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Zhong ZJ, Ling J, Yao ZP, Liu LF, Zheng JY, Xin GZ. Targeted Quantification of Glutathione/Arginine Redox Metabolism Based on a Novel Paired Mass Spectrometry Probe Approach for the Functional Assessment of Redox Status. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9885-9893. [PMID: 38848670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) redox control and arginine metabolism are critical in regulating the physiological response to injury and oxidative stress. Quantification assessment of the GSH/arginine redox metabolism supports monitoring metabolic pathway shifts during pathological processes and their linkages to redox regulation. However, assessing the redox status of organisms with complex matrices is challenging, and single redox molecule analysis may not be accurate for interrogating the redox status in cells and in vivo. Herein, guided by a paired derivatization strategy, we present a new ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)-based approach for the functional assessment of biological redox status. Two structurally analogous probes, 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) and newly synthesized 2-methyl-6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (MeAQC), were set for paired derivatization. The developed approach was successfully applied to LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and HDM-induced asthma mice to obtain quantitative information on GSH/arginine redox metabolism. The results suggest that the redox status was remarkably altered upon LPS and HDM stimulation. We expect that this approach will be of good use in a clinical biomarker assay and potential drug screening associated with redox metabolism, oxidative damage, and redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, China
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Chen J, Lou Y, Liu Y, Deng B, Zhu Z, Yang S, Chen D. Advances in Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Techniques for Analyzing Reducing Monosaccharides and Their Phosphates in Biological Samples. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38855933 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2364232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Reducing monosaccharides and their phosphates are critical metabolites in the central carbon metabolism pathway of living organisms. Variations in their content can indicate abnormalities in metabolic pathways and the onset of certain diseases, necessitating their analysis and detection. Reducing monosaccharides and their phosphates exhibit significant variations in content within biological samples and are present in many isomers, which makes the accurate quantification of reducing monosaccharides and their phosphates in biological samples a challenging task. Various analytical methods such as spectroscopy, fluorescence detection, colorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, sensor-based techniques, chromatography, and mass spectrometry are employed to detect monosaccharides and phosphates. In comparison, chromatography and mass spectrometry are highly favored for their ability to simultaneously analyze multiple components and their high sensitivity and selectivity. This review thoroughly evaluates the current chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods used for detecting reducing monosaccharides and their phosphates from 2013 to 2023, highlighting their efficacy and the advancements in these analytical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Chen
- Zhengzhou Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Lou
- Zhengzhou Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Zhengzhou Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bowen Deng
- Zhengzhou Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Zhengzhou Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Zhengzhou Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Targeting Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Chen
- Zhengzhou Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Targeting Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Liu M, Guo S, Wang L. Systematic review of metabolomic alterations in ulcerative colitis: unveiling key metabolic signatures and pathways. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2024; 17:17562848241239580. [PMID: 38560428 PMCID: PMC10981261 DOI: 10.1177/17562848241239580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite numerous metabolomic studies on ulcerative colitis (UC), the results have been highly variable, making it challenging to identify key metabolic abnormalities in UC. Objectives This study aims to uncover key metabolites and metabolic pathways in UC by analyzing existing metabolomics data. Design A systematic review. Data sources and methods We conducted a comprehensive search in databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science) and relevant study references for metabolomic research on UC up to 28 December 2022. Significant metabolite differences between UC patients and controls were identified, followed by an analysis of relevant metabolic pathways. Results This review incorporated 78 studies, identifying 2868 differentially expressed metabolites between UC patients and controls. The metabolites were predominantly from 'lipids and lipid-like molecules' and 'organic acids and derivatives' superclasses. We found 101 metabolites consistently altered in multiple datasets within the same sample type and 78 metabolites common across different sample types. Of these, 62 metabolites exhibited consistent regulatory trends across various datasets or sample types. Pathway analysis revealed 22 significantly altered metabolic pathways, with 6 pathways being recurrently enriched across different sample types. Conclusion This study elucidates key metabolic characteristics in UC, offering insights into molecular mechanisms and biomarker discovery for the disease. Future research could focus on validating these findings and exploring their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Adjedje VKB, Wolf YL, Weissenborn MJ, Binder WH. Rubber Oxygenase Degradation Assay by UV-Labeling and Gel Permeation Chromatography. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400032. [PMID: 38471754 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A versatile and robust end-group derivatization approach using oximes has been developed for the detection of oxidative degradation of synthetic polyisoprenes and polybutadiene. This method demonstrates broad applicability, effectively monitoring degradation across a wide molecular weight range through ultraviolet (UV)-detection coupled to gel permeation chromatography. Importantly, it enables the effective monitoring of degradation via derivatization-induced UV-maximum shifts, even in the presence of an excess of undegraded polyene, overcoming limitations previously reported with refractive index detectors. Notably, this oxime-based derivatization methodology is used in enzymatic degradation experiments of synthetic polyisoprenes characterized by a cis: trans ratio with the rubber oxygenase LcpK30. It reveals substantial UV absorption in derivatized enzymatic degradation products of polyisoprene with molecular weights exceeding 1000 g mol-1 - an unprecedented revelation for this enzyme's activity on such synthetic polyisoprenes. This innovative approach holds promise as a valuable tool for advancing research into the degradation of synthetic polyisoprenes and polybutadiene, particularly under conditions of low organocatalytic or enzymatic degradation activity. With its broad applicability and capacity to reveal previously hidden degradation processes, it represents a noteworthy contribution to sustainable polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vico K B Adjedje
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yannick L Wolf
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg , 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Research Group Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Weinbergweg , 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin J Weissenborn
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg , 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Research Group Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Weinbergweg , 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Wang L, Han Y, Zhang Y, Geng H, Zhu Z, Chen P, Cui X, Wang X, Sun C. In-depth profiling of carbohydrate isomers in biological tissues by chemical derivatization-assisted mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341741. [PMID: 37709472 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play crucial regulatory roles in various physiological and pathological processes. However, the low ionization efficiency and the presence of linkage pattern, monosaccharide composition and anomeric configuration isomers make their in-depth analysis very challenging, especially for heterogeneous biological tissues. In this study, we propose a high-sensitive and isomer-specific imaging approach to visualize the spatial distributions of monosaccharide and disaccharide isomers by integrating chemical derivatization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MS2I). 2-Pyridinecarbohydrazide (PYD) is developed as a novel derivatization reagent which can not only improves the MS sensitivity of carbohydrates, but also enables the identification and visualization of ketose and aldose monosaccharide isomers, as well as linkage pattern, monosaccharide composition and anomeric configuration disaccharide isomers by mass spectrometry imaging of isomer-specific MS/MS fragment ions. Moreover, we build quantitative MALDI-MS2 and MALDI-MS2I methods for disaccharide isomers based on the diagnostic fragment ions, and good linear relationships could be achieved both in solution and on glass slides. We expect that this study should provide new ideas for in-depth profiling of the spatial signatures of carbohydrates in biological tissues and lay the foundation for a deeper understanding of carbohydrates' structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yuhao Han
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Haoyuan Geng
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zihan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
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OUYANG Y, YI L, QIU L, ZHANG Z. [Advances in heparin structural analysis by chromatography technologies]. Se Pu 2023; 41:107-121. [PMID: 36725707 PMCID: PMC9892979 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2022.07020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin (Hp) is the most widely used anticoagulant drug in the clinics, with an annual global output of over 10 billion dollars. Hp, a member of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), is prepared from porcine intestinal mucosa via extraction, separation, and purification. Hp is a linear polysaccharide with repeating disaccharide units. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are depolymerized from Hp via chemical or enzymatic degradation. Compared with Hp, LMWHs exhibit less bleeding side effect, milder immunogenicity, and higher bioavailability when injected subcutaneously. In general, Hps, including LMWHs, are high complex drugs with large molecular weights (MWs), inhomogeneous MW distributions, and structural heterogeneity, including different degrees and locations of sulfonation, and unique residues generated from different production processes. Thus, developing efficient analytical methods to elucidate the structures of Hps and characterize or quantitate their properties is extremely challenging. Unfortunately, this problem limits their quality control, production optimization, clinical safety monitoring, and new applications. Research has constantly sought to elucidate the complicated structures of Hp drugs. Among the structural analysis and quality control methods of Hp currently available, chromatographic methods are the most widely studied and used. However, no literature thoroughly summarizes the specific applications of chromatographic methods in the structural analysis, manufacturing process, and quality control of Hp drugs. This paper systematically organizes and describes recent research progresses of the chromatographic methods used to analyze Hp drugs, including the identification and composition of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. The applications, innovations, and limitations of these chromatographic methods are also summarized in this review. The insights obtained in this study will help production and quality control personnel, as well as drug researchers, obtain a deeper understanding of the complex structures of Hp drugs. This paper also provides a comprehensive reference for the structural analysis and quality control of Hps, proposes ideas for the development of new quality control methods, and lays a strong foundation for the in-depth structural elucidation of Hp drugs.
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Han Y, Zhao Y, Chen P, Wang L, Hu Q, Wang X, Sun C. On-tissue derivatization for isomer-specific mass spectrometry imaging and relative quantification of monosaccharides in biological tissues. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1225:340241. [PMID: 36038240 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spatially-resolved profiling of tissue monosaccharides not only gives an insight into the spatial heterogeneity of monosaccharides, but also helps to decipher the possible roles of monosaccharides in biological processes. Here, we develop an on-tissue derivatization method, coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) to image and quantify the aldose and ketose isomers of monosaccharide in biological tissues. A new derivatization reagent, 1-naphthaleneacethydrazide (NAH) was synthesized for the on-tissue derivatization of monosaccharides, and it significantly enhanced the imaging sensitivity of monosaccharides. Moreover, the NAH-derivatized aldose and ketose can generate isomer-specific diagnostic ions during MALDI-MS/MS analysis, and thus paves way for the isomer-specific MS imaging of aldose and ketose monosaccharides. On this basis, we further constructed a quantitative MALDI-MS imaging model based on isomer-specific diagnostic ions, and calculated the expression contents of aldose and ketose monosaccharide isomers in different tissue regions of carrot section. We expect that the development of this method should provide more precise view on the spatial distributions and contents of different monosaccharides in heterogeneous biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Han
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yisheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
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Ma S, Chen F, Zhang M, Yuan H, Ouyang G, Zhao W, Zhang S, Zhao Y. Carboxyl-Based CPMP Tag for Ultrasensitive Analysis of Disaccharides by Negative Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9557-9563. [PMID: 35759693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we develop a sensitive method for glucose-containing disaccharide analysis by 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (CPMP) derivatization using mass spectrometry. The intense anion of [M - H]- (m/z 759) was observed for CPMP-labeled disaccharides in a negative mode. After derivatization, its sensitivity was significantly increased with the limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQ) ranging from 3.90 to 8.67 ng L-1 and 12.99 to 28.92 ng L-1, respectively. During CID-MS/MS analysis, the fragment patterns of CPMP derivatized disaccharides in the negative mode were simpler and clearer than their counterparts in a positive mode, which further could be applied to distinct and relatively quantitative isomeric disaccharides with ultrahigh sensitivity and good reproducibility. The great linear relationships could be achieved under wider concentration ratios from 0.01 to 20 compared to the previous report. Eventually, the developed methodology was applicable to identify isomeric disaccharides in beers. No sucrose was discovered. All beers contain 1,4- and 1,6-linked disaccharides. Some of them also have a mixture of 1,2- and 1,3-linked disaccharides. Through the integration of statistical analysis, beers with different production processes were finally discriminated, and the relative quantification of isomaltose and maltose was realized. In general, this method is sensitive, fast, and reliable for the discrimination and relative quantification of isomeric disaccharides in complex matrices. This study provides a new idea for the structural analysis of oligosaccharides in food, plants, and animals and an important theoretical basis for the exploration of new functions of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ma
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Fangya Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China.,KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China.,Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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