1
|
Yamaguchi H, Hsu JM, Sun L, Wang SC, Hung MC. Advances and prospects of biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101621. [PMID: 38906149 PMCID: PMC11293349 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) activate anti-cancer immunity by blocking T cell checkpoint molecules such as programmed death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Although ICIs induce some durable responses in various cancer patients, they also have disadvantages, including low response rates, the potential for severe side effects, and high treatment costs. Therefore, selection of patients who can benefit from ICI treatment is critical, and identification of biomarkers is essential to improve the efficiency of ICIs. In this review, we provide updated information on established predictive biomarkers (tumor programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1] expression, DNA mismatch repair deficiency, microsatellite instability high, and tumor mutational burden) and potential biomarkers currently under investigation such as tumor-infiltrated and peripheral lymphocytes, gut microbiome, and signaling pathways related to DNA damage and antigen presentation. In particular, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge of biomarkers, discuss issues, and further explore future biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Graduate Institute of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan; Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Mao Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan; Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
| | - Linlin Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan; Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan; Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center and Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan; Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Ding L, Ju H. In Situ Glycan Analysis and Editing in Living Systems. JACS AU 2024; 4:384-401. [PMID: 38425935 PMCID: PMC10900212 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Besides proteins and nucleic acids, carbohydrates are also ubiquitous building blocks of living systems. Approximately 70% of mammalian proteins are glycosylated. Glycans not only provide structural support for living systems but also act as crucial regulators of cellular functions. As a result, they are considered essential pieces of the life science puzzle. However, research on glycans has lagged far behind that on proteins and nucleic acids. The main reason is that glycans are not direct products of gene coding, and their synthesis is nontemplated. In addition, the diversity of monosaccharide species and their linkage patterns contribute to the complexity of the glycan structures, which is the molecular basis for their diverse functions. Research in glycobiology is extremely challenging, especially for the in situ elucidation of glycan structures and functions. There is an urgent need to develop highly specific glycan labeling tools and imaging methods and devise glycan editing strategies. This Perspective focuses on the challenges of in situ analysis of glycans in living systems at three spatial levels (i.e., cell, tissue, and in vivo) and highlights recent advances and directions in glycan labeling, imaging, and editing tools. We believe that examining the current development landscape and the existing bottlenecks can drive the evolution of in situ glycan analysis and intervention strategies and provide glycan-based insights for clinical diagnosis and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haiqi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Ding
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu S, Zhao F, Xu K, Cao M, Sohail M, Li B, Zhang X. Harnessing aptamers for the biosensing of cell surface glycans - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342044. [PMID: 38220315 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cell surface glycans (CSGs) are essential for cell recognition, adhesion, and invasion, and they also serve as disease biomarkers. Traditional CSG recognition using lectins has limitations such as limited specificity, low stability, high cytotoxicity, and multivalent binding. Aptamers, known for their specific binding capacity to target molecules, are increasingly being employed in the biosensing of CSGs. Aptamers offer the advantage of high flexibility, small size, straightforward modification, and monovalent recognition, enabling their integration into the profiling of CSGs on living cells. In this review, we summarize representative examples of aptamer-based CSG biosensing and identify two strategies for harnessing aptamers in CSG detection: direct recognition based on aptamer-CSG binding and indirect recognition through protein localization. These strategies enable the generation of diverse signals including fluorescence, electrochemical, photoacoustic, and electrochemiluminescence signals for CSG detection. The advantages, challenges, and future perspectives of using aptamers for CSG biosensing are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Yuhua Hospital, Nanjing, 210012, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin B, Xiao F, Jiang J, Zhao Z, Zhou X. Engineered aptamers for molecular imaging. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14039-14061. [PMID: 38098720 PMCID: PMC10718180 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03989g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging, including quantification and molecular interaction studies, plays a crucial role in visualizing and analysing molecular events occurring within cells or organisms, thus facilitating the understanding of biological processes. Moreover, molecular imaging offers promising applications for early disease diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation. Aptamers are oligonucleotides that can recognize targets with a high affinity and specificity by folding themselves into various three-dimensional structures, thus serving as ideal molecular recognition elements in molecular imaging. This review summarizes the commonly employed aptamers in molecular imaging and outlines the prevalent design approaches for their applications. Furthermore, it highlights the successful application of aptamers to a wide range of targets and imaging modalities. Finally, the review concludes with a forward-looking perspective on future advancements in aptamer-based molecular imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Lin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology of Zhongnan Hospital, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology of Zhongnan Hospital, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Jinting Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology of Zhongnan Hospital, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Zhengjia Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology of Zhongnan Hospital, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers-Ministry of Education, Department of Hematology of Zhongnan Hospital, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu J, Ren Z, Sun Y, Xu L, Wei D, Tan W, Ding D. Investigation of the Relationship between Aptamers' Targeting Functions and Human Plasma Proteins. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24329-24342. [PMID: 38044589 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules capable of recognizing targets via specific three-dimensional structures. Taking advantage of this unique targeting function, aptamers have been extensively applied to bioanalysis and disease theranostics. However, the targeting functionality of aptamers in the physiological milieu is greatly impeded compared with their in vitro applications. To investigate the physiological factors that adversely affect the in vivo targeting ability of aptamers, we herein systematically studied the interactions between human plasma proteins and aptamers and the specific effects of plasma proteins on aptamer targeting. Microscale thermophoresis and flow cytometry analysis showed that plasma interacted with aptamers, restricting their affinity toward targeted tumor cells. Further pull-down assay and proteomic identification verified that the interactions between aptamers and plasma proteins were mainly involved in complement activation and immune response as well as showed structure-selective and sequence-specific features. Particularly, the fibronectin 1 (FN1) protein showed dramatically specific interactions with nucleolin (NCL) targeting aptamer AS1411. The competitive binding between FN1 and NCL almost deprived the AS1411 aptamer's targeting ability in vivo. In order to maintain the targeting function in the physiological milieu, a series of optimizations were performed via the chemical modifications of AS1411 aptamer, and 3'-terminal pegylation was demonstrated to be resistant to the interaction with FN1, leading to improved tumor-targeting effects. This work emphasizes the physiological environment influences on aptamers targeting functionality and suggests that rational design and modification of aptamers to minimize the nonspecific interaction with plasma proteins might be effective to maintain aptamer functionality in future clinical uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Ren
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Liujun Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Wei
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li T, Xing S, Liu Y. Simultaneous Proximity DNAzyme-Activated Duplexed Protein-Specific Glycosylation Imaging on Cell Surface via Bioorthogonal Chemistry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17790-17797. [PMID: 37994926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the scarcity of strategies to evaluate the multiple subtype monosaccharides in one specific protein simultaneously within a single assay, understanding the glycosylation mechanisms and revealing their roles in disease development become extremely challenging. Herein, a strategy of proximity DNAzyme-activated fluorescence imaging of multiplex saccharides in a protein on the cell surface via bio-orthogonal chemistry is reported. The multichannel proximity DNAzyme-activated fluorescence recovery enabled the highly selective and effective imaging analysis of multiplexed protein-specific glycosylation in situ and has been demonstrated. This strategy is successfully applied to visualize the sialylation and fucosylation in four specific proteins on different cell lines and evaluate the variations of protein-specific glycosylation in response to the alterations of the cellular physiological status. More importantly, the quantitative tracking of the terminal sialyation and fucosylation changes at the single-protein level is realized by assigning the target protein as the native reference, which has the potential to be a versatile platform for glycobiology research and clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Simin Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu L, Lu S, Wang H, Xu H, Ye BC. Dual-Recognition Triggered Proximity Ligation Combined with a Rolling Circle Amplification Strategy for Analysis of Exosomal Protein-Specific Glycosylation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15745-15754. [PMID: 37842978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal surface glycan reveals the biological function and molecular information on the protein, especially in indicating the pathogenesis of certain diseases through monitoring of specific protein glycosylation accurately. However, in situ and nondestructive measurement techniques for certain Exosomal glycoproteins are still lacking. In this work, combined with on-chip purification, we designed a proximity ligation assay-induced rolling circle amplification (RCA) strategy for highly sensitive identification of Exosomal protein-specific glycosylation based on a couple of proximity probes to target Exosomal protein and the protein-specific glycosylation site. Benefiting from efficient separation, scalable dual-recognition, and proximity-triggered RCA amplification, the proposed strategy could convert different protein-specific glycan levels to prominent changes in absorbance signals, resulting in accurate quantification of specific glycosylated Exosomal protein. When detecting the glycosylated PD-L1 on MDA-MB-231 exosomes and glycosylated PTK7 on HepG2 exosomes, the detection limits were calculated to be as low as 1.04 × 104 and 2.759 × 103 particles/mL, respectively. In addition, we further expand the dual-recognition site to investigate the potential correlation of Exosomal glycosylation with polarization of THP-1 cells toward the tumor-suppressive M1 phenotype. Overall, this strategy provides a universal tool for multiple analyses of diverse protein-specific glycosylated exosomes, exhibiting enormous potential to explore exosome function and search for new early diagnosis markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xu
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Huiying Xu
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Lab of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bertrand P. Aptamers Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis: A Perspective. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10878-10888. [PMID: 37561598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers have emerged in recent years as alternatives to antibodies or small molecules to interfere with the immune check points by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interactions and represent an interesting perspective for immuno-oncology. Aptamers are RNA or DNA nucleotides able to bind to a target with high affinity, with the target ranging from small molecules to proteins and up to cells. Aptamers are identified by the SELEX method that can be modified for specific purposes. The range of applications of aptamers covers therapy as well as new alternative assay technologies similar to ELISA. Aptamers' limited plasma stability can be managed using delivery strategies. The goal of this Perspective is to give an overview of the current development of aptamers targeting the most studied immune checkpoint modulators, PD-1 and PD-L1, and analogous strategies with aptamers for other immuno-related targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bertrand
- University of Poitiers, IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS, 4 rue Michel Brunet B27, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fernandez AI, Gaule P, Rimm DL. Tissue Age Affects Antigenicity and Scoring for the 22C3 Immunohistochemistry Companion Diagnostic Test. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100159. [PMID: 36925070 PMCID: PMC10502188 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody 22C3 is the approved companion diagnostic immunohistochemistry test for treatment with pembrolizumab and cemiplimab in multiple cancer types. The 22C3 and 28-8 antibodies target the extracellular domain (ECD) of PD-L1, which is known to contain N-glycosylation sites. We hypothesize that antigenicity could be affected by the degradation of the glycan part of the epitope and thus change the scoring of the assay over time. Here, we test samples over time and assess the effects of time and deglycosylation on PD-L1 signal by comparing an antibody with an ECD antigen to an antibody with an intracellular domain (ICD) antigen. Ten whole-tissue sections of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from 2018 were selected for testing. Fresh-cut serial sections for each case were stained on DAKO Link48 for 22C3 according to the label. In parallel, a previously described laboratory-developed test using E1L3N (an ICD antibody) was performed on the Leica BondRX. Tumor proportion scores for 22C3 and E1L3N were read by a pathologist and compared to the previous clinical diagnoses. To determine the effect using a quantitative approach, a tissue microarray (TMA) cohort with 90 NSCLC cases was similarly assessed. Finally, to determine whether the possible effect of epitope glycosylation, antibodies were tested before and after enzymatic deglycosylation of specimens. We found that 6 of 7 archival positive samples showed a significant reduction in positive staining with 22C3 compared to the original diagnostic sample assessed 3 years earlier. In an older archival TMA cohort, a quantitative significant difference in signal intensity was noted when staining with 22C3 was compared to E1L3N. This loss of signal was not noted in the fresh cell line TMA consistent with a time-dependent degradation of staining. Finally, quantitative assessment of the fresh TMA showed a significant loss of signal after a deglycosylation procedure when stained with 22C3, which was not seen when stained with E1L3N. We believe that these data show that the glycan part of the 22C3 epitope is not stable over time, and that this issue should be considered when assessing archival tissue for diagnostic or research purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen I Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patricia Gaule
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Internal Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He YF, Cheng K, Zhong ZT, Hou XL, An CZ, Chen W, Liu B, Zhao YD. Simultaneous labeling and multicolor fluorescence imaging of multiple immune cells on liver frozen section by polychromatic quantum dots below freezing points. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 636:42-54. [PMID: 36621128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A method for simultaneous labeling and multicolor fluorescence imaging of different hepatic immune cells below freezing point is established based on quantum dots. In the experiment, carbon quantum dots with emission wavelength of 435 nm, CdTe@CdS quantum dots at 542 nm and CdSe@ZnS quantum dots at 604 nm are synthesized respectively, it is found that when the mass fractions of KCl (as antifreeze) are 12 %, 14 %, and 12 %, respectively, the three quantum dot dispersion systems remain liquid state at -20 °C. After they are conjugated with the corresponding secondary antibodies, agarose gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism and capillary electrophoresis confirm the effectiveness of conjugation. By indirect immunofluorescence method, the above three quantum dot fluorescent probes are used to simultaneously and specifically target a variety of liver immune cells, and the multi-color simultaneous imaging of different liver immune cells is realized under the same excitation wavelength, it is found that hepatic macrophages are arranged radially in the liver, hepatic stellate cells present punctate distribution, and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells present circular distribution, which is consistent with the results of H&E staining and ultrathin section TEM. This study provides an important technical means for elucidating the structure and function of the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei He
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zi-Tao Zhong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lin Hou
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chang-Zhi An
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuan-Di Zhao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Ke Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics (HUST), Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang D, Liu J, Duan J, Ma Y, Gao H, Zhang Z, Liu J, Shi J, Zhang K. Photocontrolled Spatiotemporal Delivery of DNA Immunomodulators for Enhancing Membrane-Targeted Tumor Photodynamic Immunotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44183-44198. [PMID: 36165393 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is emerging as a paradigm-shifting modality for treatment cancer. However, systemic administration of immunomodulators is usually accompanied by extra-tumor toxicity and adverse immune effects. Precise delivery of immunomodulators with a highly controllable system may provide a solution for this issue. Here, we developed a photocontrolled DNA nanomedicine for localized delivery of DNA immunomodulators to enhance membrane-targeted photodynamic immunotherapy. Specifically, the DNA nanomedicine is composed of long tandemly repeated functional DNA sequences (PDL1 aptamers and CpG) with a photosensitizer (TMPyP4) inserted into the DNA structure, providing high drug-loading capacity. By blocking the surface PDL1 aptamer with a pHLIP-modified cDNA, the DNA nanomedicine does not induce any obvious immune response and can be specifically delivered and anchored to the tumor membrane. Under localized irradiation, photodynamically generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes breakage of DNA sequences, which triggers the collapse of the nanostructure and release of internal DNA immunomodulators. Under localized illumination, photodynamically generated ROS can cause DNA sequence breaks, triggering the collapse of nanostructures and the release of internal DNA immunomodulators thus enhancing membrane-targeted photodynamic immunotherapy. We have demonstrated that the developed DNA nanomedicine can drive efficient immune responses in tumor tissue without perceptibly interfering off-tumor immunity, resulting in efficient antitumor treatment while mitigating systemic toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jie Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanrui Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hua Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu L, Chen X, Sun B. Construction of a Recyclable DNAzyme Motor for MUC1-Specific Glycoform In Situ Quantification. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13745-13752. [PMID: 36161871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the glycosylation content, especially in specific proteins, are of great importance for interpreting the mechanisms and development of certain diseases. However, current detection techniques are limited by the weak ionization efficiency of glycosyls and poor anti-interference of fluorescence signals. Herein, we present a general in situ quantification strategy for protein-specific glycoforms by constructing a recyclable DNAzyme motor for mass spectrometric detection using MUC1-specific sialic acid (Sia) as a model. This approach relies on a DNAzyme-based recycling strategy and two well-designed probes: a protein and a glycan probe. The protein probe consists of an aptamer and a DNAzyme. The glycan probe contains three functional domains: a DNAzyme complementary sequence, a substrate peptide segment, and a dibenzocyclooctyne tag. First, these two probes bind to their corresponding targets and trigger hybridization between adjacent probes on the same protein. With the help of the metal cofactor, the DNAzyme of the protein probe hydrolyzes the double-stranded glycan probe. The protein probe then reverts to a single-stranded state and remains intact for the next round of hybridization and cleavage. In this way, the recyclable DNAzyme motor can hydrolyze all glycan probes bound to the target protein. Finally, the reporter peptide released from the hydrolyzed glycan probes can be quantified by mass spectrometry, thereby converting the signal of the protein-specific glycoform to that of mass spectrometry. This strategy has been successfully used for in situ quantification of MUC1-specific Sia in different breast cancer cell lines. It provides a promising platform for protein-specific glycoform quantification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiuyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cao P, Yang X, Liu D, Ye S, Yang W, Xie Z, Lei X. Research progress of
PD‐L1
non‐glycosylation in cancer immunotherapy. Scand J Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang Hunan P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang Hunan P.R. China
| | - Daquan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang Hunan P.R. China
| | - Simin Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang Hunan P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang Hunan P.R. China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang Hunan P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang Hunan P.R. China
- The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China Hengyang Hunan P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kang S, Zhu L, Wang W, Lu Y, You Z, Zhang C, Xu Y, Yang C, Song Y. Amplified visualization and function exploration of exosomal protein-specific glycosylation using hybridization chain reaction from non-functional epitope. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|