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Zhang Q, Xie T, Yi X, Xing G, Feng S, Chen S, Li Y, Lin JM. Microfluidic Aqueous Two-Phase Focusing of Chemical Species for In Situ Subcellular Stimulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45640-45650. [PMID: 37733946 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Confinement of chemical species in a controllable micrometer-level (several to a dozen micrometers) space in an aqueous environment is essential for precisely manipulating chemical events in subcellular regions. However, rapid diffusion and hard-to-control micrometer-level fluids make it a tough challenge. Here, a versatile open microfluidic method based on an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is developed to restrict species inside an open space with micron-level width. Unequal standard chemical potentials of the chemical species in two phases and space-time correspondence in the microfluidic system prevent outward diffusion across the phase interface, retaining the target species inside its preferred phase flow and creating a sharp boundary with a dramatic concentration change. Then, the chemical flow (the preferred phase with target chemical species) is precisely manipulated by a microfluidic probe, which can be compressed to a micron-level width and aimed at an arbitrary position of the sample. As a demonstration of the feasibility and versatility of the strategy, chemical flow is successfully applied to subcellular regions of various kinds of living single cells. Subcellular regions are successfully labeled (cytomembrane and mitochondria) and damaged. Healing-regeneration behaviors of living single cells are triggered by subcellular damage and analyzed. The method is relatively general regarding the species of chemicals and biosamples, which could promote deeper cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianze Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xizhen Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gaowa Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shulang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Taylor DP, Mathur P, Renaud P, Kaigala GV. Microscale hydrodynamic confinements: shaping liquids across length scales as a toolbox in life sciences. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1415-1437. [PMID: 35348555 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01101d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic phenomena can be leveraged to confine a range of biological and chemical species without needing physical walls. In this review, we list methods for the generation and manipulation of microfluidic hydrodynamic confinements in free-flowing liquids and near surfaces, and elucidate the associated underlying theory and discuss their utility in the emerging area of open space microfluidics applied to life-sciences. Microscale hydrodynamic confinements are already starting to transform approaches in fundamental and applied life-sciences research from precise separation and sorting of individual cells, allowing localized bio-printing to multiplexing for clinical diagnosis. Through the choice of specific flow regimes and geometrical boundary conditions, hydrodynamic confinements can confine species across different length scales from small molecules to large cells, and thus be applied to a wide range of functionalities. We here provide practical examples and implementations for the formation of these confinements in different boundary conditions - within closed channels, in between parallel plates and in an open liquid volume. Further, to enable non-microfluidics researchers to apply hydrodynamic flow confinements in their work, we provide simplified instructions pertaining to their design and modelling, as well as to the formation of hydrodynamic flow confinements in the form of step-by-step tutorials and analytical toolbox software. This review is written with the idea to lower the barrier towards the use of hydrodynamic flow confinements in life sciences research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Taylor
- IBM Research - Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
- Microsystems Laboratory 4, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Prerit Mathur
- IBM Research - Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Microsystems Laboratory 4, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Govind V Kaigala
- IBM Research - Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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Shallan AI, Tavares Y, Navvab Kashani M, Breadmore MC, Priest C. An Open Microfluidic Chip for Continuous Sampling of Solute from a Turbulent Particle Suspension. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2654-2657. [PMID: 33037834 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
High solids content complicates in situ analysis of chemical processing, biological suspensions, and environmental streams. In most cases, analytical methods require at least one pre-treatment step of a small volume of sample before a particle-free fluid can be analyzed. We have developed a continuous in situ sampler that can "sip" particle-free solution from a turbulent high solids content stream (a slurry). An open microfluidic chip with an extended slit opening shields the internal laminar flow from the turbulence outside. Unlike other open chips, our chip does not require close proximity to a solid surface and operates in turbulent environments for hours without maintenance. Two applications are demonstrated: monitoring FeIII in a stirred slurry of mixed ore particles at high solids loading (4 %wt) and paracetamol tablet dissolution profiles for two different formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa I Shallan
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Yakini Tavares
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Moein Navvab Kashani
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia.,Australian National Fabrication Facility-, South Australia Node, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Craig Priest
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia.,Australian National Fabrication Facility-, South Australia Node, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
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Shallan AI, Tavares Y, Navvab Kashani M, Breadmore MC, Priest C. An Open Microfluidic Chip for Continuous Sampling of Solute from a Turbulent Particle Suspension. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa I. Shallan
- Future Industries Institute University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy Helwan University Helwan, Cairo 11795 Egypt
| | - Yakini Tavares
- Future Industries Institute University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
| | - Moein Navvab Kashani
- Future Industries Institute University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
- Australian National Fabrication Facility— South Australia Node Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
| | - Michael C. Breadmore
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry University of Tasmania Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Craig Priest
- Future Industries Institute University of South Australia Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
- Australian National Fabrication Facility— South Australia Node Mawson Lakes SA 5095 Australia
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