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Clarke TB, Krushinski LE, Vannoy KJ, Colón-Quintana G, Roy K, Rana A, Renault C, Hill ML, Dick JE. Single Entity Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9015-9080. [PMID: 39018111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Making a measurement over millions of nanoparticles or exposed crystal facets seldom reports on reactivity of a single nanoparticle or facet, which may depart drastically from ensemble measurements. Within the past 30 years, science has moved toward studying the reactivity of single atoms, molecules, and nanoparticles, one at a time. This shift has been fueled by the realization that everything changes at the nanoscale, especially important industrially relevant properties like those important to electrocatalysis. Studying single nanoscale entities, however, is not trivial and has required the development of new measurement tools. This review explores a tale of the clever use of old and new measurement tools to study electrocatalysis at the single entity level. We explore in detail the complex interrelationship between measurement method, electrocatalytic material, and reaction of interest (e.g., carbon dioxide reduction, oxygen reduction, hydrazine oxidation, etc.). We end with our perspective on the future of single entity electrocatalysis with a key focus on what types of measurements present the greatest opportunity for fundamental discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynn E Krushinski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Kingshuk Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashutosh Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christophe Renault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Megan L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Song Y, Zhang S, Cao C, Yan J, Li M, Li X, Chen F, Gu N. Imaging Structural and Electrical Changes of Aging Cells Using Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301315. [PMID: 38072619 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
The local charge density and distribution of extracellular membranes play a crucial role in the various cellular processes, such as regulation and localization of membrane proteins, electrophysiological signal transduction, transcriptional control, cell growth, and cell death. In this study, a novel scanning ion conductance microscopy-based method is employed to extracellular membrane mapping. This method allows to not only visualize the dynamic topography and surface charge distribution around individual cells, but also distinguish the charge difference. To validate the accuracy and effectiveness of this method, the charge density on model sample surfaces are initially manipulated and the charge sensing mechanism using finite element modeling (FEM) is explored subsequently. By applying this method, both the extracellular charge distributions and topography structures of normal and senescent human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are able to monitor. Interestingly, it is observed that the surface charge became significantly more negative after cellular senescence. This innovative approach enables us to gain valuable insights into surface charge changes during cellular senescence, which can contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Song
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Electromagnetic Environment and Advanced Medical Theranostics, School of biomedical engineering and informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Electromagnetic Environment and Advanced Medical Theranostics, School of biomedical engineering and informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Chen Cao
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Electromagnetic Environment and Advanced Medical Theranostics, School of biomedical engineering and informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Jia Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Electromagnetic Environment and Advanced Medical Theranostics, School of biomedical engineering and informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Li
- The first school of clinical medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Electromagnetic Environment and Advanced Medical Theranostics, School of biomedical engineering and informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Electromagnetic Environment and Advanced Medical Theranostics, School of biomedical engineering and informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
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3
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Gaudin LF, Wright IR, Harris-Lee TR, Jayamaha G, Kang M, Bentley CL. Five years of scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM): new insights and innovations. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12345-12367. [PMID: 38874335 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00859f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is a nanopipette-based technique which enables measurement of localised electrochemistry. SECCM has found use in a wide range of electrochemical applications, and due to the wider uptake of this technique in recent years, new applications and techniques have been developed. This minireview has collected all SECCM research articles published in the last 5 years, to demonstrate and celebrate the recent advances, and to make it easier for SECCM researchers to remain well-informed. The wide range of SECCM applications is demonstrated, which are categorised here into electrocatalysis, electroanalysis, photoelectrochemistry, biological materials, energy storage materials, corrosion, electrosynthesis, and instrumental development. In the collection of this library of SECCM studies, a few key trends emerge. (1) The range of materials and processes explored with SECCM has grown, with new applications emerging constantly. (2) The instrumental capabilities of SECCM have grown, with creative techniques being developed from research groups worldwide. (3) The SECCM research community has grown significantly, with adoption of the SECCM technique becoming more prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan F Gaudin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia.
| | - India R Wright
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia.
| | - Thom R Harris-Lee
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Gunani Jayamaha
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050 NSW, Australia
| | - Minkyung Kang
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2050 NSW, Australia
| | - Cameron L Bentley
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia.
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4
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Guo S, Ma M, Wang Y, Wang J, Jiang Y, Duan R, Lei Z, Wang S, He Y, Liu Z. Spatially Confined Microcells: A Path toward TMD Catalyst Design. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6952-7006. [PMID: 38748433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
With the ability to maximize the exposure of nearly all active sites to reactions, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) has become a fascinating new class of materials for electrocatalysis. Recently, electrochemical microcells have been developed, and their unique spatial-confined capability enables understanding of catalytic behaviors at a single material level, significantly promoting this field. This Review provides an overview of the recent progress in microcell-based TMD electrocatalyst studies. We first introduced the structural characteristics of TMD materials and discussed their site engineering strategies for electrocatalysis. Later, we comprehensively described two distinct types of microcells: the window-confined on-chip electrochemical microcell (OCEM) and the droplet-confined scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM). Their setups, working principles, and instrumentation were elucidated in detail, respectively. Furthermore, we summarized recent advances of OCEM and SECCM obtained in TMD catalysts, such as active site identification and imaging, site monitoring, modulation of charge injection and transport, and electrostatic field gating. Finally, we discussed the current challenges and provided personal perspectives on electrochemical microcell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingyu Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637616, Singapore
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jinbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yubin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ruihuan Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhendong Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yongmin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 639798, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544, Singapore
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Lai Z, Liu M, Bi P, Huang F, Jin Y. Perspectives on Corrosion Studies Using Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy: Challenges and Opportunities. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15833-15850. [PMID: 37844123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) allows for electrochemical imaging at the micro- or nanoscale by confining the electrochemical reaction cell in a small meniscus formed at the end of a micro- or nanopipette. This technique has gained popularity in electrochemical imaging due to its high-throughput nature. Although it shows considerable application potential in corrosion science, there are still formidable and exciting challenges to be faced, particularly relating to the high-throughput characterization and analysis of microelectrochemical big data. The objective of this perspective is to arouse attention and provide opinions on the challenges, recent progress, and future prospects of the SECCM technique to the electrochemical society, particularly from the viewpoint of corrosion scientists. Specifically, four main topics are systematically reviewed and discussed: (1) the development of SECCM; (2) the applications of SECCM for corrosion studies; (3) the challenges of SECCM in corrosion studies; and (4) the opportunities of SECCM for corrosion science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogui Lai
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Peng Bi
- Laboratory for Nuclear Materials, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Feifei Huang
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Ying Jin
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
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Peng Y, Gao C, Deng X, Zhao J, Chen Q. Elucidating the Geometric Active Sites for Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Crystalline Iron-Substituted Cobalt Hydroxide Nanoplates. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37490501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal (oxy)hydroxides are among the most active and studied catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolytes. However, the geometric distribution of active sites is still elusive. Here, using the well-defined crystalline iron-substituted cobalt hydroxide as a model catalyst, we reported the scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) study of single-crystalline nanoplates, where the oxygen evolution reaction at individual nanoplates was isolated and evaluated independently. With integrated prior- and post-SECCM scanning electron microscopy of the catalyst morphology, correlated structure-activity information of individual electrocatalysts was obtained. Our result reveals that while the active sites are largely located at the edges of the pristine Co(OH)2 nanoplates, the Fe lattice incorporation significantly promotes the basal plane activities. Our approach of correlative imaging provides new insights into the effect of iron incorporation on active site distribution across nano-electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Cong Gao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Deng
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qianjin Chen
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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7
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Santana Santos C, Jaato BN, Sanjuán I, Schuhmann W, Andronescu C. Operando Scanning Electrochemical Probe Microscopy during Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4972-5019. [PMID: 36972701 PMCID: PMC10168669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical probe microscopy (SEPM) techniques can disclose the local electrochemical reactivity of interfaces in single-entity and sub-entity studies. Operando SEPM measurements consist of using a SEPM tip to investigate the performance of electrocatalysts, while the reactivity of the interface is simultaneously modulated. This powerful combination can correlate electrochemical activity with changes in surface properties, e.g., topography and structure, as well as provide insight into reaction mechanisms. The focus of this review is to reveal the recent progress in local SEPM measurements of the catalytic activity of a surface toward the reduction and evolution of O2 and H2 and electrochemical conversion of CO2. The capabilities of SEPMs are showcased, and the possibility of coupling other techniques to SEPMs is presented. Emphasis is given to scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santana Santos
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bright Nsolebna Jaato
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ignacio Sanjuán
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Technical Chemistry III, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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