1
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Zhong X, Nayak S, Guo L, Raidas S, Zhao Y, Weiss R, Andisik M, Elango C, Sumner G, Irvin SC, Partridge MA, Yan H, E SY, Qiu H, Mao Y, Torri A, Li N. Liquid Chromatography-Multiple Reaction Monitoring-Mass Spectrometry Assay for Quantitative Measurement of Therapeutic Antibody Cocktail REGEN-COV Concentrations in COVID-19 Patient Serum. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12889-12898. [PMID: 34463470 PMCID: PMC8425334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
REGEN-COV is a cocktail of two human IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (REGN10933 + REGN10987) that targets severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein and has shown great promise to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in COVID-19 patients enrolled in clinical studies. A liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS)-based method, combined with trypsin and rAspN dual enzymatic digestion, was developed for the determination of total REGN10933 and total REGN10987 concentrations in several hundreds of pharmacokinetic (PK) serum samples from COVID-19 patients participating in phase I, II, and III clinical studies. The performance characteristics of this bioanalytical assay were evaluated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, specificity, and analyte stability before and after enzymatic digestion. The developed LC-MRM-MS assay has a dynamic range from 10 to 2000 μg/mL antibody drug in the human serum matrix, which was able to cover the serum drug concentration from day 0 to day 28 after drug administration in two-dose groups for the clinical PK study of REGEN-COV. The concentrations of REGEN-COV in the two-dose groups measured by the LC-MRM-MS assay were comparable to the concentrations measured by a fully validated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhong
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Shruti Nayak
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Lili Guo
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Shivkumar Raidas
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Rachel Weiss
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Matthew Andisik
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Chinnasamy Elango
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Giane Sumner
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Susan C. Irvin
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Michael A. Partridge
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Hong Yan
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Sook Yen E
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Yuan Mao
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Albert Torri
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry, Bioanalytical
Sciences, and Pharmacometrics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707,
United States
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2
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Toole EN, Dufresne C, Ray S, Schwann A, Cook K, Ivanov AR. Rapid Highly-Efficient Digestion and Peptide Mapping of Adeno-Associated Viruses. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10403-10410. [PMID: 34291903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) comprise an area of rapidly growing interest due to their ability to act as a gene delivery vehicle in novel gene therapy strategies and vaccine development. Peptide mapping is a common technique in the biopharmaceutical industry to confirm the correct sequence, product purity, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and stability. However, conventional peptide mapping is time-consuming and has proven difficult to reproduce with viral capsids because of their high structural stability and the suboptimal localization of trypsin cleavage sites in the AAV protein sequences. In this study, we present an optimized peptide mapping-based workflow that provides thorough characterization within 1 day. This workflow is also highly reproducible due to its simplicity having very few steps and is easy to perform proteolytic digestion utilizing thermally stable pepsin, which is active at 70 °C in acidic conditions. The acidic conditions of the peptic digestions drive viral capsid denaturation and improve cleavage site accessibility. We characterized the efficiency and ease of digestion through peptide mapping of the AAV2 viral capsid protein. Using nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, we achieved 100% sequence coverage of the low-abundance VP1 capsid protein with a digestion process taking only 10 min to prepare and 45 min to complete the digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estee Naggar Toole
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, West Palm Beach, Florida 33401, United States.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Craig Dufresne
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, West Palm Beach, Florida 33401, United States
| | - Somak Ray
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alexander Schwann
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Neuhofstrasse 11, 4153 Reinach, Switzerland
| | - Ken Cook
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Stafford House, 1 Boundary Park, Hemel Hempstead HP2 7GE, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander R Ivanov
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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3
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Lai Y, Zhang G, Inhaber N, Bernstein JA, Cwik M, Zhou Z, Chockalingam PS, Wu J. A robust multiplexed assay to quantify C1-inhibitor, C1q, and C4 proteins for in vitro diagnosis of hereditary angioedema from dried blood spot. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113844. [PMID: 33388640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease caused by deficiency or dysfunction of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH). Plasma C1-INH activity and concentrations of C1-INH and complement components 1q and 4 (C1q, C4) are critical to the HAE diagnosis. We describe a novel multiplexed assay to simultaneously measure C1-INH, C1q, and C4 levels in dried blood spot (DBS) of HAE patients. The blood proteins were extracted from 3 mm punches of DBS samples and were subsequently digested by trypsin. The signature peptide derived from each protein was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Analyte-depleted blood was generated as a surrogate matrix for the preparation of calibration curves to overcome the interference of endogenous proteins, and the assay reproducibility was further monitored by assessing the signal of plasma transferrin as a house-keeping protein. The assay was fully validated following regulatory guideline, with a quantification range of 12.5-800 μg/mL for C1-INH and C4 and 3.13-200 μg/mL for C1q. The precision and accuracy ranged from 3.3%-9.8% and -8.2%-12.6%, respectively. All the patient samples exhibited C1-INH levels lower than normal range except the Type II patient and the C4 and C1q concentrations were as expected. Results from the DBS-based LC-MS assay were highly correlated with the ELISA data measured in plasma of the same subjects. The method described here offers unique advantages such as less invasive sampling, minimal blood processing, and easy transportation and sample storage, allowing, for the first time, C1-INH, C4, and C1q levels to be simultaneously determined in a drop of dried blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Lai
- Clinical Biomarker Innovation and Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Clinical Biomarker Innovation and Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neil Inhaber
- Global Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Bernstein Allergy Group and Bernstein Clinical Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Cwik
- Clinical Biomarker Innovation and Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Clinical Biomarker Innovation and Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Priya S Chockalingam
- Clinical Biomarker Innovation and Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jiang Wu
- Clinical Biomarker Innovation and Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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He J, Meng L, Ruppel J, Yang J, Kaur S, Xu K. Automated, Generic Reagent and Ultratargeted 2D-LC-MS/MS Enabling Quantification of Biotherapeutics and Soluble Targets down to pg/mL Range in Serum. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9412-9420. [PMID: 32510921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has recently emerged as a powerful analytical tool for the assessment of pharmacokinetics and biomarkers in drug development. Compared with ligand binding assays, a major advantage of mass spectrometry-based assays is that they are less dependent on high quality binding reagents, while a key limitation is the relatively lower sensitivity. To address the sensitivity issue, we have developed a generic reagent, ultratargeted two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) method which combines commercially available protein A affinity capture, targeted analyte isolation by 2D-LC, and targeted detection by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). A targeted-2D-with-dilution configuration was designed to automate 2D-LC-MS/MS. This method was systematically evaluated using an anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody spiked into monkey and human serum, where lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.78 and 1.56 ng/mL were achieved, respectively. This represents an over 100-fold improvement in assay sensitivity compared to the conventional LC-MS/MS method. The performance of the method was further confirmed by analyzing another monoclonal antibody, bevacizumab, as well as a soluble antigen, circulating PD-L1. The results indicate that our method enables quantification of antibody therapeutics and antigen biomarkers in both clinical and nonclinical samples in the pg/mL to low ng/mL range. Protein A affinity capture was employed as a universal sample preparation procedure applicable to both full-length antibody therapeutics and antibody-antigen complexes. This novel method is also fully automated and proven to be highly robust for routine bioanalysis in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintang He
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lingyao Meng
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jane Ruppel
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Surinder Kaur
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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5
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A sensitive antibody-free 2D-LC–MS/MS assay for the quantitation of myostatin in the serum of different species. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:957-970. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Myostatin (MSTN) is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of muscle degeneration-related diseases and is being evaluated as a target engagement biomarker. Methods: A sensitive 2D-LC–MS/MS assay was developed to quantify MSTN in different animal species. Sample preparation involved SDS denaturation of serum proteins followed by tryptic digestion and peptide enrichment by SPE. Results: The assay was validated with LLOQ of 2.5 ng/ml in rat and monkey serum. The precision was within 13.7%, and the bias was within ±12.6% for all quality control samples in authentic matrices. Conclusion: This new assay was successfully applied to measure MSTN in mouse, rat, monkey and human serum. The total MSTN in rat and monkey serum was elevated following administration of an MSTN inhibitor.
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6
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An LC–MS/MS approach to assess total and free protein target in the serum of cynomolgus monkey. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:393-406. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Develop LC–MS/MS-based assays to measure total and free complement C5 in cynomolgus monkey serum as a target engagement biomarker for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic correlation study. Materials & methods/results: The C5-specific signature peptide derived from pellet digestion of serum proteins with and without prior immunodepletion of the drug-bound C5 by protein A beads was quantified to assess free and total C5 levels, respectively. Conditions for immunodepletion by protein A were optimized to ensure complete depletion of IgGs (and drug-bound C5). The effect of sample dilution on drug-target dissociation and thus free C5 measurement was evaluated by applying a mathematical simulation. Conclusion: The procedure described here allows for the assessment of protein target engagement, aiding in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic correlation analysis and human dose projection.
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Takada M, Ohba Y, Kamiya S, Kabashima T, Nakashima K. Simple and rapid analysis of tocilizumab using HPLC-fluorescence detection method. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 34:347-352. [PMID: 30809900 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel assay using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection for the determination of tocilizumab (TCZ), after it has undergone a facile and rapid pretreatment. TCZ belongs to the same subclass as IgG1 (Immunoglobulin G subclass 1), and we could separate TCZ from IgG1 without antigen-antibody reactions, with the novel detection method. The separation of these antibodies was achieved by pretreatment with an organic solvent containing a base, such as trimethylamine and triethylamine. The effect of these bases on the separation of TCZ is related to the hydrophobicity of the base rather than the electrostatic charge. The results indicated that the surface charge of antibodies changed because of the structural change, even though the difference in the amino acid sequences of the antibodies was very low. Our method is available for the separation of the antibody subclasses, and it would be useful to assay TCZ in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo City, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ohba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo City, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Seitaro Kamiya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo City, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kabashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo City, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Nakashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo City, Nagasaki, Japan
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2018 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: focus on immunogenicity assays by hybrid LBA/LCMS and regulatory feedback (Part 2 - PK, PD & ADA assays by hybrid LBA/LCMS & regulatory agencies' inputs on bioanalysis, biomarkers and immunogenicity). Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1897-1917. [PMID: 30488729 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2018 12th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis took place in Philadelphia, PA, USA on April 9-13, 2018 with an attendance of over 900 representatives from pharmaceutical/biopharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, contract research organizations and regulatory agencies worldwide. WRIB was once again a 5-day, week-long event - a full immersion week of bioanalysis, biomarkers and immunogenicity. As usual, it was specifically designed to facilitate sharing, reviewing, discussing and agreeing on approaches to address the most current issues of interest including both small- and large-molecule bioanalysis involving LCMS, hybrid LBA/LCMS and LBA/cell-based assays approaches. This 2018 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2018 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 2) covers the recommendations for PK, PD and ADA assays by hybrid LBA/LCMS and regulatory agencies' input. Part 1 (LCMS for small molecules, peptides, oligonucleotides and small molecule biomarkers) and Part 3 (LBA/cell-based assays: immunogenicity, biomarkers and PK assays) are published in volume 10 of Bioanalysis, issues 22 and 24 (2018), respectively.
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Hamidaddin MA, AlRabiah H, Darwish IA. Development and validation of generic heterogeneous fluoroimmunoassay for bioanalysis of bevacizumab and cetuximab monoclonal antibodies used for cancer immunotherapy. Talanta 2018; 188:562-569. [PMID: 30029413 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study describes, for the first time, the development and validation of a highly selective and sensitive heterogeneous fluoroimmunoassay (FIA) for the bioanalysis of two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used for cancer immunotherapy: bevacizumab (BEV) and cetuximab (CET). The assay combines reliable non-competitive binding of BEV and CET to their specific cell receptor proteins (human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), respectively) with the highly specific fluorescence activity of the fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled anti-human IgG (FITC-IgG) used as label. The limits of detection were 14.14 and 1.27 × 103 ng mL-1 for BEV and CET, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the assay were demonstrated. The assay is simple, convenient, and requires very small volume (~ 5 µL) of plasma sample for analysis. The assay can offer high throughput analysis in clinical settings when modern microplates of multiplies of 96 (up to 6144-wells) are used and/or integrated as a part of automated robotic system. The proposed assay can be used for routine clinical bioanalysis of mAbs with potential application in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Hamidaddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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AlRabiah H, Hamidaddin MA, Darwish IA. Automated flow fluorescent noncompetitive immunoassay for measurement of human plasma levels of monoclonal antibodies used for immunotherapy of cancers with KinExA™ 3200 biosensor. Talanta 2018; 192:331-338. [PMID: 30348399 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study describes, for the first time, the development of an automated sensitive flow fluorescent noncompetitive immunoassay based on kinetic-exclusion analysis (KinExA) for the quantitative determination of human plasma levels of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used for cancer immunotherapy. The assay was adapted on KinExA™ 3200 biosensor and optimized and validated for bevacizumab (BEV) and cetuximab (CET), as representative examples of the mAbs, using their specific antigens. These antigens were the human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for BEV and CET, respectively. The limits of detection were 1.28 and 52.64 ng mL-1 for BEV and CET, respectively. The accuracy of the assay was demonstrated with analytical recovery of analytes from spiked plasma at 96.2-104.3 and 96.8-105.3% for BEV and CET, respectively. The precision of the assay was satisfactory as shown by relative standard deviation (RSD) at 2.2-5.7 and 2.5-6.1% for assay of BEV and CET, respectively. The high sensitivity of the assay allowed the use of very small volumes (~ 1 µL) of plasma sample for analysis. Automated analysis by the proposed KinExA-based assay facilitates the processing of large numbers of mAbs-containing specimens in studies of pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of therapeutic mAbs. The proposed assay can be used to overcome the problems encountered in the existing conventional immunoassays for mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Hamidaddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Development of an automated, interference-free, 2D-LC–MS/MS assay for quantification of a therapeutic mAb in human sera. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1023-1037. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Hybrid LC–MS/MS assays are increasingly used to quantitate proteins in biological matrices. These assays involve analyte enrichment at the protein level. Although suitability has been demonstrated, they are limited by the lack of appropriate affinity reagents and may suffer from interferences caused by binding proteins or antibodies. Results: An online stable isotope standards and capture by anti-peptide antibodies assay was developed, which involves tryptic digestion of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody in human serum to destroy interfering proteins followed by enrichment using high affinity peptide antibodies. The assay was validated and compared with a standard ligand-binding assay currently used for quantification. Conclusion: The data show that the stable isotope standards and capture by anti-peptide antibodies-2D-LC–MS/MS assay can be used as an alternative method for measurement of monoclonal antibodies in clinical samples.
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12
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2D-LC–MS/MS to measure cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen in human plasma as a biomarker for C1-INH-HAE. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1477-1491. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: C1-INH-HAE is caused by activation of plasma kallikrein which subsequently cleaves high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK) to generate bradykinin and cHMWK. Materials & methods: A novel ion-pair 2D LC–MS/MS assay was developed to measure the 46 kDa cHMWK in plasma as a biomarker for C1-INH-HAE. The sample preparation included sodium dodecyl sulfate denaturation, methanol crash, chymotryptic digestion and peptide enrichment by solid phase extraction. Results: The LLOQ was 200 ng/ml. The overall cHMWK recovery combining crash and digestion was 57.5%. The precision of the method was ≤12.7% and accuracy ≤-13.8%. Conclusion: A reagent-free LC–MS assay has been developed for the quantitation of 46 kDa cHMWK, which was shown to be elevated in plasma of C1-INH-HAE patients due to C1-INH deficiency relative to that of healthy subjects.
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13
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Richard VR, Domanski D, Percy AJ, Borchers CH. An online 2D-reversed-phase – Reversed-phase chromatographic method for sensitive and robust plasma protein quantitation. J Proteomics 2017; 168:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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van de Schans MGM, Blokland MH, Zoontjes PW, Mulder PPJ, Nielen MWF. Multiple heart-cutting two dimensional liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1503:38-48. [PMID: 28487121 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their and the corresponding N-oxides (PAs-ox) are genotoxic plant metabolites which can be present as unwanted contaminants in food products of herbal origin like tea and food supplements. PAs and PAs-ox come in a wide variety of molecular structures including many structural isomers. For toxicity assessment it is important to determine the composition of a sample and to resolve all isomeric PAs and PAs-ox, which is currently not possible in one liquid or gas chromatographic (LC or GC) run. In this study an online two dimensional liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D-LC QToF-MS) method was developed to resolve isomeric PAs and PAs-ox. After comprehensive column and mobile phase selection a polar endcapped C18 column was used at pH 3 in the first dimension, and a cross-linked C18 column at pH 10 in the second dimension. Injection solvents, column IDs, flow rates and temperatures were carefully optimized. The method with column selection valve switching described in this study was able to resolve and visualize 20 individual PAs/PAs-ox (6 sets of isomers) in one 2D-LC QToF-MS run. Moreover, it was shown that all isomeric PAs/PAs-ox could be unambiguously annotated. The method was shown to be applicable for the determination and quantification of isomeric PAs/PAs-ox in plant extracts and could be easily extended to include other PAs and PAs-ox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milou G M van de Schans
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco H Blokland
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul W Zoontjes
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick P J Mulder
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- RIKILT Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Li W, Lin H, Fu Y, Flarakos J. LC–MS/MS determination of a human mAb drug candidate in rat serum using an isotopically labeled universal mAb internal standard. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1044-1045:166-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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The clinical utility of mass spectrometry based protein assays. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 459:155-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Lanshoeft C, Heudi O, Cianférani S. SMART Digest™ compared with pellet digestion for analysis of human immunoglobulin G1 in rat serum by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2016; 501:23-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Todoroki K, Nakano T, Eda Y, Ohyama K, Hayashi H, Tsuji D, Min JZ, Inoue K, Iwamoto N, Kawakami A, Ueki Y, Itoh K, Toyo'oka T. Bioanalysis of bevacizumab and infliximab by high-temperature reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity magnetic purification. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 916:112-9. [PMID: 27016445 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study presents two simple and rapid methods for the quantification of therapeutic mAbs based on LC. Two mAbs (bevacizumab and infliximab) in plasma samples were purified using magnetic beads immobilized with a commercially-available idiotype antibody for each mAb. Purified mAbs were separated with HT-RPLC and detected with their native fluorescence. Using immunoaffinity beads, each mAb was selectively purified and detected as a single peak in the chromatogram. The HT-RPLC achieved good separation for the mAbs with sharp peaks within 20 min. The calibration curves of the two mAbs ranged from 1 to 20 μg mL(-1) (bevacizumab) and 1-10 μg mL(-1) (infliximab), and they had strong correlation coefficients (r(2) > 0.998). The LOD of bevacizumab and infliximab was 0.07 and 0.15 μg mL(-1), and the LLOQ of bevacizumab and infliximab was 0.12 and 0.25 μg mL(-1), respectively. Thus, the sensitivities were sufficient for clinical analysis. Immunoaffinity purification with HT-RPLC produced a selective and accurate bioanalysis without an LC-MS/MS instrument. Both methods could become general-purpose analytical methods and complement the results obtained with conventional LBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Todoroki
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Nakano
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Eda
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Social Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daiki Tsuji
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Zhe Min
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwamoto
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | | | - Kunihiko Itoh
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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