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Wu X, Deng Y, Xu Y, Kang H, Hu JJ, Yoon J, Liang G. Activatable Fluorescence and Bio/Chemiluminescence Probes for Aminopeptidases: From Design to Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2409893. [PMID: 39235570 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Aminopeptidases are exopeptidases that catalyze the cleavage of amino acid residues from the N-terminal fragment of protein or peptide substrates. Owing to their function, they play important roles in protein maturation, signal transduction, cell-cycle control, and various disease mechanisms, notably in cancer pathology. To gain better insights into their function, molecular imaging assisted by fluorescence and bio/chemiluminescence probes has become an indispensable method to their superiorities, including excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and real-time and noninvasive imaging. Numerous efforts are made to develop activatable probes that can effectively enhance efficiency and accuracy as well as minimize the side effects. This review is classified according to the type of aminopeptidases, summarizing some recent works on the design, work mechanism, and sensing, imaging, and theranostic performance of their activatable probe. Finally, the current challenges are outlined in developing activatable probes for aminopeptidases and provide possible solutions for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jing-Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Yao Y, Song L, Zuo Z, Chen Z, Wang Y, Cai H, Gu Y, Lv Z, Guan J, Chen R, Wang B, Yang L, Huang X, Wang L. Parthenolide attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension through inhibiting STAT3 signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:155976. [PMID: 39265445 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic lung disease characterized by the progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling with increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular failure. Pulmonary vascular remodeling involves the proliferation, migration, and resistance to apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth cells (PASMCs). Parthenolide (PTN) is a bioactive compound derived from a traditional medical plant feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), and it has been studied for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and other related ailments. However, the function of PTN in the treatment of PH has not been studied. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis effects of PTN on PH and investigate its potential mechanisms. METHODS An in vivo hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) model was established by maintaining male rats in a hypoxia chamber (10% O2) for 3 weeks, and PTN was intraperitoneally administered at the dose of 10 or 30 mg/kg. We assessed the impact of PTN on mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy. In vitro, we evaluated hypoxia-induced cellular proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of rat PASMCs. Proteins related to the STAT3 signaling axis were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Recovery experiments were performed using the STAT3 activator, colivelin TFA. RESULTS PTN significantly alleviated the symptoms of HPH rats by attenuating pulmonary arterial remodeling. It also prevented the proliferation and migration of PASMCs. PTN also induced the apoptosis of PASMCs. PTN could directly interact with STAT3 and markedly inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. In vitro, and in vivo experiments demonstrated that overexpression of STAT3 partially suppressed the effect of PTN. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that PTN alleviated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats by suppressing STAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhu Yao
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lanlan Song
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ziyi Zuo
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yijia Wang
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Haijian Cai
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yanting Gu
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhanghang Lv
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jiale Guan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Rujie Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Boxiang Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lehe Yang
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Pulmonary Division, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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Xu C, Cui K, Ye Z, Feng Y, Wang H, Liu HW. Recent Advances of Aminopeptidases-Responsive Small-Molecular Probes for Bioimaging. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400052. [PMID: 38436107 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Aminopeptidases, enzymes with critical roles in human body, are emerging as vital biomarkers for metabolic processes and diseases. Aberrant aminopeptidase levels are often associated with diseases, particularly cancer. Small-molecule probes, such as fluorescent, fluorescent/photoacoustics, bioluminescent, and chemiluminescent probes, are essential tools in the study of aminopeptidases-related diseases. The fluorescent probes provide real-time insights into protein activities, offering high sensitivity in specific locations, and precise spatiotemporal results. Additionally, photoacoustic probes offer signals that are able to penetrate deeper tissues. Bioluminescent and chemiluminescent probes can enhance in vivo imaging abilities by reducing the background. This comprehensive review is focused on small-molecule probes that respond to four key aminopeptidases: aminopeptidase N, leucine aminopeptidase, Pyroglutamate aminopeptidase 1, and Prolyl Aminopeptidase, and their utilization in imaging tumors and afflicted regions. In this review, the design strategy of small-molecule probes, the variety of designs from previous studies, and the opportunities of future bioimaging applications are discussed, serving as a roadmap for future research, sparking innovations in aminopeptidase-responsive probe development, and enhancing our understanding of these enzymes in disease diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Shizhen College of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550200, China
| | - Kaixi Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States
| | - Zhifei Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yurong Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Huabin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hong-Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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Zhang S, Ma M, Li J, Li J, Xu L, Gao D, Ma P, Han H, Song D. A Pyroglutamate Aminopeptidase 1 Responsive Fluorescence Imaging Probe for Real-Time Rapid Differentiation between Thyroiditis and Thyroid Cancer. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5897-5905. [PMID: 38557023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Current diagnostic methods for thyroid diseases, including blood tests, ultrasound, and biopsy, always have difficulty diagnosing thyroiditis accurately, occasionally mistaking it for thyroid cancer. To address this clinical challenge, we developed Ox-PGP1, a novel fluorescent probe realizing rapid, noninvasive, and real-time diagnostic techniques. This is the first imaging tool capable of noninvasively distinguishing between thyroiditis and thyroid cancer. Ox-PGP1 was introduced as a fluorescent probe custom-built for the specific detection and quantification of pyroglutamate aminopeptidase 1 (PGP-1), a known pivotal biomarker of inflammation. Ox-PGP1 overcame the disadvantages of traditional enzyme-responsive fluorescent probes that relied on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism, including the issue of high background fluorescence, while offering exceptional photostability under laser irradiation. The spectral properties of Ox-PGP1 were meticulously optimized to enhance its biocompatibility. Furthermore, the low limit of detection (LOD) of Ox-PGP1 was determined to be 0.09 μg/mL, which demonstrated its remarkable sensitivity and precision. Both cellular and in vivo experiments validated the capacity of Ox-PGP1 for accurate differentiation between normal, inflammatory, and cancerous thyroid cells. Furthermore, Ox-PGP1 showed the potential to rapidly and sensitively differentiate between autoimmune thyroiditis and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in a mouse model, achieving results in just 5 min. The successful design and application of Ox-PGP1 represent a substantial advancement in technology over traditional diagnostic approaches, potentially enabling earlier interventions for thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mo Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jingkang Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lanlan Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dejiang Gao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hui Han
- Thyroid Surgery Department, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
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Jiang H, Gong Q, Zhang R. Pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase 1 is a potential molecular target toward diagnosing and treating inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1301539. [PMID: 38098480 PMCID: PMC10720611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiuyu Gong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Song L, Xu R, Cai W, Liang J, Cao N, Gao J, Tang X. IL-6 upregulates the expression of IL-6R through the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway to promote progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13271. [PMID: 38441314 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involves multifactor, multistep interactions. High expression of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumours, but the regulatory mechanism of IL-6R expression and its function in HCC have not been fully defined. Western blot was used to evaluate the phosphorylation of key kinases in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and the protein expression levels of related proliferation molecules, migration molecules and apoptotic molecules. The antiapoptosis, migration and proliferation of cells of each group were analysed with JC-1 to judge the cell apoptosis rate, the EdU method to determine the proliferation vitality of the cells, clone formation experiments and Transwell experiments. High expression of IL-6R in cell lines, lower protein levels of the apoptotic molecules c-Caspase7 and c-Caspase3 and higher protein levels of the proliferative molecules p-P70S6K and migration molecules MMP9 and MMP2 were consistent with stronger antiapoptosis, proliferation and migration. Interestingly, IL-6 upregulated the expression of IL-6R by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Also, the expression of IL-6R protein was downregulated after lentivirus knockdown of STAT3. In nude mice bearing subcutaneous tumours, upregulation of IL-6R expression after activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway by IL-6 significantly increased tumour growth. Moreover, the expression of IL-6R protein was downregulated, and the terminal tumour volume was significantly downregulated in the lentiviral STAT3 knockdown group. IL-6 regulated the transcription of IL-6R through the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
| | - Ruyue Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
| | - Wenpeng Cai
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
| | - Niandie Cao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Jiafeng Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
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An enzyme activated fluorescent probe for LTA 4H activity sensing and its application in cancer screening. Talanta 2023; 253:123887. [PMID: 36088846 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of cancer is an efficient strategy to prevent tumor progression and improve the survival rate of patients. However, to discovery of reliable tumor-specific biomarkers remains a great challenge. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is a bifunctional zinc metalloenzyme with epoxide hydrolase activity and aminopeptidase activity, which plays important roles in allergic and inflammatory reactions and showed strong relevance with carcinoma progression. We thus sought to investigate the possibility of application LTA4H activity detection in cancer diagnosis. To achieve this, we herein develop an enzyme activated fluorescent probe for LTA4H activity sensing by incorporating the specific recognition unit of LTA4H with a red-emitting fluorophore. The acquired probe (named as ADMAB) showed high sensitivity and specificity toward LTA4H in vitro. By further application of ADMAB in living cells, significantly elevated LTA4H activity in cancer cell lines was observed when compared with normal cell lines and in vivo tracing A549 tumor in nude mice was also realized by ADMAB. Meanwhile, the wound-healing assay further revealed the importance of LTA4H in tumor metastasis. Moreover, the LTA4H activity in human serum sample was successfully detected by ADMAB and significantly elevated LTA4H activity in patients diagnosed with cancer was firstly found, which demonstrated ADMAB to be a useful tool for cancer diagnosis and LTA4H related biological study.
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Recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent probes for diagnosis of cancer cells/tissues. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fu YX, Guo WY, Wang N, Dai YJ, Zhang ZY, Sun XL, Yang WC, Yang GF. Diagnosis of Bacterial Plant Diseases via a Nitroreductase-Activated Fluorescent Sensor. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17692-17699. [PMID: 36469707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by bacteria have become one of the serious problems that threaten human food security, which led to the remarkable reduction of agricultural yields and economic loss. Nitroreductase (NTR), as an important biomarker, is highly expressed in bacteria, and the level of NTR is closely related to the progression of pathogen infection. Therefore, the design of small-molecule fluorescent sensors targeting NTR is of great significance for the detection and diagnosis of plant pathogenic bacteria. In this study, a new fluorescent sensor targeting NTR was discovered and then successfully applied to the imaging of zebrafish and pathogenic bacteria. Most importantly, the developed sensor achieved the real-time diagnosis of Brassica napus L. infected with bacteria, which provides a promising tool for examining the temporal and spatial infection of plant pathogens in precision agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Yingzheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Lin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, P.R. China
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