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Chen TH, Chen YS, Hiramatsu H. Raman spectrometer with vertical flow method for solutions containing organic solvents. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124679. [PMID: 38906058 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The vertical flow (VF) method improves generation and collection efficiency in Raman spectroscopy. It enhances all Raman signals, including undesired signals of organic solvents having a considerably large Raman cross section. We constructed a Raman spectrometer using the VF method to overcome this drawback and introduced a spatial line rejection mask to eliminate unnecessary bands. In addition, the design of the VF unit was improved to resist organic solvents. A VF unit with a 60-µm pinhole enhanced the signal 168 times. The spatial mask effectively eliminated the large Raman bands of the solvent and enabled a longer exposure time. The increase in the dynamic range improved the signal-to-noise ratio by 10 % in methanol and acetonitrile measurements. Raman spectrometer with the VF method and spatial mask enables us to record the Raman spectrum of solute molecules without the disturbance of solvent bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hao Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hirotsugu Hiramatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
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Vijayakumar S, Schwaighofer A, Ramer G, Lendl B. Multivariate curve resolution -alternating least squares augmented with partial least squares baseline correction applied to mid-IR laser spectra resolves protein denaturation by reducing rotational ambiguity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124228. [PMID: 38593537 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
High spectral power density provided by advances in external cavity quantum cascade lasers (EC-QCL) have enabled increased transmission path lengths in mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy for more sensitive measurement of proteins in aqueous solutions. These extended path lengths also facilitate flow through measurements by avoiding congestion of the flow cell by protein aggregates. Despite the advantages presented by laser-based mid-IR spectroscopy of proteins, extraction of secondary structure information from spectra, especially in the presence of complex multi-component matrices with overlapping spectral features, remains an impediment that requires fine tuning of evaluation algorithms (e.g., band fitting, interpretation of second derivative spectra etc.). In this work, the use of multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) for the analysis of a chemical de- and renaturation experiment has been demonstrated, since this technique offers the second-order advantage of extracting spectral signatures and concentration profiles even in the presence of unknown, uncalibrated constituents. Furthermore, we exhibit a partial least squares regression (PLSR) based subtraction of matrix component spectra prior to MCR-ALS as a method to obtain secondary structure information even in the absence of reference spectra. These approaches are showcased using the online reaction monitoring of the titration of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) in water against the surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and octaethylene glyol monododecyl ether (C12E8), using a commercially available laser-based IR spectrometer. Results for the automated PLSR correction plus MCR-ALS approach compare favorably to an MCR-ALS standalone approach using initial estimates as well as analysis of secondary structure using data processed with a manual baseline correction. The herein described chemometric approach suggests a way to simplify the challenge of handling complex matrices in protein structure analysis by isolating the background from the protein contributions, prior to analysis via other soft-modelling techniques. Consequently, the findings of this study indicate the suitability of online reaction monitoring through mid-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques as a potential tool in downstream quality control and process automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Vijayakumar
- Research Division of Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Andreas Schwaighofer
- Research Division of Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Georg Ramer
- Research Division of Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria.
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Research Division of Environmental Analytics, Process Analytics and Sensors, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria.
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Chen J, Wang J, Hess R, Wang G, Studts J, Franzreb M. Application of Raman spectroscopy during pharmaceutical process development for determination of critical quality attributes in Protein A chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1718:464721. [PMID: 38341902 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is considered a Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tool in biopharmaceutical downstream processes. In the past decade, researchers have shown Raman spectroscopy's feasibility in determining Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) in bioprocessing. This study verifies the feasibility of implementing a Raman-based PAT tool in Protein A chromatography as a CQA monitoring technique, for the purpose of accelerating process development and achieving real-time release in manufacturing. A system connecting Raman to a Tecan liquid handling station enables high-throughput model calibration. One calibration experiment collects Raman spectra of 183 samples with 8 CQAs within 25 h. After applying Butterworth high-pass filters and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) regression for model training, the model showed high predictive accuracy for fragments (Q2 = 0.965) and strong predictability for target protein concentration, aggregates, as well as charge variants (Q2≥ 0.922). The model's robustness was confirmed by varying the elution pH, load density, and residence time using 19 external validation preparative Protein A chromatography runs. The model can deliver elution profiles of multiple CQAs within a set point ± 0.3 pH range. The CQA readouts were presented as continuous chromatograms with a resolution of every 28 s for enhanced process understanding. In external validation datasets, the model maintained strong predictability especially for target protein concentration (Q2 = 0.956) and basic charge variants (Q2 = 0.943), except for overpredicted HCP (Q2 = 0.539). This study demonstrates a rapid, effective method for implementing Raman spectroscopy for in-line CQA monitoring in process development and biomanufacturing, eliminating the need for labor-intensive sample pooling and handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Chen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH / Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany; Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH / Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Rudger Hess
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH / Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Gang Wang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH / Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Joey Studts
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH / Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.
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Huang SH, Sartorello G, Shen PT, Xu C, Elemento O, Shvets G. Metasurface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy in multiwell format for real-time assaying of live cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2228-2240. [PMID: 37010356 PMCID: PMC10159923 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a popular technique for the analysis of biological samples, yet its application in characterizing live cells is limited due to the strong attenuation of mid-IR light in water. Special thin flow cells and attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy have been used to mitigate this problem, but these techniques are difficult to integrate into a standard cell culture workflow. In this work, we demonstrate that the use of a plasmonic metasurface fabricated on planar substrates and the probing of cellular IR spectra through metasurface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy (MEIRS) can be an effective technique to characterize the IR spectra of live cells in a high-throughput manner. Cells are cultured on metasurfaces integrated with multiwell cell culture chambers and are probed from the bottom using an inverted FTIR micro-spectrometer. To demonstrate the use of MEIRS as a cellular assay, cellular adhesion on metasurfaces with different surface coatings and cellular response to the activation of the protease-activated receptor (PAR) signaling pathway were characterized through the changes in cellular IR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Huang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
| | - Giovanni Sartorello
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
| | - Po-Ting Shen
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
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Szymaszek P, Tomal W, Świergosz T, Kamińska-Borek I, Popielarz R, Ortyl J. Review of quantitative and qualitative methods for monitoring photopolymerization reactions. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01538b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Authomatic in-situ monitoring and characterization of photopolymerization.
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Akhgar CK, Ebner J, Alcaraz MR, Kopp J, Goicoechea H, Spadiut O, Schwaighofer A, Lendl B. Application of Quantum Cascade Laser-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for In-Line Discrimination of Coeluting Proteins from Preparative Size Exclusion Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11192-11200. [PMID: 35926134 PMCID: PMC9386682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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An external-cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL)-based
flow-through
mid-infrared (IR) spectrometer was placed in line with a preparative
size exclusion chromatography system to demonstrate real-time analysis
of protein elutions with strongly overlapping chromatographic peaks.
Two different case studies involving three and four model proteins
were performed under typical lab-scale purification conditions. The
large optical path length (25 μm), high signal-to-noise ratios,
and wide spectral coverage (1350 to 1750 cm–1) of
the QCL-IR spectrometer allow for robust spectra acquisition across
both the amide I and II bands. Chemometric analysis by self-modeling
mixture analysis and multivariate curve resolution enabled accurate
quantitation and structural fingerprinting across the protein elution
transient. The acquired concentration profiles were found to be in
excellent agreement with the off-line high-performance liquid chromatography
reference analytics performed on the collected effluent fractions.
These results demonstrate that QCL-IR detectors can be used effectively
for in-line, real-time analysis of protein elutions, providing critical
quality attribute data that are typically only accessible through
time-consuming and resource-intensive off-line methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Akhgar
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Ebner
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirta R Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB CABA, Argentina
| | - Julian Kopp
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Héctor Goicoechea
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ), Cátedra de Química Analítica I, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB CABA, Argentina
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schwaighofer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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