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Suwa M, Tsukahara S, Watarai H. Applications of magnetic and electromagnetic forces in micro-analytical systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1097-1127. [PMID: 36636900 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Novel applications of magnetic fields in analytical chemistry have become a remarkable trend in the last two decades. Various magnetic forces have been employed for the migration, orientation, manipulation, and trapping of microparticles, and new analytical platforms for separating and detecting molecules have been proposed. Magnetic materials such as functional magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanocomposites, and specially designed magnetic solids and liquids have also been developed for analytical purposes. Numerous attractive applications of magnetic and electromagnetic forces on magnetic and non-magnetic materials have been studied, but fundamental studies to understand the working principles of magnetic forces have been challenging. These studies will form a new field of magneto-analytical science, which should be developed as an interdisciplinary field. In this review, essential pioneering works and recent attractive developments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - S Tsukahara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
| | - H Watarai
- R3 Institute for Newly-Emerging Science Design, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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Rana A, Reza M, Shit G. Electromagnetohydrodynamic thermo-fluidic transport in a porous microchannel with wall roughness. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sikes JC, Wonner K, Nicholson A, Cignoni P, Fritsch I, Tschulik K. Characterization of Nanoparticles in Diverse Mixtures Using Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Nanoparticle Tracking by Dark-Field Microscopy with Redox Magnetohydrodynamics Microfluidics. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 2:289-298. [PMID: 35915589 PMCID: PMC9335947 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
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Redox magnetohydrodynamics
(RMHD) microfluidics is coupled with
dark-field microscopy (DFM) to offer high-throughput single-nanoparticle
(NP) differentiation in situ and operando in a flowing mixture by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)
and tracking of NPs. The color of the scattered light allows visualization
of the NPs below the diffraction limit. Their Brownian motion in 1-D
superimposed on and perpendicular to the RMHD trajectory yields their
diffusion coefficients. LSPR and diffusion coefficients provide two
orthogonal modalities for characterization where each depends on a
particle’s material composition, shape, size, and interactions
with the surrounding medium. RMHD coupled with DFM was demonstrated
on a mixture of 82 ± 9 nm silver and 140 ± 10 nm gold-coated
silica nanospheres. The two populations of NPs in the mixture were
identified by blue/green and orange/red LSPR and their scattering
intensity, respectively, and their sizes were further evaluated based
on their diffusion coefficients. RMHD microfluidics facilitates high-throughput
analysis by moving the sample solution across the wide field of view
absent of physical vibrations within the experimental cell. The well-controlled
pumping allows for a continuous, reversible, and uniform flow for
precise and simultaneous NP tracking of the Brownian motion. Additionally,
the amounts of nanomaterials required for the analysis are minimized
due to the elimination of an inlet and outlet. Several hundred individual
NPs were differentiated from each other in the mixture flowing in
forward and reverse directions. The ability to immediately reverse
the flow direction also facilitates re-analysis of the NPs, enabling
more precise sizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazlynn C. Sikes
- University of Arkansas Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Kevin Wonner
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry II, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Aaron Nicholson
- University of Arkansas Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Paolo Cignoni
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry II, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fritsch
- University of Arkansas Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Kristina Tschulik
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry II, Bochum 44801, Germany
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Wang J, Wang D, Hui N. A low fouling electrochemical biosensor based on the zwitterionic polypeptide doped conducting polymer PEDOT for breast cancer marker BRCA1 detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 136:107595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nguyen LD, Huynh TM, Nguyen TSV, Le DN, Baptist R, Doan TCD, Dang CM. Nafion/platinum modified electrode-on-chip for the electrochemical detection of trace iron in natural water. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cardoso RM, dos Santos RO, Munoz RAA, Garcia CD, Blanes L. A Multi-Pump Magnetohydrodynamics Lab-On-A-Chip Device for Automated Flow Control and Analyte Delivery. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20174909. [PMID: 32877999 PMCID: PMC7506898 DOI: 10.3390/s20174909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article shows the development of a computer-controlled lab-on-a-chip device with three magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pumps and a pneumatic valve. The chip was made of a stack of layers of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), cut using a laser engraver and thermally bonded. The MHD pumps were built using permanent magnets (neodymium) and platinum electrodes, all of them controlled by an Arduino board and a set of relays. The implemented pumps were able to drive solutions in the open channels with a flow rate that increased proportionally with the channel width and applied voltage. To address the characteristic low pressures generated by this kind of pump, all channels were interconnected. Because the electrodes were immersed in the electrolyte, causing electrolysis and pH variations, the composition and ionic strength of the electrolyte solution were controlled. Additionally, side structures for releasing bubbles were integrated. With this multi-pump and valve solution, the device was used to demonstrate the possibility of performing an injection sequence in a system that resembles a traditional flow injection analysis system. Ultimately, the results demonstrate the possibility of performing injection sequences using an array of MHD pumps that can perform fluid handling in the 0-5 µL s-1 range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M. Cardoso
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-000, Brazil; (R.M.C.); (R.A.A.M.)
| | - Robson O. dos Santos
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo A. A. Munoz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-000, Brazil; (R.M.C.); (R.A.A.M.)
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Correspondence: (C.D.G); (L.B.)
| | - Lucas Blanes
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (C.D.G); (L.B.)
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Haehnel V, Khan FZ, Mutschke G, Cierpka C, Uhlemann M, Fritsch I. Combining magnetic forces for contactless manipulation of fluids in microelectrode-microfluidic systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5103. [PMID: 30911104 PMCID: PMC6433926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method to drive and manipulate fluid in a contactless way in a microelectrode-microfluidic system is demonstrated by combining the Lorentz and magnetic field gradient forces. The method is based on the redox-reaction [Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4- performed in a magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the ionic current that crosses the gap between two arrays of oppositely polarized microelectrodes, generating a magnetohydrodynamic flow. Additionally, a movable magnetized CoFe micro-strip is placed at different positions beneath the gap. In this region, the magnetic flux density is changed locally and a strong magnetic field gradient is formed. The redox-reaction changes the magnetic susceptibility of the electrolyte near the electrodes, and the resulting magnetic field gradient exerts a force on the fluid, which leads to a deflection of the Lorentz force-driven main flow. Particle Image Velocity measurements and numerical simulations demonstrate that by combining the two magnetic forces, the flow is not only redirected, but also a local change of concentration of paramagnetic species is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Haehnel
- Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Foysal Z Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Gerd Mutschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Cierpka
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics,Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Margitta Uhlemann
- Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Fritsch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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Khan FZ, Hutcheson JA, Hunter CJ, Powless AJ, Benson D, Fritsch I, Muldoon TJ. Redox-Magnetohydrodynamically Controlled Fluid Flow with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Coupled to an Epitaxial Light Sheet Confocal Microscope for Image Cytometry Applications. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7862-7870. [PMID: 29873231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present the merging of two technologies to perform continuous high-resolution fluorescence imaging of cellular suspensions in a deep microfluidics chamber with no moving parts. An epitaxial light sheet confocal microscope (e-LSCM) was used to image suspensions enabled by fluid transport via redox-magnetohydrodynamics (R-MHD). The e-LSCM features a linear solid state sensor, oriented perpendicular to the direction of flow, that can bin the emission across different numbers of pixels, yielding electronically adjustable optical sectioning. This, in addition to intensity thresholding, defines the axial resolution, which was validated with an optical phantom of polystyrene microspheres suspended in agarose. The linear fluid speed within the microfluidics chamber was uniform (0.16-2.9%) across the 0.5-1.0 mm lateral field of view (dependent upon the chosen magnification) with continuous acquisition. Also, the camera's linear exposure periods were controlled to ensure an accurate image aspect ratio across this span. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was electrodeposited as an immobilized redox film on electrodes of a chip for R-MHD, and the fluid flow was calibrated to specific linear speeds as a function of applied current. Images of leukocytes stained with acridine orange, a fluorescent, amphipathic vital dye that intercalates DNA, were acquired in the R-MHD microfluidics chamber with the e-LSCM to demonstrate imaging of biological samples. The combination of these technologies provides a miniaturizable platform for large sample volumes and high-throughput, image-based analysis without the requirement of moving parts, enabling development of robust, point-of-care image cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foysal Z Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Joshua A Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Courtney J Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Amy J Powless
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Devin Benson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Ingrid Fritsch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Timothy J Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
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