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Tong Z, Xu X, Shen C, Yang D, Li Y, Li Q, Yang W, Xu F, Wu Z, Zhou L, Zhan C, Mao H. All-in-one multiple extracellular vesicle miRNA detection on a miniaturized digital microfluidic workstation. Biosens Bioelectron 2025; 270:116976. [PMID: 39591923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and EV-derived microRNAs (EV-miRNAs) are emerging as promising circulating biomarkers for early detection of malignant tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, utilization of the gold standard method of RNA detection, the reverse transcription - quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), on EV-miRNAs is hindered by laborious sample purification requirements and time-consuming multi-step procedures. Herein, we propose and demonstrate a miniaturized digital microfluidic (DMF) workstation for all-in-one EV-miRNA detection based on RT-qPCR. In comparison with the previously reported DMF platform for EV isolation, the system further integrates parallel on-chip real-time PCR capability with a comparable detection sensitivity with in-vitro RT-qPCR (limit of detection = 2 copies/μL), realizing automated, miniaturized, and facile EV-miRNA detection. Meanwhile, major methodological improvements were made, including one-step stem-looped RT-qPCR for miRNAs with both high sensitivity and specificity, and a simplified DMF substrate rework strategy for cost-effectiveness. As a demonstration, the detection of NSCLC-related EV-miRNAs within 20 μL of plasma samples was implemented, indicating the potential applicability of the DMF workstation and its automated protocol on point-of-care diagnosis of a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoduo Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Chuanjie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiushi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fangliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hongju Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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2
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Chou CY, Chiang PC, Li CC, Chang JW, Lu PH, Hsu WF, Chang LC, Hsu JL, Wu MS, Wo AM. Improving the Purity of Extracellular Vesicles by Removal of Lipoproteins from Size Exclusion Chromatography- and Ultracentrifugation-Processed Samples Using Glycosaminoglycan-Functionalized Magnetic Beads. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:44386-44398. [PMID: 39149774 PMCID: PMC11367580 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in blood at much lower concentrations (5-6 orders of magnitude) compared to lipoprotein particles (LP). Because LP and EV overlap in size and density, isolating high-purity EVs is a significant challenge. While the current two-step sequential EV isolation process using size-expression chromatography (SEC) followed by a density gradient (DG) achieves high purity, the time-consuming ultracentrifugation (UC) step in DG hinders workflow efficiency. This paper introduces an optimized magnetic bead reagent, LipoMin, functionalized with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), as a rapid alternative for LP removal during the second-step process in about 10 minutes. We evaluated LipoMin's efficacy on two sample types: (a) EV fractions isolated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC + LipoMin) and (b) the pellet obtained from ultracentrifugation (UC + LipoMin). The workflow is remarkably simple, involving a 10 min incubation with LipoMin followed by magnetic separation of the LP-depleted EV-containing supernatant. Results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that LipoMin removes 98.2% ApoB from SEC EV fractions, comparable to the LP removal ability of DG in the SEC + DG two-step process. Importantly, the EV yield (CD81 ELISA) remained at 93.0% and Western blot analysis confirmed that key EV markers, flotillin and CD81, were not compromised. Recombinant EV (rEV), an EV reference standard, was spiked into SEC EV fractions and recovered 89% of CD81 protein. For UC + LipoMin, ApoA1 decreased by 76.5% while retaining 90.7% of CD81. Notably, both colorectal cancer (CRC) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) samples processed by SEC + LipoMin and UC + LipoMin displayed clear expression of relevant EV and clinical markers. With a 10 min workflow (resulting in a 96% time saving compared to the traditional method), the LipoMin reagent offers a rapid and efficient alternative to DG for LP depletion, paving the way for a streamlined SEC + LipoMin two-step EV isolation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Chou
- Institute
of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Chi Li
- Graduate
Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Wun Chang
- Institute
of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Lu
- Institute
of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Hsu
- Institute
of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
- Reliance
Biosciences, Inc., New Taipei City 231023, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Chang
- Department
of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University
Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Health
Management Center, National Taiwan University
Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Lung Hsu
- Department
of Neurology, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng
Hospital, New Taipei City 236017, Taiwan
- Department
of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and
College of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang-Gung University, Linkou, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate
Institute of Mind, Brain, & Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department
of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University
Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Andrew M. Wo
- Institute
of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
- Reliance
Biosciences, Inc., New Taipei City 231023, Taiwan
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3
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Su Y, Chen M, Xu W, Gu P, Fan X. Advances in Extracellular-Vesicles-Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches for Ocular Diseases. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22793-22828. [PMID: 39141830 PMCID: PMC11363148 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c08486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles of various sizes that can be secreted by most cells. EVs contain a diverse array of cargo, including RNAs, lipids, proteins, and other molecules with functions of intercellular communication, immune modulation, and regulation of physiological and pathological processes. The biofluids in the eye, including tears, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor, are important sources for EV-based diagnosis of ocular disease. Because the molecular cargos may reflect the biology of their parental cells, EVs in these biofluids, as well as in the blood, have been recognized as promising candidates as biomarkers for early diagnosis of ocular disease. Moreover, EVs have also been used as therapeutics and targeted drug delivery nanocarriers in many ocular disorders because of their low immunogenicity and superior biocompatibility in nature. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the field of EV-based studies on the diagnosis and therapeutics of ocular disease. We summarized the origins of EVs applied in ocular disease, assessed different methods for EV isolation from ocular biofluid samples, highlighted bioengineering strategies of EVs as drug delivery systems, introduced the latest applications in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular disease, and presented their potential in the current clinical trials. Finally, we briefly discussed the challenges of EV-based studies in ocular disease and some issues of concern for better focusing on clinical translational studies of EVs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Moxin Chen
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
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4
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Chen M, Li J, Lin Y, Li X, Yu Y, Zhou S, Xu F, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Wang W. Recent research on material-based methods for isolation of extracellular vesicles. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3179-3191. [PMID: 38738644 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00370e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles secreted by cells with a closed phospholipid bilayer structure, which can participate in various physiological and pathological processes and have significant clinical value in disease diagnosis, targeted therapy and prognosis assessment. EV isolation methods currently include differential ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, size exclusion chromatography, immunoaffinity, polymer co-precipitation and microfluidics. In addition, material-based biochemical or biophysical approaches relying on intrinsic properties of the material or its surface-modified functionalized monomers, demonstrated unique advantages in the efficient isolation of EVs. In order to provide new ideas for the subsequent development of material-based EV isolation methods, this review will focus on the principle, research status and application prospects of material-based EV isolation methods based on different material carriers and functional monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Yunxuan Building #1339 and #2103, Wenjing Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jiaxi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Yunxuan Building #1339 and #2103, Wenjing Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yujie Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Yunxuan Building #1339 and #2103, Wenjing Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Yunxuan Building #1339 and #2103, Wenjing Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shenyue Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Yunxuan Building #1339 and #2103, Wenjing Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Fang Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Yunxuan Building #1339 and #2103, Wenjing Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Yunxuan Building #1339 and #2103, Wenjing Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Yunxuan Building #1339 and #2103, Wenjing Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Weipeng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Yunxuan Building #1339 and #2103, Wenjing Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
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5
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Wang S, Xia K, Zhu X, Liu Y, Sun L, Zhu Q. Separation of high-purity plasma extracellular vesicles for investigating proteomic signatures in diabetic retinopathy. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1718:464700. [PMID: 38354507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a multifaceted role in intercellular communication and hold significant promise as bio-functional indicators for clinical diagnosis. Although plasma samples represent one of the most critical sources of circulating EVs, the existing technical challenges associated with plasma-EV isolation have restricted their application in disease diagnosis and biomarker discovery. In this study, we introduce a two-step purification method utilizing ultracentrifugation (UC) to isolate crude extracellular vesicle (EV) samples, followed by a phospholipid affinity-based technique for the selective isolation of small EVs, ensuring a high level of purity for downstream proteomic analysis. Our research demonstrates that the UC & TiO2-coated magnetic bead (TiMB) purification system significantly improves the purity of EVs when compared to conventional UC or TiMB along. We further revealed that proteomic alterations in plasma EVs effectively reflect key gene ontology components associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis, including the VEGF-activated neuropilin pathway, positive regulation of angiogenesis, angiogenesis, cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus, and immune response. By employing a comprehensive analytical approach, which incorporates both time-series analysis (cluster analysis) and differential analysis, we have identified three potential protein signatures including LGALS3, MYH10, and CPB2 that closely associated with the retinopathy process. These proteins exhibit promising diagnostic and severity-classification capabilities for DR disease. This adaptable EV isolation system can be regarded as an effective analytical tool for enhancing plasma-based liquid biopsies toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Kangfu Xia
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei China
| | - Xinxi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an, 237005, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Qingfu Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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6
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Yang C, Chen H, Deng C, Sun N. Serological Exosome Metabolic Biopsy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Designed Core-Shell Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38323920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Exosome metabolite-based liquid biopsy is a promising strategy for large-scale application in practical clinics toward precise medicine. Given the current challenges in successive isolation and analysis of exosomes and their metabolites in this field, we established a low-cost, high-throughput, and rapid platform for serological exosome metabolic biopsy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via designed core-shell nanoparticles. It starts with the efficient extraction of high-quality serum exosomes and exosome metabolic features, based on which significantly obvious sample clusters are observed by unsupervised cluster analysis. The following integration of feature selection and supervised machine learning enables the identification of six key metabolites and achieves high-performance prediction between HCC, liver cirrhosis, and healthy controls. Specifically, both sensitivity and accuracy achieve 100% among any pairwise intergroup discrimination in a blind test. The quality and reliability of six key metabolites are further evaluated and validated by using different machine learning algorithms and pathway exploration. Our platform contributes to the future growth of new liquid biopsy technologies for precision diagnosis and real-time monitoring of HCC, among other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nianrong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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7
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Zheng J, Wang R, Wang Y. New concepts drive the development of delivery tools for sustainable treatment of diabetic complications. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116206. [PMID: 38278022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic complications, especially diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and painful diabetic neuropathy, account for a large portion of patients with diabetes and display rising global prevalence. They are the leading causes of blindness, kidney failure and hypersensitivity to pain caused by diabetes. Current approved therapeutics against the diabetic complications are few and exhibit limited efficacy. The enhanced cell-specificity, stability, biocompatibility, and loading capacity of drugs are essential for the mitigation of diabetic complications. In the article, we have critically discussed the recent studies over the past two years in material sciences and biochemistry. The insightful concepts in these studies drive the development of novel nanoparticles and mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles to meet the need for treatment of diabetic complications. Their underlying biochemical principles, advantages and limitations have been in-depth analyzed. The nanoparticles discussed in the article include double-headed nanodelivery system, nanozyme, ESC-HCM-B system, soft polymer nanostars, tetrahedral DNA nanostructures and hydrogels. They ameliorate the diabetic complication through attenuation of inflammation, apoptosis and restoration of metabolic homeostasis. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles efficiently deliver therapeutic proteins to the retinal cells to suppress the angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress to reverse diabetic retinopathy. Collectively, we provide a critical discussion on the concept, mechanism and therapeutic applicability of new delivery tools to treat these three devastating diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zheng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, China.
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, China.
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8
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Manai F, Smedowski A, Kaarniranta K, Comincini S, Amadio M. Extracellular vesicles in degenerative retinal diseases: A new therapeutic paradigm. J Control Release 2024; 365:448-468. [PMID: 38013069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), consisting of exomers, exosomes and microvesicles/ectosomes, have been extensively investigated in the last 20 years, although their biological role is still something of a mystery. EVs are involved in the transfer of lipids, nucleic acids and proteins from donor to recipient cells or distant organs as well as regulating cell-cell communication and signaling. Thus, EVs are important in intercellular communication and this is not limited to sister cells, but may also mediate the crosstalk between different cell types even over long distances. EVs play crucial functions in both cellular homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diseases, and since their contents reflect the status of the donor cell, they represent an additional valuable source of information for characterizing complex biological processes. Recent advances in isolation and analytical methods have led to substantial improvements in both characterizing and engineering EVs, leading to their use either as novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis/prognosis or even as novel therapies. Due to their capacity to carry biomolecules, various EV-based therapeutic applications have been devised for several pathological conditions, including eye diseases. In the eye, EVs have been detected in the retina, aqueous humor, vitreous body and also in tears. Experiences with other forms of intraocular drug applications have opened new ways to use EVs in the treatment of retinal diseases. We here provide a comprehensive summary of the main in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo literature-based studies on EVs' role in ocular physiological and pathological conditions. We have focused on age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, which are common eye diseases leading to permanent blindness, if not treated properly. In addition, the putative use of EVs in retinitis pigmentosa and other retinopathies is discussed. Finally, we have reviewed the potential of EVs as therapeutic tools and/or biomarkers in the above-mentioned retinal disorders. Evidence emerging from experimental disease models and human material strongly suggests future diagnostic and/or therapeutic exploitation of these biological agents in various ocular disorders with a good possibility to improve the patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland; GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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9
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Santiago VF, Rosa-Fernandes L, Macedo-da-Silva J, Angeli CB, Mule SN, Marinho CRF, Torrecilhas AC, Marie SNK, Palmisano G. Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles Using Titanium Dioxide Microspheres. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1443:1-22. [PMID: 38409413 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayer membrane particles released from several cell types to the extracellular environment. EVs have a crucial role in cell-cell communication, involving different biological processes in health and diseases. Due to the potential of biomarkers for several diseases as diagnostic and therapeutic tools, it is relevant to understand the biology of the EVs and their content. One of the current challenges involving EVs is regarding the purification method, which is a critical step for EV's functional and characterization studies. Ultracentrifugation is the most used method for EV isolation, where the nanoparticles are separated in sequential centrifugation to isolate the EVs based on their size. However, for viscous biofluids such as plasma, there is a co-isolation of the most abundant proteins, which can impair the EV's protein identification due to the low abundance of these proteins and signal suppression by the most abundant plasma proteins. Emerging techniques have gained attention in recent years. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most promising techniques due to its property for selective isolation based on the interaction with phospholipids in the EV membrane. Using a small amount of TiO2 beads and a low volume of plasma, it is possible to isolate EVs with reduced plasma protein co-isolation. This study describes a comprehensive workflow for the isolation and characterization of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) using mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques. The aim of this chapter is describe the EV isolation using TiO2 beads enrichment and high-throughput mass spectrometry techniques to efficiently identify the protein composition of EVs in a fast and straightforward manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Feijoli Santiago
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Janaina Macedo-da-Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia B Angeli
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simon Ngao Mule
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely N K Marie
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM15), Department of Neurology, Fac-uldade de Medicina FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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10
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Ma H, Chen T, Li C, Xu H, Feng Q, Su Y, Cai J, Zhu Q, Liu F, Hu L. Metabolic signatures of tear extracellular vesicles caused by herpes simplex keratitis. Ocul Surf 2024; 31:21-30. [PMID: 38122863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), caused by type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation, is a severe infectious disease that leads to vision loss. HSV can trigger metabolic reprogramming in the host cell and change the extracellular vesicles (EV) cargos; however, little is known about the EV metabolic signatures during ocular HSV infection. Here, we aimed to depict the EV-associated metabolic landscape in HSK patients' tears. METHODS We collected 82 samples from 41 participants with unilateral HSK (contralateral unaffected tears were set as negative control), including subtype cohorts of 13 epithelial, 20 stromal, and 8 endothelial HSK. We isolated tear EVs via our previously established platform and conducted metabolic analysis using LC-MS/MS. The metabolic signatures for recognizing HSK and subtypes were assessed through differential analysis and machine learning algorithms. RESULTS Hypopsia and increased extracellular CD63 levels were observed in affected eyes. We identified 339 metabolites based on sEVs isolated from tears. Differential analysis revealed alterations in energy and amino acid metabolism, as well as the infectious microenvironment. Furthermore, we observed dysregulated metabolite such as methyldopa, which is associated with inappropriate neovascularization and corneal sensation loss, contributing to the HSK severity particularly in the stromal subtype. Moreover, machine learning classification also suggested a set of EV metabolic signatures that have potential for pan-keratitis detection. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that tear EV metabolites can serve as valuable indicators for comprehending the underlying pathological mechanisms. This knowledge is expected to facilitate the development of liquid biopsy means and therapeutic target discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixiang Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Tucan Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chengxu Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qingyu Feng
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yunfei Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jianqiu Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qingfu Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Fei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
| | - Liang Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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11
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Chang K, Fang Y, He P, Zhu C, Liu X, Zheng D, Chen D, Liu C. Employing the Anchor DSPE-PEG as a Redox Probe for Ratiometric Electrochemical Detection of Surface Proteins on Extracellular Vesicles with Aptamers. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16194-16200. [PMID: 37889159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of surface proteins on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been considered to be a crucial approach for reflecting the status of diseases. Due to the diverse composition of surface proteins on EVs and the interference from nonvesicular proteins, accurately detecting the expression of surface proteins on EVs remains a challenging task. While membrane affinity molecules have been widely employed as EVs capture probes to address this issue, their inherent biochemical properties have not been effectively harnessed. In this paper, we found that the electrochemical redox activity of the DSPE-PEG molecule was diminished upon its insertion into the membrane of EVs. This observation establishes the DSPE-PEG molecule modified on the Au electrode surface as a capture and a redox probe for the electrochemical detection of EVs. By utilizing methylene blue-labeled aptamers, the targeted surface proteins of EVs can be detected by recording the ratio of the oxidation peak current of methylene blue and DSPE-PEG. Without complicated signal amplification, the detection limit for EVs is calculated to be 8.11 × 102 particles/mL. Using this platform, we directly analyzed the expression of CD63 and HER2 proteins on the surface of EVs in human clinical plasma samples, demonstrating its significant potential in distinguishing breast cancer patients from healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ping He
- The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chunnan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dongyun Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dongjuan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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12
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Wu Y, Chen W, Guo M, Tan Q, Zhou E, Deng J, Li M, Chen J, Yang Z, Jin Y. Metabolomics of Extracellular Vesicles: A Future Promise of Multiple Clinical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6113-6129. [PMID: 36514377 PMCID: PMC9741837 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s390378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can contain DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolic molecules from primary origins; they are coated with a phospholipid bilayer membrane and released by cells into the extracellular matrix. EVs can be obtained from various body liquids, including the blood, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. As has been proved, EVs-mediated transfer of biologically active molecules is crucial for various physiological and pathological processes. Extensive investigations have already begun to explore the diagnosis and prognosis potentials for EVs. Furthermore, research has continued to recognize the critical role of nucleic acids and proteins in EVs. However, our understanding of the comprehensive effects of metabolites in these nanoparticles is currently limited and in its infancy. Therefore, we have attempted to summarize the recent research into the metabolomics of EVs in relation to potential clinical applications and discuss the problems and challenges that have occurred, to provide more guidance for the future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaLi Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - WenJuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - E Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minglei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangbin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zimo Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of National Health Commission, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, the Ministry of Education, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China,Clinical Research Center for Major Respiratory Diseases in Hubei Province, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yang Jin, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Email
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