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Mu Q, Tian W, Zhang J, Li R, Ji Y. Nanocrystalline Porous Materials for Chiral Separation: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Applications. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7864-7879. [PMID: 38320090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Mu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wanting Tian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yibing Ji
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
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Hu S. Copper (II) Ions Induced Self-Disproportionation of Enantiomers in Capillary Electrophoresis for the Quantification of Atenolol Enantiomers. Molecules 2023; 28:5908. [PMID: 37570878 PMCID: PMC10420844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) has been found for several decades and has been widely used in crystallization, sublimation and chromatography for the purification or separation of nonracemic compounds, the phenomenon of SDE in capillary electrophoresis (CE) has never been reported up to now. Here, a new approach to separate enantiomers in CE based on SDE was demonstrated by introducing copper (II) ions into the separation media. The enantiomers of atenolol interact with copper ions to produce positively charged complexes with different electrophoretic mobilities from the single molecules. The dynamic equilibrium between homo- or heterochiral complexes (associates) and single molecules of atenolol enantiomers supports the manifestation of SDE. Different mobilities of the single molecules and associates, and different distribution of two enantiomers between the single molecules and associates caused by their different concentrations, produce a net difference in electrodriven migration velocities of the two enantiomers. The relative movement of two enantiomers causes a zone depleted in one enantiomer at the rear end of sample segment, giving a trapezoidal CE curve with a step at the end. Quantification of enantiomers is achieved according to the step height. The analysis does not rely on the use of enantiomerically pure chiral selector and the result agrees with that obtained by conventional chiral CE using a chiral selector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shu-Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Chen Y, Xia L, Li G. The progress on porous organic materials for chiral separation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463341. [PMID: 35870277 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chiral compounds have similar structures and properties, but their pharmacological action is very different or even opposite. Therefore, the separation of chiral compounds has great significance in pharmaceutical and agriculture. Porous organic materials are novel crystalline porous materials, which possess high surface area, controllable pore size, and favorable functionalization. Therefore, porous organic materials are considered to be an ideal material for chiral separation. In this review, we summarized the progress of chiral porous organic materials for chiral separation in recent years. Furthermore, the applications of chiral porous organic materials as chiral separation medias (chromatography stationary phases and membrane materials) in enantioseparation were highlighted. Finally, the remaining challenges and future directions for porous organic materials in chiral separation were also briefly outlined further to promote the development of porous organic materials in chiral separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Peluso P, Chankvetadze B. Recognition in the Domain of Molecular Chirality: From Noncovalent Interactions to Separation of Enantiomers. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13235-13400. [PMID: 35917234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is not a coincidence that both chirality and noncovalent interactions are ubiquitous in nature and synthetic molecular systems. Noncovalent interactivity between chiral molecules underlies enantioselective recognition as a fundamental phenomenon regulating life and human activities. Thus, noncovalent interactions represent the narrative thread of a fascinating story which goes across several disciplines of medical, chemical, physical, biological, and other natural sciences. This review has been conceived with the awareness that a modern attitude toward molecular chirality and its consequences needs to be founded on multidisciplinary approaches to disclose the molecular basis of essential enantioselective phenomena in the domain of chemical, physical, and life sciences. With the primary aim of discussing this topic in an integrated way, a comprehensive pool of rational and systematic multidisciplinary information is provided, which concerns the fundamentals of chirality, a description of noncovalent interactions, and their implications in enantioselective processes occurring in different contexts. A specific focus is devoted to enantioselection in chromatography and electromigration techniques because of their unique feature as "multistep" processes. A second motivation for writing this review is to make a clear statement about the state of the art, the tools we have at our disposal, and what is still missing to fully understand the mechanisms underlying enantioselective recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB, CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Avenue 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia
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Luo H, Bai X, Liu H, Qiu X, Chen J, Ji Y. β-Cyclodextrin covalent organic framework modified-cellulose acetate membranes for enantioseparation of chiral drugs. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Chen Y, Xia L, Lu Z, Li G, Hu Y. In situ fabrication of chiral covalent triazine frameworks membranes for enantiomer separation. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462475. [PMID: 34438304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and high-flux enantiomer separation is significant for drug development. Membrane separation technology provides promising approaches for enantiomer separations. Porous membrane with good selectivity and high permeability is an ideal choice for enantiomer separations. Herein, we demonstrate the preparation of a novel two-dimensional chiral covalent triazine frameworks (CCTF) membrane by "in situ growth" method. Inheriting the strong chirality and specific interactions from CCTF, the CCTF membranes exhibited good enantioselectivity for drug intermediates and drug, including (R)/(S)-1-phenylethanol, (R)/(S)-1,1'-binaphthol and (R)/(S)-ibuprofen. Under optimal separation conditions, the enantiomeric excess value (e.e %) was above 21.7 % for (R)/(S)-1-phenylethanol, 12.0% for (R)/(S)-1,1'-binaphthol and 9.7 % for (R)/(S)-ibuprofen. The mechanism of the CCTF recognizing enantiomers were simulated by quantum mechanical calculations. In addition, the mechanism was also proved by the separation of enantiomers using this CCTF-modified silica column in liquid chromatography. The CCTF membrane may bring about the potentially application for large-scale production of chiral compounds. Meanwhile, this work provides a theoretical guidance for the application of CCOFs in enantiomer separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zicheng Lu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yuling Hu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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