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Yang R, He W, Zhu C, Yang X, Kuang Y, Zhu T, Xu J, Zhao Y, Jiang T, Liu Y, Wei M. Exquisite visualization of mitophagy and monitoring the increase of lysosomal micro-viscosity in mitophagy with an unusual pH-independent lysosomal rotor. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1302:342506. [PMID: 38580410 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitophagy plays indispensable roles in maintaining intracellular homeostasis in most eukaryotic cells by selectively eliminating superfluous components or damaged organelles. Thus, the co-operation of mitochondrial probes and lysosomal probes was presented to directly monitor mitophagy in dual colors. Nowadays, most of the lysosomal probes are composed of groups sensitive to pH, such as morpholine, amine and other weak bases. However, the pH in lysosomes would fluctuate in the process of mitophagy, leading to the optical interference. Thus, it is crucial to develop a pH-insensitive probe to overcome this tough problem to achieve exquisite visualization of mitophagy. RESULTS In this study, we rationally prepared a pH-independent lysosome probe to reduce the optical interference in mitophagy, and thus the process of mitophagy could be directly monitored in dual color through cooperation between IVDI and MTR, depending on Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism. IVDI shows remarkable fluorescence enhancement toward the increase of viscosity, and the fluorescence barely changes when pH varies. Due to the sensitivity to viscosity, the probe can visualize micro-viscosity alterations in lysosomes without washing procedures, and it showed better imaging properties than LTR. Thanks to the inertia of IVDI to pH, IVDI can exquisitely monitor mitophagy with MTR by FRET mechanism despite the changes of lysosomal pH in mitophagy, and the reduced fluorescence intensity ratio of green and red channels can indicate the occurrence of mitophagy. Based on the properties mentioned above, the real-time increase of micro-viscosity in lysosomes during mitophagy was exquisitely monitored through employing IVDI. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY Compared with the lysosomal fluorescent probes sensitive to pH, the pH-inert probe could reduce the influence of pH variation during mitophagy to achieve exquisite visualization of mitophagy in real-time. Besides, the probe could monitor the increase of lysosomal micro-viscosity in mitophagy. So, the probe possesses tremendous potential in the visualization of dynamic changes related to lysosomes in various physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Wei He
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Changxin Zhu
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Xifeng Yang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Yawei Kuang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Jingyang Xu
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Yuang Zhao
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Tingwang Jiang
- Department of Key Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Yushen Liu
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Mengmeng Wei
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
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Wang Y, Wang P, Li C. Fluorescence microscopic platforms imaging mitochondrial abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114841. [PMID: 37088402 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are progressive disorders that cause the degeneration of neurons. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common symptom in NDs and plays a crucial role in neuronal loss. Mitochondrial abnormalities can be observed in the early stages of NDs and evolve throughout disease progression. Visualizing mitochondrial abnormalities can help understand ND progression and develop new therapeutic strategies. Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for dynamically imaging mitochondria due to its high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. This review discusses the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and ND progression, potential biomarkers for imaging dysfunctional mitochondria, advances in fluorescence microscopy for detecting organelles, the performance of fluorescence probes in visualizing ND-associated mitochondria, and the challenges and opportunities for developing new generations of fluorescence imaging platforms for monitoring mitochondria in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University Shanghai 201203, China.
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Ge E, Dong B, Gou Z, Tian M. Hot-Band Absorption of a Cationic RNA Probe Enables Visualization of ΔΨm via the Controllable Anti-Stokes Shift Emission. Anal Chem 2022; 94:960-967. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enxiang Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoli Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Gou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minggang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang Q, Xue H, Niu J, Tian M, Yu X. Construction of fluorescent probes for ratiometric visualization of mitochondrial depolarization based on the FRET mechanism. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01376b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two fluorescent probes based on the FRET mechanism were reasonably fabricated for the visualization of mitochondrial depolarization in a ratiometric manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Haiyan Xue
- School of Information Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jie Niu
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Minggang Tian
- School of Information Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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Lin B, Liu Y, Zhang X, Fan L, Shu Y, Wang J. Membrane-Activated Fluorescent Probe for High-Fidelity Imaging of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. ACS Sens 2021; 6:4009-4018. [PMID: 34757720 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) is a key indicator of cell health or injury due to its vital roles in adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis. Thus, monitoring ΔΨm is of great significance for the assessment of cell status, diagnosis of diseases, and medicament screening. Cationic fluorescent probes suffer from severe photobleaching or false positive signals due to the luminescence of the probe on non-mitochondria. Herein, we report a lipophilic cationic fluorescent probe [1-methyl-2-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)styryl)-β-naphthothiazol-1-ium trifluoromethanesulfonate (TPE-NT)] with the features of aggregation-induced emission and intramolecular charge transfer for imaging ΔΨm in live cells. TPE-NT is enriched on the surface of the mitochondrial inner membrane due to the negative ΔΨm, and its fluorescence is activated in the high-viscosity microenvironment. The false positive signals of emission from TPE-NT on non-mitochondria are therefore effectively eliminated. Moreover, TPE-NT exhibits a Stokes shift of >200 nm, near-infrared (∼675 nm) emission, excellent photostability, and low cytotoxicity, which facilitate real-time imaging in live cells. Cell imaging confirmed that the probe can rapidly and reliably report mitochondrial depolarization (decrement of ΔΨm) during cell damage caused by CCCP and H2O2 as well as mitochondrial polarization (increment of ΔΨm) by oligomycin. Furthermore, the probe successfully detected the reduction of ΔΨm in these cell models of hypoxia, heat damage, acidification, aging, inflammation, mitophagy, and apoptosis caused by hypoxia, heatstroke, lactate/pyruvate, doxorubicin, lipopolysaccharide, rapamycin, monensin, and nystatin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yunfan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Li Fan
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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Liang Z, Sun Y, Duan R, Yang R, Qu L, Zhang K, Li Z. Low Polarity-Triggered Basic Hydrolysis of Coumarin as an AND Logic Gate for Broad-Spectrum Cancer Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12434-12440. [PMID: 34473470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to accurately diagnose cancer is the cornerstone of early cancer treatment. The mitochondria in cancer cells maintain a higher pH and lower polarity relative to that in normal cells. A probe that reports signals only when both conditions are met may provide a reliable method for cancer detection with reduced false positives. Here, we construct an AND logic gate fluorescent probe using mitochondrial microenvironments as inputs. Utilizing the hydrolysis of a coumarin scaffold, the probe generates fluorescence signals ("ON") only when high pH (>7.0) and low polarity conditions exist simultaneously. Additionally, the higher mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells provides an additional level of selectivity because probe has increased affinity for cancer cell mitochondria. These capabilities endow the probe with a high contrast fluorescence diagnosis ability of cancer at cellular and tissue levels (as high as 51.9 fold), which is far exceeding the clinic threshold of 2.0 fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqiang Liang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuanqiang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ruihong Duan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ran Yang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Guo D, Sun J, Tian M, Lin W. Fabrication of a fluorescent probe for reversibly monitoring mitochondrial membrane potential in living cells. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1715-1719. [PMID: 33861238 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02294b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles in cells, which play an important role in metabolism and many other vital biological events. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) is a significant biological parameter participating in various procedures. However, fluorescent probes for monitoring MMP are rarely reported, which greatly limited the related studies. Herein, we present the rational design, synthesis, and living cell imaging studies of a fluorescent probe REP for monitoring MMP changes based on organic cationic fluorophores. In live cells with high MMP levels, REP can exclusively light up mitochondria with intense fluorescence. Upon the loss of MMP, the emission of intracellular REP evidently decreased. The reversible changes in MMP have been successfully monitored by REP, and the oxidative damages to live cells have been detected with the probe. The probe is expected to serve as a desired tool in studying MMP and related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Guo
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China.
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