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Lin YH, Hung YT, Chang W, Chiou CC. Integrated Droplet-Based Digital Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Microfluidic Chip with Droplet Generation, Incubation, and Continuous Fluorescence Detection. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:334. [PMID: 39056610 PMCID: PMC11275183 DOI: 10.3390/bios14070334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This study integrated sample partition, incubation, and continuous fluorescence detection on a single microfluidic chip for droplet-based digital Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) of nucleic acids. This integration eliminated the need to transfer reactions between different platforms, avoiding sample contamination and loss. Prior to the reaction, filling the channels with an oil phase and adding a glass cover slip on top of the chip overcame the problem of bubble generation in the channels during the LAMP reaction due to heating. Additionally, using two fluorescence intensity thresholds enabled simultaneous detection and counting of positive and negative droplets within a single fluorescence detection channel. The chip can partition approximately 6000 droplets from a 5 µL sample within 10 min, with a droplet diameter of around 110 µm and a coefficient of variation (CV) value of 0.82%. Staphylococcus aureus was quantified via the proposed platform. The results demonstrated a highly accurate correlation coefficient (R = 0.9998), and the detection limit reached a concentration of 1.7 × 102 copies/µL. The entire process of the droplet digital LAMP reaction, from droplet generation to incubation to quantitative results, took a maximum of 70 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Heng Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting Hung
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wei Chang
- Master and PhD Program in Biotechnology Industry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chiuan-Chian Chiou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Master and PhD Program in Biotechnology Industry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Bartkova S, Zapotoczna M, Sanka I, Scheler O. A Guide to Biodetection in Droplets. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9745-9755. [PMID: 38842026 PMCID: PMC11190884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Droplet-based methods for optical biodetection enable unprecedented high-throughput experimental parameters. The methods, however, remain underused due to the accompanying multidisciplinary and complicated experimental workflows. Here, we provide a tutorial for droplet-based optical biodetection workflows with a focus on the key aspect of label selection. By discussing and guiding readers through recent state-of-the-art studies, we aim to make droplet-based approaches more accessible to the general scientific public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bartkova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology (TalTech), Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Marta Zapotoczna
- Faculty
of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Immanuel Sanka
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology (TalTech), Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Ott Scheler
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology (TalTech), Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
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Zhang W, Cui L, Wang Y, Xie Z, Wei Y, Zhu S, Nawaz M, Mak WC, Ho HP, Gu D, Zeng S. An Integrated ddPCR Lab-on-a-Disc Device for Rapid Screening of Infectious Diseases. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:2. [PMID: 38275303 PMCID: PMC10813669 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) is a powerful amplification technique for absolute quantification of viral nucleic acids. Although commercial ddPCR devices are effective in the lab bench tests, they cannot meet current urgent requirements for on-site and rapid screening for patients. Here, we have developed a portable and fully integrated lab-on-a-disc (LOAD) device for quantitively screening infectious disease agents. Our designed LOAD device has integrated (i) microfluidics chips, (ii) a transparent circulating oil-based heat exchanger, and (iii) an on-disc transmitted-light fluorescent imaging system into one compact and portable box. Thus, droplet generation, PCR thermocycling, and analysis can be achieved in a single LOAD device. This feature is a significant attribute for the current clinical application of disease screening. For this custom-built ddPCR setup, we have first demonstrated the loading and ddPCR amplification ability by using influenza A virus-specific DNA fragments with different concentrations (diluted from the original concentration to 107 times), followed by analyzing the droplets with an external fluorescence microscope as a standard calibration test. The measured DNA concentration is linearly related to the gradient-dilution factor, which validated the precise quantification for the samples. In addition to the calibration tests using DNA fragments, we also employed this ddPCR-LOAD device for clinical samples with different viruses. Infectious samples containing five different viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and adenovirus (ADV), were injected into the device, followed by analyzing the droplets with an external fluorescence microscope with the lowest detected concentration of 20.24 copies/µL. Finally, we demonstrated the proof-of-concept detection of clinical samples of IAV using the on-disc fluorescence imaging system in our fully integrated device, which proves the capability of this device in clinical sample detection. We anticipate that this integrated ddPCR-LOAD device will become a flexible tool for on-site disease detection.
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Grants
- GRF14204621, GRF14207920, GRF14207419, GRF14207121, N_CUHK407/16 Hong Kong Research Grants Council
- No.2021A1515220084, No. 2022B1111020001 the National Key Research and Development Program of China
- ZDSYS20210623092001003, GJHZ20200731095604013, JSGG20220301090003004, No. 201906133000069, No. SGLH20180625171602058, and JCYJ20200109120205924 Shenzhen Science and Technology Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (W.-C.M.)
| | - Lili Cui
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China;
- Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Medical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China;
| | - Yuye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Zhenming Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (W.-C.M.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (W.-C.M.)
| | - Shaodi Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (W.-C.M.)
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Mehmood Nawaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (W.-C.M.)
| | - Wing-Cheung Mak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (W.-C.M.)
| | - Ho-Pui Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (W.Z.); (Z.X.); (Y.W.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (W.-C.M.)
| | - Dayong Gu
- Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Medical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China;
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- Light, Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-EMR 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
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Shamsaei D, Hsieh SA, Ocaña-Rios I, Ryan SJ, Anderson JL. Smartphone as a fluorescence detector for high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1280:341863. [PMID: 37858553 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescence detection is employed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) due to its high specificity and sensitivity. However, it is often limited by expensive components and bulkiness. Recently, advances in technology and electronics have led to the development of smartphones that can serve as portable recording, analysis, and monitoring tools. Smartphone-based detection provides advantages of cost effectiveness, rapid signal/data processing, and the display of results on a handhold monitor. The combination of smartphone-based detection with HPLC can offer unique features that are beneficial in overcoming limitations of commercial fluorescence detectors. (90) RESULTS: A miniaturized and low-cost HPLC fluorescence detector based on a smartphone is introduced for the detection of six fluorescent molecules. The smartphone is able to capture emitted fluorescence in video format while MATLAB code is used for data processing to provide chromatograms based on different detection channels. A custom designed double-channel flow cell was utilized to enable simultaneous detection of fluorescent compounds with different excitation wavelengths. The detector consists of a lab-made flow cell, monochromatic LEDs as the light source, 3D printed housing and connector box, fiber optic cables, and a smartphone. The effects of flow cell geometry, channel width and light slit diameter, as well as a comparison of different flow cell manufacturing techniques, are studied and discussed. The validated system was successfully applied to samples from diverse water sources, yielding spiking recoveries within the range of 91.7% and 109.7%. (141) SIGNIFICANCE: This study introduces the first smartphone-based fluorescence detector for HPLC with cost-effective and customizable flow cells, allowing for the simultaneous detection of fluorescent compounds with different excitation wavelengths and offering a potential solution for the analysis of co-eluting compounds. Beyond its user-friendly interface and low-cost, smartphone detection in HPLC provides tremendous opportunities in further miniaturizing chromatographic instrumentation while offering high sensitivity and can be expanded to other mechanisms of detection. (70).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Shamsaei
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Shu-An Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Iran Ocaña-Rios
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Saxon J Ryan
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Ditchendorf E, Ahmed I, Sepate J, Priye A. A Smartphone-Enabled Continuous Flow Digital Droplet LAMP Platform for High Throughput and Inexpensive Quantitative Detection of Nucleic Acid Targets. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8310. [PMID: 37837140 PMCID: PMC10575248 DOI: 10.3390/s23198310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular tests for infectious diseases and genetic anomalies, which account for significant global morbidity and mortality, are central to nucleic acid analysis. In this study, we present a digital droplet LAMP (ddLAMP) platform that offers a cost-effective and portable solution for such assays. Our approach integrates disposable 3D-printed droplet generator chips with a consumer smartphone equipped with a custom image analysis application for conducting ddLAMP assays, thereby eliminating the necessity for expensive and complicated photolithographic techniques, optical microscopes, or flow cytometers. Our 3D printing technique for microfluidic chips facilitates rapid chip fabrication in under 2 h, without the complications of photolithography or chip bonding. The platform's heating mechanism incorporates low-powered miniature heating blocks with dual resistive cartridges, ensuring rapid and accurate temperature modulation in a compact form. Instrumentation is further simplified by integrating miniaturized magnification and fluorescence optics with a smartphone camera. The fluorescence quantification benefits from our previously established RGB to CIE-xyY transformation, enhancing signal dynamic range. Performance assessment of our ddLAMP system revealed a limit of detection at 10 copies/μL, spanning a dynamic range up to 104 copies/μL. Notably, experimentally determined values of the fraction of positive droplets for varying DNA concentrations aligned with the anticipated exponential trend per Poisson statistics. Our holistic ddLAMP platform, inclusive of chip production, heating, and smartphone-based droplet evaluation, provides a refined method compatible with standard laboratory environments, alleviating the challenges of traditional photolithographic methods and intricate droplet microfluidics expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Ditchendorf
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA (I.A.)
| | - Isteaque Ahmed
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA (I.A.)
| | - Joseph Sepate
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA (I.A.)
| | - Aashish Priye
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA (I.A.)
- Digital Futures, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Xing G, Ai J, Wang N, Pu Q. Recent progress of smartphone-assisted microfluidic sensors for point of care testing. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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