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Feng G, Shi Y, Jia H, Risal S, Yang X, Ruchhoeft P, Shih WC, Fan Z, Xu W, Shan X. Progressive and instantaneous nature of lithium nucleation discovered by dynamic and operando imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6813. [PMID: 37224260 PMCID: PMC10208563 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of lithium (Li) nucleation and growth is important to design better electrodes for high-performance batteries. However, the study of Li nucleation process is still limited because of the lack of imaging tools that can provide information of the entire dynamic process. We developed and used an operando reflection interference microscope (RIM) that enables real-time imaging and tracking the Li nucleation dynamics at a single nanoparticle level. This dynamic and operando imaging platform provides us with critical capabilities to continuously monitor and study the Li nucleation process. We find that the formation of initial Li nuclei is not at the exact same time point, and Li nucleation process shows the properties of both progressive and instantaneous nucleation. In addition, the RIM allows us to track the individual Li nucleus's growth and extract spatially resolved overpotential map. The nonuniform overpotential map indicates that the localized electrochemical environments substantially influence the Li nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Yaping Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Hao Jia
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Samprash Risal
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Paul Ruchhoeft
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Wei-Chuan Shih
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Zheng Fan
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Wu Xu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Xiaonan Shan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Feng G, Jia H, Shi Y, Yang X, Liang Y, Engelhard MH, Zhang Y, Yang C, Xu K, Yao Y, Xu W, Shan X. Imaging solid-electrolyte interphase dynamics using operando reflection interference microscopy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41565-023-01316-3. [PMID: 36759704 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The quality of the solid-electrolyte interphase is crucial for the performance of most battery chemistries, but its formation dynamics during operation are not well understood due to a lack of reliable operando characterization techniques. Herein, we report a dynamic, non-invasive, operando reflection interference microscope to enable the real-time imaging of the solid-electrolyte interphase during its formation and evolution processes with high sensitivity. The stratified structure of the solid-electrolyte interphase formed during four distinct steps includes the emergence of a permanent inner inorganic layer enriched in LiF, a transient assembly of an interfacial electrified double layer and a consequent emergence of a temporary outer organic-rich layer whose presence is reversible with electrochemical cycling. Reflection interference microscope imaging reveals an inverse correlation between the thicknesses of two interphasial subcomponents, implying that the permanent inorganic-rich inner layer dictates the organic-rich outer layer formation and lithium nucleation. The real-time visualization of solid-electrolyte interphase dynamics provides a powerful tool for the rational design of battery interphases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hao Jia
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Yaping Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanliang Liang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kang Xu
- Battery Science Branch, Energy Science Division, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA.
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Wu Xu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Xiaonan Shan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Liu Q, Helú MAB, Walcarius A, Liu L. Visualization of working electrode reactivity from an electrochromic counter electrode. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Liu S, Gao Y, Wang W, Wang X. Optical mapping of the evolution of water content during the swelling of hydrophilic polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:599-602. [PMID: 36537229 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05774c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The water content of hydrophilic polymers is a fundamental property that regulates their performance. Herein, we report a new technique for optically imaging the water content of hydrophilic polymers both in static and dynamic evolution during swelling, based on mapping the interfacial refractive index of hydrophilic polymers with label-free total internal reflection microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yajing Gao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Meng Y, Chen F, Wu C, Krause S, Wang J, Zhang DW. Light-Addressable Electrochemical Sensors toward Spatially Resolved Biosensing and Imaging Applications. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1791-1807. [PMID: 35762514 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The light-addressable electrochemical sensor (LAES) is a recently emerged bioanalysis technique combining electrochemistry with the photoelectric effect in a semiconductor. In an LAES, a semiconductor substrate is illuminated locally to generate charge carriers in a well-defined area, thereby confining the electrochemical process to a target site. Benefiting from the unique light addressability, an LAES can not only detect multiple analytes in parallel within a single sensor plate but also act as a bio(chemical) imaging sensor to visualize the two-dimensional distribution of specific analytes. An LAES usually has three working modes: a potentiometric mode using light-addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) and an impedance mode using scanning photoinduced impedance microscopy (SPIM), while an amperometric mode refers to light-addressable electrochemistry (LAE) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing. In this review, we describe the detection principles of each mode of LAESs and the concept of light addressability. In addition, we highlight the recent progress and advance of LAESs in spatial resolution, sensor system design, multiplexed detection, and bio(chemical) imaging applications. An outlook on current research challenges and future prospects is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Meng
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Fangming Chen
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chunsheng Wu
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Steffi Krause
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - De-Wen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, 710061, China
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