flow 1D LBA-LC-MS/MS methods for large macromolecules, such as antibodies. Furthermore, infection and vaccination status did not impact method performance, ensuring method robustness and applicability to a broad patient population. This report demonstrated the general applicability of the hybrid LBA-LC-MS/MS approach to platform quantification of antibodies with high sensitivity and reproducibility, with specialized extension to matrices of increasing interest, such as NLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Mu
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yue Huang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jerome Bouquet
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jiaqi Yuan
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Robert J Kubiak
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Eric Ma
- Research and Development Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratories, Richmond, Virginia 23230, United States
| | - Sami Naser
- Research and Development Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratories, Richmond, Virginia 23230, United States
| | - William R Mylott
- Research and Development Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratories, Richmond, Virginia 23230, United States
| | - Omnia A Ismaiel
- Research and Development Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratories, Richmond, Virginia 23230, United States.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 2, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aaron M Wheeler
- Research and Development Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratories, Richmond, Virginia 23230, United States
| | - Rebecca Burkart
- Research and Development Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratories, Richmond, Virginia 23230, United States
| | - Diego F Cortes
- Research and Development Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratories, Richmond, Virginia 23230, United States
| | - James Bruton
- Research and Development Biologics by LC-MS/MS, PPD Laboratories, Richmond, Virginia 23230, United States
| | - Rosalinda H Arends
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Meina Liang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Anton I Rosenbaum
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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4
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Meng L, Chan EW, Ng C, Aimi J, Tran JC, Oh AJ, Merchant M, Purkey HE, Heffron TP, Kaur S, Xu K, Shi Z, He J. Assessment of KRAS G12C Target Engagement by a Covalent Inhibitor in Tumor Biopsies Using an Ultra-Sensitive Immunoaffinity 2D-LC-MS/MS Approach. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12927-12933. [PMID: 36083155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, with KRAS G12C recently becoming an actionable target for small molecule intervention. GDC-6036 is an investigational KRAS G12C inhibitor that acts by irreversibly binding to the switch II pocket of KRAS G12C when in the inactive GDP-bound state, thereby blocking GTP binding and activation. Assessing target engagement is an essential component of clinical drug development, helping to demonstrate mechanistic activity, guide dose selection, understand pharmacodynamics as it relates to clinical response, and explore resistance. Here, we report the development of an ultra-sensitive approach for assessing KRAS G12C engagement. Immunoaffinity enrichment with a commercially available anti-RAS antibody was combined with a targeted 2D-LC-MS/MS technique to quantify both free and GDC-6036-bound KRAS G12C proteins. A KRAS G12C-positive non-small cell lung cancer xenograft model was dosed with GDC-6036 to assess the feasibility of this assay for analyzing small core needle biopsies. As predicted, dose-dependent KRAS G12C engagement was observed. To date, a sensitivity of 0.08 fmol/μg of total protein has been achieved for both free and GDC-6036-bound KRAS G12C with as little as 4 μg of total protein extracted from human tumor samples. This sub-fmol/μg level of sensitivity provides a powerful potential approach to assess covalent inhibitor target engagement at the site of action using core needle tumor biopsies from clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyao Meng
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emily W Chan
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Junko Aimi
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John C Tran
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Angela J Oh
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark Merchant
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hans E Purkey
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Timothy P Heffron
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Surinder Kaur
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhen Shi
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jintang He
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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5
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Ogiso H, Suno R, Kobayashi T, Kawami M, Takano M, Ogasawara M. A Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method to Study the Interaction between Membrane Proteins and Low-Molecular-Weight Compound Mixtures. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154889. [PMID: 35956840 PMCID: PMC9369908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular interaction analysis is an essential technique for the study of biomolecular functions and the development of new drugs. Most current methods generally require manipulation to immobilize or label molecules, and require advance identification of at least one of the two molecules in the reaction. In this study, we succeeded in detecting the interaction of low-molecular-weight (LMW) compounds with a membrane protein mixture derived from cultured cells expressing target membrane proteins by using the size exclusion chromatography-mass spectrometry (SEC-MS) method under the condition of 0.001% lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol as detergent and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. This method allowed us to analyze the interaction of a mixture of medicinal herbal ingredients with a mixture of membrane proteins to identify the two interacting ingredients. As it does not require specialized equipment (e.g., a two-dimensional liquid chromatography system), this SEC-MS method enables the analysis of interactions between LMW compounds and relatively high-expressed membrane proteins without immobilization or derivatization of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ogiso
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Imizu 939-0363, Toyama, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryoji Suno
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan; (R.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan; (R.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Masashi Kawami
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City 734-8553, Hiroshima, Japan; (M.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City 734-8553, Hiroshima, Japan; (M.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Masaru Ogasawara
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Imizu 939-0363, Toyama, Japan;
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6
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Da Ruos J, Baldo MA, Daniele S. Analytical Methods for the Determination of Major Drugs Used for the Treatment of COVID-19. A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1698-1732. [PMID: 35195461 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2039094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
At the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak (end 2019 - 2020), therapeutic treatments based on approved drugs have been the fastest approaches to combat the new coronavirus pandemic. Nowadays several vaccines are available. However, the worldwide vaccination program is going to take a long time and its success will depend on the vaccine public's acceptance. Therefore, outside of vaccination, the repurposing of existing antiviral, anti-inflammatory and other types of drugs, have been considered an alternative medical strategy for the COVI-19 infection. Due to the broad clinical potential of the drugs, but also to their possible side effects, analytical methods are needed to monitor the drug concentrations in biological fluids and pharmaceutical products. This review deals with analytical methods developed in the period 2015 - July 2021 to detect potential drugs that, according to a literature survey, have been taken into consideration for the treatment of COVID-19. The drugs considered here have been selected on the basis of the number of articles published in the period January 2020-July 2021, using the combination of the keywords: COVID-19 and drugs or SARS-CoV-2 and drugs. A section is also devoted to monoclonal antibodies. Over the period considered, the analytical methods have been employed in a variety of real samples, such as body fluids (plasma, blood and urine), pharmaceutical products, environmental matrices and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Da Ruos
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - M Antonietta Baldo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Mestre-Venezia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Daniele
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Mestre-Venezia, Italy
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7
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Wang P, Tang L, Zhou B, Cheng L, Zhao RC, Zhang J. Analytical methods for the detection of PD-1/PD-L1 and other molecules related to immune checkpoints. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Thakur A, Tan Z, Kameyama T, El-Khateeb E, Nagpal S, Malone S, Jamwal R, Nwabufo CK. Bioanalytical strategies in drug discovery and development. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:434-458. [PMID: 34310243 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1959606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A reliable, rapid, and effective bioanalytical method is essential for the determination of the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicokinetic parameters that inform the safety and efficacy profile of investigational drugs. The overall goal of bioanalytical method development is to elucidate the procedure and operating conditions under which a method can sufficiently extract, qualify, and/or quantify the analyte(s) of interest and/or their metabolites for the intended purpose. Given the difference in the physicochemical properties of small and large molecule drugs, different strategies need to be adopted for the development of an effective and efficient bioanalytical method. Herein, we provide an overview of different sample preparation strategies, analytical platforms, as well as procedures for achieving high throughput for bioanalysis of small and large molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarzoo Thakur
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Tan
- Department of Early Clinical Development, dMed-Clinipace, Shanghai, China
| | - Tsubasa Kameyama
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eman El-Khateeb
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Shakti Nagpal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Rohitash Jamwal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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