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Thirabowonkitphithan P, Žalnėravičius R, Shafaat A, Jakubauskas D, Neilands J, Laiwattanapaisal W, Ruzgas T. Electrogenicity of microbial biofilms of medically relevant microorganisms: potentiometric, amperometric and wireless detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115892. [PMID: 38056343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the progression of biofilm formation is related to the success of infection treatment, detecting microbial biofilms is of great interest. Biofilms of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus gordonii bacteria, Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bacteria, and Candida albicans yeast were examined using potentiometric, amperometric, and wireless readout modes in this study. As a biofilm formed, the open circuit potential (OCP) of biofilm hosting electrode (bioanode) became increasingly negative. Depending on the microorganism, the OCP ranged from -70 to -250 mV. The co-culture generated the most negative OCP (-300 mV vs Ag/AgCl), while the single-species biofilm formed by E. coli developed the least negative (-70 mV). The OCP of a fungal biofilm formed by C. albicans was -100 mV. The difference in electrode currents generated by biofilms was more pronounced. The current density of the S. aureus biofilm was 0.9‧10-7 A cm-2, while the value of the P. aeruginosa biofilm was 1.3‧10-6 A cm-2. Importantly, a biofilm formed by a co-culture of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa had a slightly higher negative OCP value and current density than the most electrogenic P. aeruginosa single-species biofilm. We present evidence that bacteria can share redox mediators found in multi-species biofilms. This synergy, enabling higher current and OCP values of multi-species biofilm hosting electrodes, could be beneficial for electrochemical detection of infectious biofilms in clinics. We demonstrate that the electrogenic biofilm can provide basis to construct novel wireless, chip-free, and battery-free biofilm detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannawich Thirabowonkitphithan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rokas Žalnėravičius
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Electrochemical Material Science, Sauletekio av. 3, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Atefeh Shafaat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dainius Jakubauskas
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jessica Neilands
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Wanida Laiwattanapaisal
- Centre of Excellence for Biosensors and Bioengineering (CEBB), Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Tautgirdas Ruzgas
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
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Sharafeldin M, Rusling JF. Multiplexed electrochemical assays for clinical applications. CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2023; 39:101256. [PMID: 37006828 PMCID: PMC10062004 DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2023.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, accurate diagnoses are central to future efficient healthcare to identify diseases at early stages, avoid unnecessary treatment, and improve outcomes. Electrochemical techniques have been applied in many ways to support clinical applications by enabling the analysis of relevant disease biomarkers in user-friendly, sensitive, low-cost assays. Electrochemistry offers a launchpad for multiplexed biomarker assays that offer more accurate and precise diagnostics compared to single biomarker assays. In this short review, we underpin the importance of multiplexed analyses and provide a universal overview of current electrochemical assay strategies for multiple biomarkers. We highlight relevant examples of electrochemical methods that successfully quantify important disease biomarkers. Finally, we offer a future outlook on possible strategies that can be employed to increase throughput, sensitivity, and specificity of multiplexed electrochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, Uconn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland. H91 TK33
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Kang S, Sharafeldin M, Patrick SC, Chen X, Davis JJ. Ultrafast Biomarker Quantification through Reagentless Capacitive Kinetics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4721-4727. [PMID: 36856747 PMCID: PMC10018454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a facile assessment of binding kinetics at bioreceptive redox-active interfaces as a means of quantifying target proteins. This is achieved by monitoring the redox capacitance (Cr) of a receptor-modified conductive polymer interface under continuous flow. Exemplified with the quantification of C-reactive protein (CRP), capacitance analyses resolve both the association and dissociation regimes in real-time. Significantly, the rate of electrochemical signal change within the association regime is a sensitive function of target concentration, enabling marker assaying down to picomolar levels, comparable to end-point assays, in 15 s. This reagentless proof-of-principle methodology is envisioned to be widely applicable to the facile quantification of a range of other pertinent, clinically relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Sharafeldin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sophie C Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xuanxiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Wang Y, Yan W, Ni M, Zhu C, Du H. Surface valence regulation of cobalt-nickel foams for glucose oxidation-assisted water electrolysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2485-2488. [PMID: 36752266 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05270a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrooxidation reactions of organic molecules that require a much lower overpotential are currently considered as promising alternatives to replace the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis. Herein, an ultrafast oxygen plasma treatment is implemented to modify commercial cobalt-nickel foam (CNF) to regulate the high-valence Co3+ and Ni3+, rendering more active sites, faster reaction kinetics and enhanced response towards glucose. Compared to the OER, the overpotential of the plasma-treated CNF at 10 mA cm-2 was reduced to 133 mV via glucose electro-oxidation coupled with water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Science and Technology College, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ming Ni
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Chuhong Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Haiwei Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Abstract
Recent advances in 3D printing technologies and materials have enabled rapid development of innovative sensors for applications in different aspects of human life. Various 3D printing technologies have been adopted to fabricate biosensors or some of their components thanks to the advantages of these methodologies over the traditional ones, such as end-user customization and rapid prototyping. In this review, the works published in the last two years on 3D-printed biosensors are considered and grouped on the basis of the 3D printing technologies applied in different fields of application, highlighting the main analytical parameters. In the first part, 3D methods are discussed, after which the principal achievements and promising aspects obtained with the 3D-printed sensors are reported. An overview of the recent developments on this current topic is provided, as established by the considered works in this multidisciplinary field. Finally, future challenges on the improvement and innovation of the 3D printing technologies utilized for biosensors production are discussed.
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