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Li M, Li X, Ji D, Ren Y, Qian S, Sun W, Hu W. Label-free OIRD detection of protein microarrays on high dielectric constant substrate with enhanced intrinsic sensitivity. Talanta 2024; 276:126201. [PMID: 38718653 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OIRD) is a dielectric constant-sensitive technique and exhibits intriguing applications in label-free and high-throughput detection of protein microarrays. With the outstanding advantage of being compatible with arbitrary substrates, however, the effect of the substrate, particularly its dielectric constant on the OIRD sensitivity has not been fully disclosed. In this paper, for the first time we investigated the dependence of OIRD sensitivity on the dielectric constant of the substrate under top-incident OIRD configuration by combining theoretical modeling and experimental evaluation. Optical modeling suggested that the higher dielectric constant substrate exhibits a higher intrinsic sensitivity. Experimentally, three substrates including glass, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and silicon (Si) with different dielectric constants were selected as microarray substrates and their detection performances were evaluated. In good agreement with the modeling, high dielectric constant Si-based microarray exhibited the highest sensitivity among three chips, reaching a detection limit of as low as 5 ng mL-1 with streptavidin as the model target. Quantification of captured targets on three chips with on-chip enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) further confirmed that the enhanced performance originates from the high dielectric constant enhanced intrinsic OIRD sensitivity. This work thus provides a new way to OIRD-based label-free microarrays with improved sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dandan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuda Ren
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shiwu Qian
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Weihua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Li X, Wu S, Feng Z, Ning K, Ji D, Yu L, Hu W. Label-Free and Real-Time Optical Detection of Affinity Binding of the Antibody on Adherent Live Cells. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1112-1120. [PMID: 38181398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OIRD) is a novel real-time, label-free, and nondestructive optical detection method and exhibits encouraging application in the detection of antibody/DNA microarrays. In this study, for the first time, an OIRD label-free immunoassay was achieved by using adherent live cells as the probe. The cells were cultured on glass cells, and the affinity binding of antibodies targeted on the HLA class I antigen of the cell surface was detected with an OIRD. The results show that an OIRD is able to detect the binding process of anti-human HLA-A, B, and C antibodies on MDA-MB-231 cells and HUVEC cells. Control experiments and complementary fluorescence analysis confirmed the high detection specificity and good quantitative virtue of the OIRD label-free immunoassay. Label-free OIRD imaging analysis of cell microarrays was further demonstrated successfully, and the underlying optical mechanism was revealed by combining the theoretical modeling. This work explores the use of live cells as probes for an OIRD immunoassay, thus expanding the potential applications of the OIRD in the field of pathological analysis, disease diagnosis, and drug screening, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Shiming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ke Ning
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P. R. China
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Li X, Feng Z, Fang C, Wei Y, Ji D, Hu W. Non-fouling polymer brush grafted fluorine-doped tin oxide enabled optical and chemical enhancement for sensitive label-free antibody microarrays. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2477-2486. [PMID: 37097479 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OIRD) is a compelling technique for real-time, label-free and non-destructive detection of antibody microarray chips, but its sensitivity needs essential improvement for clinical diagnosis. In this study, we report an innovative high-performance OIRD microarray by using poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate] (POEGMA-co-GMA) brush grafted fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as the chip substrate. The polymer brush enhances the interfacial binding reaction efficiency of targets from the complicated sample matrix due to its high antibody loading and excellent anti-fouling merits; the FTO-polymer brush layered structure, on the other hand, excites the interference enhancement effect of OIRD to achieve enhanced intrinsic optical sensitivity. Synergistically, the sensitivity of this chip is significantly improved compared to rival chips, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 25 ng mL-1 for the model target C-reactive protein (CRP) in 10% human serum. This work explores the tremendous influence of the chip interfacial structure on the OIRD sensitivity and proposes a rational interfacial engineering strategy to boost the performance of the label-free OIRD based microarray and other bio-devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Zhihao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Changxiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Yunpeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Dandan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Weihua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
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Li X, Fang C, Feng Z, Li J, Li Y, Hu W. Label-free OIRD microarray chips with a nanostructured sensing interface: enhanced sensitivity and mechanism. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3910-3919. [PMID: 36097822 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00671e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OIRD) is a novel optical technique for protein microarray detection with the characteristics of being real-time, label-free, high-throughput and compatible with arbitrary chip substrates. It is necessary yet challenging to improve the sensitivity of the OIRD microarray and gain a clear understanding of the enhancement mechanism for practical applications. In this study, we report a microarray chip specifically designed for OIRD to improve its sensitivity by using an electrochemically etched nanostructured fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) slide as the substrate. Compared with chips printed on a conventional glass slide and pristine FTO, the OIRD sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of this microarray are significantly improved, reaching a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 50 ng mL-1 for the streptavidin target in 10% human serum, which is one order of magnitude lower than that of the glass-based chip. On-chip ELISA and theoretical calculation reveal that the enhanced sensitivity is not only because of its higher capture efficiency towards the target, but also benefits from the optical enhancement enabled by its unique nanostructured sensing interface. This work provides a new universal strategy for designing high performance OIRD-based chips via rational interfacial engineering, thus paving the way to a label-free OIRD immunoassay and real-time analysis of biomolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Changxiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhihao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Junying Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Fang C, Li J, Feng Z, Li X, Cheng M, Qiao Y, Hu W. Spatiotemporal Mapping of Extracellular Electron Transfer Flux in a Microbial Fuel Cell Using an Oblique Incident Reflectivity Difference Technique. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10841-10849. [PMID: 35863931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is a critical process involved in microbial fuel cells. Spatially resolved mapping of EET flux is of essential significance due to the inevitable spatial inhomogeneity over the bacteria/electrode interface. In this work, EET flux of a typical bioanode constructed by inhabiting Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 on a porous polyaniline (PANI) film was successfully mapped using a newly established oblique incident reflectivity difference (OIRD) technique. In the open-circuit state, the PANI film was reduced by the electrons released from the bacteria via the EET process, and the resultant redox state change of PANI was sensitively imaged by OIRD in a real-time and noninvasive manner. Due to the strong correlation between the EET flux and OIRD signal, the OIRD differential image represents spatially resolved EET flux, and the in situ OIRD signal reveals the dynamic behavior during the EET process, thus providing important spatiotemporal information complementary to the bulky electrochemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Junying Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Min Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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Fang C, Zhong C, Chen N, Yi L, Li J, Hu W. Reusable OIRD Microarray Chips Based on a Bienzyme-Immobilized Polyaniline Nanowire Forest for Multiplexed Detection of Biological Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10697-10703. [PMID: 34282896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative detection of multiple biological small molecules is critical for health evaluation and disease diagnosis. In this study, a microarray chip featuring a bienzyme-immobilized polyaniline nanowire forest on fluorine-doped tin oxide (bienzyme-PANI/FTO) is developed for this purpose. On such a chip, the target molecules are oxidized under the catalysis of their attached oxidases to produce hydrogen peroxide, which further induces the partial oxidation of local PANI nanowires in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. The redox state change of PANI nanowires is monitored by the oblique incident reflectivity difference (OIRD) technique in a real-time and wireless manner, thus allowing for quantitative analysis of the target molecules. As typical model targets, hydrogen peroxide, glucose, lactic acid, and cholesterol are successfully detected with low detection limits, excellent specificities, and broad detection ranges, all of which fully meet the requirements for clinical analysis of human serum samples. Simultaneous detection of multiple targets on an individual chip is further demonstrated using the OIRD scanning mode. Meanwhile, by simple electrochemical reduction of the PANI nanowires, the chip is reusable for more than eight detection cycles without evident decay in its performance. The detection principle of this chip is also universal to other small molecules, and thus, it shows great promise as a valuable device to analyze biological small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Changyin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lingya Yi
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junying Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
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Li L, Zhong C, Feng B, Chen N, Dai J, Bin Lu H, Hu W. Optical imaging of the potential distribution at transparent electrode/solution interfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4531-4534. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01500h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optical monitoring of the electrode potential and imaging of its distribution on transparent electrodes are achieved by using OIRD technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Changyin Zhong
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Bomin Feng
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Nan Chen
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Jun Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Bin Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Weihua Hu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- School of Materials & Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
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Chen Z, de Boves Harrington P, Baugh SF. High-Throughput Chemotyping of Cannabis and Hemp Extracts Using an Ultraviolet Microplate Reader and Multivariate Classifiers. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-018-0075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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