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Migration of the 3T3 Cell with a Lamellipodium on Various Stiffness Substrates—Tensegrity Model. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Changes in mechanical stimuli and the physiological environment are sensed by the cell. Thesechanges influence the cell’s motility patterns. The cell’s directional migration is dependent on the substrate stiffness. To describe such behavior of a cell, a tensegrity model was used. Cells with an extended lamellipodium were modeled. The internal elastic strain energy of a cell attached to the substrates with different stiffnesses was evaluated. The obtained results show that on the stiffer substrate, the elastic strain energy of the cell adherent to this substrate decreases. Therefore, the substrate stiffness is one of the parameters that govern the cell’s directional movement.
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Satti S, Deng P, Matthews K, Duffy SP, Ma H. Multiplexed end-point microfluidic chemotaxis assay using centrifugal alignment. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3096-3103. [PMID: 32748936 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00311e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge to multiplexing microfluidic chemotaxis assays at scale is the requirement for time-lapse imaging to continuously track migrating cells. Drug testing and drug screening applications require the ability to perform hundreds of experiments in parallel, which is not feasible for assays that require continuous imaging. To address this limitation, end-point chemotaxis assays have been developed using fluid flow to align cells in traps or sieves prior to cell migration. However, these methods require precisely controlled fluid flow to transport cells to the correct location without undesirable mechanical stress, which introduce significant set up time and design complexity. Here, we describe a microfluidic device that eliminates the need for precise flow control by using centrifugation to align cells at a common starting point. A chemoattractant gradient is then formed using passive diffusion prior to chemotaxis in an incubated environment. This approach provides a simple and scalable approach to multiplexed chemotaxis assays. Centrifugal alignment is also insensitive to cell geometry, enabling this approach to be compatible with primary cell samples that are often heterogeneous. We demonstrate the capability of this approach by assessing chemotaxis of primary neutrophils in response to an fMLP (N-formyl-met-leu-phe) gradient. Our results show that cell alignment by centrifugation offers a potential avenue to develop scalable end-point multiplexed microfluidic chemotaxis assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Satti
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada. and Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pan Deng
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canada and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kerryn Matthews
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canada and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simon P Duffy
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canada and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada and British Columbia Institute of Technology, Canada
| | - Hongshen Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada. and Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canada and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
Neutrophil chemotaxis plays a vital role in human immune system. Compared with traditional cell migration assays, the emergence of microfluidics provides a new research platform of cell chemotaxis study due to the advantages of visualization, precise control of chemical gradient, and small consumption of reagents. A series of microfluidic devices have been fabricated to study the behavior of neutrophils exposed on controlled, stable, and complex profiles of chemical concentration gradients. In addition, microfluidic technology offers a promising way to integrate the other functions, such as cell culture, separation and analysis into a single chip. Therefore, an overview of recent developments in microfluidic-based neutrophil chemotaxis studies is presented. Meanwhile, the strength and drawbacks of these devices are compared.
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Naik P, Jaitpal S, Paul D. The Resurgence of Paperfluidics: A new technology for cell, DNA, and blood analysis. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2020.2966063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Liu Y, Shangguan JW, Xu BY, Yu XD, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Abnormal Liquid Chasing Effect in Paper Capillary Enables Versatile Gradient Generation on Microfluidic Paper Analytical Devices. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2722-2730. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin-Wen Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bi-Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Xiao-Dong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Design keys for paper-based concentration gradient generators. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1561:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis BASA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University
| | - Ayusmen SEN
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Frank A. GOMEZ
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University
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Urteaga R, Elizalde E, Berli CLA. Transverse solute dispersion in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). Analyst 2018; 143:2259-2266. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Key rules for the design of analytical operations based on the transverse solute dispersion in paper are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Urteaga
- IFIS-Litoral (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET)
- Santa Fe
- Argentina
| | - Emanuel Elizalde
- IFIS-Litoral (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET)
- Santa Fe
- Argentina
| | - Claudio L. A. Berli
- INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET)
- Predio CCT-CONICET
- Santa Fe
- Argentina
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9
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Laser carved micro-crack channels in paper-based dilution devices. Talanta 2017; 175:289-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Walsh DI, Murthy SK, Russom A. Ultra-High-Throughput Sample Preparation System for Lymphocyte Immunophenotyping Point-of-Care Diagnostics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:706-12. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068216634003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Irimia D, Ellett F. Big insights from small volumes: deciphering complex leukocyte behaviors using microfluidics. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:291-304. [PMID: 27194799 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ru0216-056r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an indispensable component of the immune response, and leukocytes provide the first line of defense against infection. Although the major stereotypic leukocyte behaviors in response to infection are well known, the complexities and idiosyncrasies of these phenotypes in conditions of disease are still emerging. Novel tools are indispensable for gaining insights into leukocyte behavior, and in the past decade, microfluidic technologies have emerged as an exciting development in the field. Microfluidic devices are readily customizable, provide tight control of experimental conditions, enable high precision of ex vivo measurements of individual as well as integrated leukocyte functions, and have facilitated the discovery of novel leukocyte phenotypes. Here, we review some of the most interesting insights resulting from the application of microfluidic approaches to the study of the inflammatory response. The aim is to encourage leukocyte biologists to integrate these new tools into increasingly more sophisticated experimental designs for probing complex leukocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Division of Surgery, Innovation and Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Felix Ellett
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Division of Surgery, Innovation and Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kenney RM, Boyce MW, Truong AS, Bagnell CR, Lockett MR. Real-time imaging of cancer cell chemotaxis in paper-based scaffolds. Analyst 2015; 141:661-8. [PMID: 26548584 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01787d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular migration is the movement of cells, cultured as a monolayer; cellular invasion is similar to migration, but requires the cells to move through a three-dimensional material such as basement membrane extract or a synthetic hydrogel. Migration assays, such as the transwell assay, are widely used to study cellular movement because they are amenable to high-throughput screens with minimal experimental setup. These assays offer limited information about cellular responses to gradients in vivo because they oversimplify the threedimensional (3D) environment of a tissue. There are a number of invasion assays that support 3D cultures, some of which provide experimental control over the spatial and temporal gradients imparted on the culture. These assays, in their current form, are difficult to setup and maintain, and often require specialized laboratory equipment or engineering expertise. Here we describe a paper-based invasion assay in which cellular movement can be monitored in real-time with fluorescence microscopy. These assays are easily prepared and utilize materials commonly found in any laboratory: a single sheet of paper. These sheets are wax patterned to contain channels in which cells suspended in a hydrogel are seeded and cultured. Cell-containing sheets of paper are placed in a custom-built holder that allows gradients to form along the length of the channels. In this work, we compare the invasion of cells cultured in the presence and absence of an oxygen gradient. Our result support previous findings that oxygen is a chemoattractant, and selectively directs cellular movement in a 3D culture environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Kenney
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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Ahmed S, Bui MPN, Abbas A. Paper-based chemical and biological sensors: Engineering aspects. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 77:249-63. [PMID: 26410389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Remarkable efforts have been dedicated to paper-based chemosensors and biosensors over the last few years, mainly driven by the promise of reaching the best trade-off between performance, affordability and simplicity. Because of the low-cost and rapid prototyping of these sensors, recent research has been focused on providing affordable diagnostic devices to the developing world. The recent progress in sensitivity, multi-functionality and integration of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs), increasingly suggests that this technology is not only attractive in resource-limited environments but it also represents a serious challenger to silicon, glass and polymer-based biosensors. This review discusses the design, chemistry and engineering aspects of these developments, with a focus on the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snober Ahmed
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Minh-Phuong Ngoc Bui
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Abdennour Abbas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, United States.
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