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Gao YX, Yi XN, Tang ZC, Yang H, Wang W, Xu M, Gu ZY. Continuously Tunable MOFs Enable Precise Mass Transfer for High-Performance Isomer Separation. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6476-6482. [PMID: 38606798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Modulating mass transfer is crucial for optimizing the catalytic and separation performances of porous materials. Here, we systematically developed a series of continuously tunable MOFs (CTMOFs) that exhibit incessantly increased mass transfer. This was achieved through the strategic blending of ligands with different lengths and ratios in MOFs featuring the fcu topology. By employing a proportional mixture of two ligands in the synthesis of UiO-66, the micropores expanded, facilitating faster mass transfer. The mass transfer rate was evaluated by dye adsorption, dark-field microscopy, and gas chromatography (GC). The GC performance proved that both too-fast and too-slow mass transfer led to low separation performance. The optimized mass transfer in CTMOFs resulted in an exceptionally high separation resolution (5.96) in separating p-xylene and o-xylene. Moreover, this study represents the first successful use of MOFs for high-performance separation of propylene and propane by GC. This strategy provides new inspiration in regulating mass transfer in porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Xiao Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Function-al Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuan-Nuo Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhe-Chen Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Function-al Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Han Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Function-al Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Function-al Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Function-al Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Si T, Wang S, Guo Y, Liang X, Rong R. Dispersive hierarchically porous composites based on defective MOFs as mixed-mode stationary phases for chromatographic separation. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:198. [PMID: 38483636 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Defective metal-organic frameworks-based composites with excellent separation properties were obtained. The mesoporous metal-organic frameworks were selected and deliberately designed to be deficient, and they were then combined with polyacrylamide to be modified on the surface of silica microspheres. The prepared composites were employed as mixed-mode stationary phase in chromatographic separation, and they were compared to both conventional microporous metal-organic framework-based columns and commercial columns. It showed improved selectivity and retention toward both hydrophilic and hydrophobic analytes, allowing for the effective separation of nine nucleosides and nucleobases, eight alkaloids, six antibiotics, and five alkylbenzenes. Additionally, the column was used to effectively separate the active ingredients in the daring substance of honeysuckle, revealing a wide range of possible applications. For the same batch of analytes, three batches of distinct materials demonstrated consistent separation effects. It also demonstrated excellent chromatographic repeatability and stability, with relative standard deviations of the retention time and/or column efficiency being found to be less than 0.8% and 0.9%, respectively. The dispersive hierarchically porous composites were demonstrated to be effective in chromatographic separation, and the results expanded the potential uses of defective MOFs with dispersed multi-level pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Si
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaojing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Rong Rong
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Antiviral Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China.
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Zhang T, Sun Y, Feng X, Li J, Zhao W, Xiang G, He L, Zhang S. Construction of MOFs@COFs composite material as stationary phase for efficient separation of diverse organic compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342160. [PMID: 38220292 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of efficent chromatographic stationary phases (SP) with mixed-mode or multiple interactions in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the separation of complex samples is a challenging task. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs)-based SP can provide desired multiple interactions and enable the separation of a diverse range of solutes, but have limitations of low column efficiency and poor stability. RESULTS Herein, the hybrid MOFs@Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) materials were used as SP in HPLC due to their synergistic structural features. The SiO2@NH2-UiO-66@CTF SP was synthesized by integration of NH2-UiO-66 and covalent triazine framework (CTF) onto silica surface. Due to the unique structure of SiO2@NH2-UiO-66@CTF with hierarchical-pores, this column showed higher column efficiency (up to 49,369 plates m-1 for alkylbenzenes) than the reported columns packed with MOFs-based SP. Owing to the Zr4+-N coordination bonding between CTF and NH2-UiO-66, the structural stability of SiO2@NH2-UiO-66@CTF can be improved. Furthermore, this new column exhibited remarkable column stability with relative standard deviation of retention time of <0.40% after 400 injections. With the combined advantages of multifunctional properties, high column efficiency, and good stability, SiO2@NH2-UiO-66@CTF SP showed excellent selectivity for the separation of a variety of hydrophobic, aromatic, heteroatomic, and hydrophilic analytes. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY This work not only offers a promising SP with multiple retention mechanisms for HPLC, but also provides an efficient strategy for development of high column efficiency MOFs-based SP with good stability. Moreover, the MOFs@COFs hybrid materials were expanded in application area through this study, and the research results can also afford the foundation for further explore its structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yaming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Xiaxing Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jingna Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Lijun He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Center for Modern Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
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Meng SS, Xu M, Guan H, Chen C, Cai P, Dong B, Tan WS, Gu YH, Tang WQ, Xie LG, Yuan S, Han Y, Kong X, Gu ZY. Anisotropic flexibility and rigidification in a TPE-based Zr-MOFs with scu topology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5347. [PMID: 37660056 PMCID: PMC10475113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based ligands are appealing for constructing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with new functions and responsiveness. Here, we report a non-interpenetrated TPE-based scu Zr-MOF with anisotropic flexibility, that is, Zr-TCPE (H4TCPE = 1,1,2,2-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)ethylene), remaining two anisotropic pockets. The framework flexibility is further anisotropically rigidified by installing linkers individually at specific pockets. By individually installing dicarboxylic acid L1 or L2 at pocket A or B, the framework flexibility along the b-axis or c-axis is rigidified, and the intermolecular or intramolecular motions of organic ligands are restricted, respectively. Synergistically, with dual linker installation, the flexibility is completely rigidified with the restriction of ligand motion, resulting in MOFs with enhanced stability and improved separation ability. Furthermore, in situ observation of the flipping of the phenyl ring and its rigidification process is made by 2H solid-state NMR. The anisotropic rigidification of flexibility in scu Zr-MOFs guides the directional control of ligand motion for designing stimuli-responsive emitting or efficient separation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hanxi Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, 324100, China
| | - Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peiyu Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3255, USA
| | - Bo Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Shu Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu-Hao Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Qi Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lan-Gui Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Electron Microscopy Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xueqian Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Miao P, Li Y, Du Y. Dual-ligand 3D lammelar chiral metal-organic framework for capillary electrochromatographic enantioseparations. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:302. [PMID: 37464133 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Dual-ligand metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on tryptophan and camphoric acid were designed and synthesized as the stationary phase of the capillary electrochromatography (CEC) system. This CEC system showed significantly improved enantioseparation ability for nine drugs, compared with the single-ligand MOF stationary phase. Characterization methods such as N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy proved that the dual-ligand MOFs possessed excellent 3D spatial structures (ligand ratio is 1:1) which ensured the enantioseparation capability of the CEC system. The influence of ligand types on the chiral selectivity of MOFs was explored using racemic phenylalaninol and its single enantiomers as models. When the chiral type of the ligands is consistent, the enantioseparation ability of the CEC system is better. The chromatographic conditions such as buffer concentration, buffer pH, organic solvent addition ratio, and applied voltage were optimized, and satisfactory repeatability and stability of the CEC system were verified. Additionally, the enantioseparation mechanism of the CEC system was discussed through adsorption kinetic experiments, adsorption isotherm fitting, and thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandeng Miao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Z, Wang W, Sun L, Tang B, Zhang F, Luo A. A chiral multi-shelled mesoporous carbon nanospheres used for high-resolution gas chromatography separations. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1702:464100. [PMID: 37263056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a chiral multishelled mesoporous carbon nanospheres (MCNs) with unique spiral multishelled hollow mesoporous chiral structure is synthesized; the MCNs can be used as stationary phases for high-resolution gas chromatography (GC) and have good separation capacity. The successful preparation of MCNs is verified by a variety of characterizations. In addition, the MCNs-coated capillary column shows excellent separation performance for n-alkanes, n-alcohols, aromatic compounds, and esters, and it has a faster analysis time than the HP-5 commercial capillary column. The chromatography separation performance for various isomers and racemates of the MCNs stationary phase was evaluated, and it showed good separation capability for amino acid derivatives. The MCNs-coated capillary column has been demonstrated to present good reproducibility and stability. In summary, all of the chromatography experiments in this work indicate that this new stationary phase of the MCNs has good application potential for GC capillary separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liquan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Fulai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Aiqin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China.
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