1
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Kim JC, Hwang IM, Kim HM, Kim S, Shin TS, Woo SD, Park HW. Rapid analysis of insecticidal metabolites from the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana 331R using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:123-132. [PMID: 37968430 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana, a representative entomopathogenic fungus, is increasingly being utilized as an eco-friendly pest management alternative to chemical insecticides. This fungus produces a range of insecticidal secondary metabolites that act as antimicrobial and immunosuppressive agents. However, detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis related to these compounds remains scarce, we developed a method for the rapid analysis of these metabolites. Eight secondary metabolites (bassianin, bassianolide, beauvericin, beauveriolide I, enniatin A, A1, and B, and tenellin) were efficiently extracted when B. bassiana-infected Tenebrio molitor larvae were ground in 70% EtOH extraction solvent and subsequently subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 min. The eight metabolites were rapidly and simultaneously analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS). Bassianolide (20.6-51.1 µg/g) and beauvericin (63.6-109.8 µg/g) were identified as the main metabolites in B. basssiana-infected larvae, indicating that they are likely major toxins of B. bassiana. Validation of the method exhibited recovery rates in the range of 80-115% and precision in the range of 0.1-8.0%, indicating no significant interference from compounds in the matrix. We developed a method to rapidly analyze eight insecticidal metabolites using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS. This can be extensively utilized for detecting and producing insecticidal fungal secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Cheol Kim
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - In Min Hwang
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Myeong Kim
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulbi Kim
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Bioscience & Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Teak Su Shin
- R&D Center, Solvm Co., Ltd., Daejeon, 34014, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Dong Woo
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture, Life & Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Woong Park
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Dsk P, Fodor PS, Kothapalli CR. A Flexible Kenics Mixer for Applications in Liquid Chromatography. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1373. [PMID: 37512684 PMCID: PMC10386428 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization of liquid chromatography could help enhance sensitivity, reduce solvent usage, and detect small quantities of peptides. However, it demands better sample homogenization of the mobile phase. We here developed a mixer design based on the inline Kenics geometry, consisting of a periodic arrangement of twisted blades placed inside a cylindrical capillary that repeatedly cut and stack fluid elements to achieve rapid mixing in laminar flow regimes. The mixer design was optimized with respect to the twist angle and aspect ratio of the mixing units to achieve complete mixing at minimum pressure load cost. Results suggest that for optimal designs, for a mixer volume of ~70 μL, complete mixing is achieved within a distance smaller than 4 cm for a broad set of flow rate conditions ranging from 75 μL·min-1 to 7.5 mL·min-1. A salient feature that we introduce and test for the first time is the physical flexibility of the cylindrical capillary. The performance of the design remained robust when the mixing section was not rigid and bent in different topologies, as well as when changing the chemical composition of the mobile phase used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachet Dsk
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Petru S Fodor
- Department of Physics, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44236, USA
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3
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Jaekel A, Wirtz M, Lamotte S, Legelli M. Performance in (Ultra-)high-performance liquid chromatography-How to qualify and optimize instruments in practice. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200894. [PMID: 36757818 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the suitability of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/high-performance liquid chromatography hybrid system for ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography applications. Thus, the effect of extra column band broadening, the gradient system, and the injection system were tested and optimized according to their capabilities. An increase of the theoretical plate number up to a factor of two is achieved by the optimization of the extra column volume into the typical ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography range (<10 μl). Moreover, for qualitative purposes injections of volumes typical for ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography methods are precise. Despite this, a lack of precision and accuracy was determined for the gradient system, and the dwell volume meets the typical specification range for conventional HPLC systems. Therefore, hybrid systems are the intercept between both spectra and are limitedly suitable for ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography applications. Another way to approximate ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography performance using a high-performance liquid chromatography system is superficially porous particles. Thus, H/u curves of 5 μm superficially porous and 3 μm fully porous particles were recorded in order to determine the effect of the particle technology resulting in comparable performance of the used stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jaekel
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Michaela Wirtz
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Stefan Lamotte
- Department of Analytical and Material Science, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Mo Legelli
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
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4
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Wicht K, Baert M, von Doehren N, Desmet G, de Villiers A, Lynen F. Speeding up temperature-responsive × reversed-phase comprehensive liquid chromatography through the combined exploitation of temperature and flow rate gradients. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Miller RC, Cummings C, Huang Q, Ando N, Gillilan RE. Inline small-angle X-ray scattering-coupled chromatography under extreme hydrostatic pressure. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4489. [PMID: 36320105 PMCID: PMC9669991 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As continuing discoveries highlight the surprising abundance and resilience of deep ocean and subsurface microbial life, the effects of extreme hydrostatic pressure on biological structure and function have attracted renewed interest. Biological small-angle X-ray scattering (BioSAXS) is a widely used method of obtaining structural information from biomolecules in solution under a wide range of solution conditions. Due to its ability to reduce radiation damage, remove aggregates, and separate monodisperse components from complex mixtures, size-exclusion chromatography-coupled SAXS (SEC-SAXS) is now the dominant form of BioSAXS at many synchrotron beamlines. While BioSAXS can currently be performed with some difficulty under pressure with non-flowing samples, it has not been clear how, or even if, continuously flowing SEC-SAXS, with its fragile media-packed columns, might work in an extreme high-pressure environment. Here we show, for the first time, that reproducible chromatographic separations coupled directly to high-pressure BioSAXS can be achieved at pressures up to at least 100 MPa and that pressure-induced changes in folding and oligomeric state and other properties can be observed. The apparatus described here functions at a range of temperatures (0°C-50°C), expanding opportunities for understanding biomolecular rules of life in deep ocean and subsurface environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Cody Cummings
- Center for High Energy X‐ray Sciences (CHEXS)IthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Qingqiu Huang
- Center for High Energy X‐ray Sciences (CHEXS)IthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Nozomi Ando
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
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6
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den Uijl MJ, Roeland T, Bos TS, Schoenmakers PJ, van Bommel MR, Pirok BW. Assessing the feasibility of stationary-phase-assisted modulation for two-dimensional liquid-chromatography separations. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Anderson KW, Hudgens JW. Chromatography at -30 °C for Reduced Back-Exchange, Reduced Carryover, and Improved Dynamic Range for Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1282-1292. [PMID: 35732031 PMCID: PMC9264389 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
For hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to have an increased role in quality control of biopharmaceuticals, H for D back-exchange occurring during protein analyses should be minimized to promote greater reproducibility. Standard HDX-MS analysis systems that digest proteins and separate peptides at pH 2.7 and 0 °C can lose >30% of the deuterium marker within 15 min of sample injection. This report describes the architecture and performance of a dual-enzyme, HDX-MS instrument that conducts liquid chromatography (LC) separations at subzero temperature, thereby reducing back-exchange and supporting longer LC separations with improved chromatographic resolution. LC separations of perdeuterated, fully reduced, iodoacetamide-treated BSA protein digest standard peptides were performed at 0, -10, -20, and -30 °C in ethylene glycol (EG)/H2O mixtures. Analyses conducted at -20 and -30 °C produced similar results. After subtracting for deuterium retained in arginine side chains, the average peptide eluted during a 40 min gradient contained ≈16% more deuterium than peptides eluted with a conventional 8 min gradient at 0 °C. A subset of peptides exhibited ≈26% more deuterium. Although chromatographic peaks shift with EG concentration and temperature, the apparatus elutes unbroadened LC peaks. Electrospray ion intensity does not decline with increasing EG fraction. To minimize bias from sample carryover, the fluidic circuits allow flush and backflush cleaning of all enzyme and LC columns. The system can perform LC separations and clean enzyme columns simultaneously. Temperature zones are controlled ±0.058 °C. The potential of increased sensitivity by mixing acetonitrile with the analytical column effluent was also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W. Anderson
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Bioprocess
Measurement Group, Biomolecular Measurements Division, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Hudgens
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Bioprocess
Measurement Group, Biomolecular Measurements Division, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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8
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Hettiarachchi K, Streckfuss E, Sanzone JR, Wang J, Hayes M, Kong M, Greshock TJ. Microscale Purification with Direct Charged Aerosol Detector Quantitation Using Selective Online One- or Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8309-8316. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanaka Hettiarachchi
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213. E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Eric Streckfuss
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jillian R. Sanzone
- External Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213. E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213. E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Michael Hayes
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213. E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - May Kong
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213. E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas J. Greshock
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213. E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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9
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Broeckhoven K. Advances in the limits of separation power in supercritical fluid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Moussa A, Deridder S, Broeckhoven K, Desmet G. Detailed computational fluid dynamics study of the parameters contributing to the viscous heating band broadening in liquid chromatography at pressures up to 2500 bar in 2.1 mm columns. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1661:462683. [PMID: 34883357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years viscous heating band broadening occurring in high pressure liquid chromatography has been studied extensively. In the present numerical study, we investigate the fine details of this band broadening contribution under extreme high-pressure conditions (2500 bar). To analyze the results, we first show that viscous heating leads to two clearly distinguishable band broadening effects, one originating from the radial differences in the species migration velocity and the other from the axial variations. It was found that the radial contribution is independent of the intrinsic band broadening of the bed (i.e. band broadening in absence of viscous heating) while it strongly depends on the radial dispersion coefficient and the retention enthalpy of the analytes. On the other hand, the axial contribution is strongly dependent on the bed intrinsic band broadening and it is found to be 4 to 5 times lower than the radial contribution. We also show the strong effect of the endfittings on the temperature gradients inside the column thus on the resulting viscous heating band broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moussa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Sander Deridder
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Ken Broeckhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.
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11
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Wang C, Tang R, Pan L, Wu W, Ma S, Wei Y, Ou J. Preparation of core-shell microporous organic polymer-coated silica microspheres for chromatographic separation and N-glycopeptides enrichment. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:1458-1468. [PMID: 34559936 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Through a "one-pot" strategy, a layer of microporous organic polymer was coated onto the surface of monodisperse amino-functionalized silica microsphere via amino-aldehyde condensation reaction with core-shell structure. The change in chemical structure of material before and after modification was determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Due to existence of a large number of amino and aldehyde groups in microporous organic polymer shell, the water contact angle decreased from 56.8° (silica microspheres) to 34.7° (microporous organic polymer-coated silica microspheres). Based on these properties, microporous organic polymer-coated silica microspheres were employed as the stationary phase for capillary liquid chromatography and successfully offered baseline separation of polar small molecules. Additionally, the material could also be served as the sorbent of hydrophilic interaction chromatography to enrich glycopeptides from human serum digest. A total of 470 unique N-glycopeptides and 342 N-glycosylation sites mapped to 112 N-glycosylated proteins were unambiguously identified from 2 μL of human serum, exhibiting a promising application prospect of microporous organic polymer-coated silica microspheres in the pretreatment of proteomics samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Lei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Wenrui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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12
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James EI, Murphree TA, Vorauer C, Engen JR, Guttman M. Advances in Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry and the Pursuit of Challenging Biological Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 122:7562-7623. [PMID: 34493042 PMCID: PMC9053315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Solution-phase hydrogen/deuterium
exchange (HDX) coupled to mass
spectrometry (MS) is a widespread tool for structural analysis across
academia and the biopharmaceutical industry. By monitoring the exchangeability
of backbone amide protons, HDX-MS can reveal information about higher-order
structure and dynamics throughout a protein, can track protein folding
pathways, map interaction sites, and assess conformational states
of protein samples. The combination of the versatility of the hydrogen/deuterium
exchange reaction with the sensitivity of mass spectrometry has enabled
the study of extremely challenging protein systems, some of which
cannot be suitably studied using other techniques. Improvements over
the past three decades have continually increased throughput, robustness,
and expanded the limits of what is feasible for HDX-MS investigations.
To provide an overview for researchers seeking to utilize and derive
the most from HDX-MS for protein structural analysis, we summarize
the fundamental principles, basic methodology, strengths and weaknesses,
and the established applications of HDX-MS while highlighting new
developments and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie I James
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Taylor A Murphree
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Clint Vorauer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Miklos Guttman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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13
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Ali F, Cheong WJ, Rafique A, AlOthman ZA, Sadia M, Muhammad M. Particle packed mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phase for the separation of peptide in liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1430-1439. [PMID: 33492780 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A particle-based stationary phase has been prepared for the separation of five synthetic peptides and a mixture containing tryptic digest of cytochrome C in liquid chromatography. Particles originating from silica monolith were differentially sedimented to obtain 1-2 μm particles. A stationary phase was achieved by the coating of poly(styrene-methacrylic acid-N-phenylacrylamide) copolymer onto the particles via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization reaction. Stainless steel column (30 cm long and 1 mm internal diameter) was packed with stationary phase. Very high separation efficiency (ca. 351 000 plates/m) was achieved for five commercial peptides with a percent relative standard deviation of less than 1%. Protocol for the synthesis and modification of silica monolith particles has been well optimized with a good reproducibility both in particle and pore size. The column resolved about 21 peptide components from a mixture containing tryptic digest of cytochrome C, under the elution conditions of acetonitrile/15 mM ammonium format (65/35 v/v%) with a flow rate of 28 μL/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Won Jo Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Aamra Rafique
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of The Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Zeid A AlOthman
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Sadia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mian Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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14
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Wahab MF, Roy D, Armstrong DW. The theory and practice of ultrafast liquid chromatography: A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1151:238170. [PMID: 33608081 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Modern high-throughput experimentation and challenging analytical problems of academic/industrial research have put the responsibility on separation scientists to develop new fast separation approaches. With the availability of high-pressure pumps, small particles with hydrolytically stable surface chemistries, reduced extra-column band broadening, and low volume detectors with fast signal processing, it is now feasible to do sub-minute to sub-second chromatography. Herein, the fundamental theoretical principles of ultrafast chromatography, along with practical solutions, are reviewed. Approaches for rapid separations in packed beds, narrow open tubular columns, and monoliths are demonstrated, along with the challenges that were faced. The instrumentation requirements (pumps, injection systems, detectors, column packing process) for using short columns ranging from 0.5 to 5 cm are examined, followed by real applications. One of the main problems in ultrafast chromatography is partial or complete peak overlap. As per Gidding's statistical overlap theory, peak overlap cannot be avoided for a completely random sample for a column with a given peak capacity. Signal processing techniques based on Fourier transform deconvolution of band broadening, power laws, derivatives, and iterative curve fitting are explained to help improve the chromatographic resolution. An example of ten peaks separated in under a second is shown and discussed. Other ultrafast separations in supercritical fluid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis are briefly mentioned to provide a complete understanding of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farooq Wahab
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Daipayan Roy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA.
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15
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Assessing effects of ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography instrument configuration on dispersion, system pressure, and retention. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461660. [PMID: 33189961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study involves the systematic assessment of the effects of system configuration on dispersion, pressure, and retention characteristics while operating a 1500 bar UHPLC system with 2.1 mm i.d. × 100 mm long columns packed with 1.5 µm core-shell particles in isocratic and gradient mode. Altering the system configuration by changing the i.d. of connection tubing and flow cells affects the elution time, dispersion characteristics, and the kinetic performance limits of the system. The gain in separation efficiency when decreasing tubing i.d. from 100 to 75 µm was found to contribute more to the decrease in separation impedance and the position of the kinetic performance curve than the loss in available column pressure induced by the narrower tubing. When applying steep gradients, characterized by gradient-to-column dead-time ratio < 7, optimizing instrument configuration leads to either a significant time gain factor of 3.9 without compromising peak capacity, or a gain in peak capacity with a gain factor of 1.3 while maintaining the analysis time constant. Due to the reduced fluidic volume of connection tubing of smaller i.d., a decrease in residence time is obtained. At the same time, an increase in k was observed due to a pressure-induced retention effect, and this effect is significant for late-eluting analytes.
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16
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Ding M, Yang L, Zeng J, Yan X, Wang Q. Orderly MOF-Assembled Hybrid Monolithic Stationary Phases for Nano-Flow HPLC. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15757-15765. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ding
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiahui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiuquan Wang
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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17
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The use of UHPLC, IMS, and HRMS in multiresidue analytical methods: A critical review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1158:122369. [PMID: 33091675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Residue chemists who analyse pesticides in vegetables or veterinary drugs in animal-based food are currently facing a situation where there is a requirement to detect more and more compounds at lower and lower concentrations. Conventional tandem quadrupole instruments provide sufficient sensitivity, but speed and selectivity appear as future limitations. This will become an even larger issue when there is a need to not only detect active compounds but also their degradation products and metabolites. This will likely lead to a situation in which the conventional targeted approach must be expanded or augmented by a certain non-targeted strategy. High-resolution mass spectrometry provides such capabilities, but it frequently requires an additional degree of selectivity for the unequivocal confirmation of analytes present at trace levels in highly complex and variable food matrices. The hyphenation of ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with ion mobility and high-resolution mass spectrometry provides analytical chemists with a new tool for performing such a demanding multiresidue analysis. The objective of this paper is to investigate the benefits of the added ion mobility dimension as well as to critically discuss the current limitations of this commercially available technology.
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18
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Qian Z, Wu Z, Li C, Tan G, Hu H, Li W. A green liquid chromatography method for rapid determination of ergosterol in edible fungi based on matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction and a core-shell column. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3337-3343. [PMID: 32930220 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing a green analytical method for the analysis of components in food samples is an important research aspect of liquid chromatography (LC). The traditional LC method usually consumes a lot of toxic solvent for sample extraction and LC separation. In the current study, a green analytical method for the rapid determination of ergosterol in edible fungi was established. The sample was extracted and purified by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) with a green solution (ethanol and water). The LC separation was performed using a Poroshell 120 SB-C18 (4.6 × 30 mm, 2.7 μm) column with a green mobile phase (94% ethanol) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 283 nm. The calibration curve of ergosterol showed good linearity (R = 0.9999) within the test range (4.21-25.27 μg mL-1). The RSD of precision was less than 2.0% and the recovery was 100.4% (RSD = 3.23%). The developed method was successfully applied to quantitative analysis of ergosterol in six edible fungi and the contents of ergosterol were in the range of 1.68-4.02 mg g-1. Only 11.5 mL ethanol water solution was used in the sample extraction and LC separation in the newly developed method, and no toxic organic solvents were used. The total analysis time was less than 15.5 min, about 12-14 min for sample extraction and 1.5 min for LC analysis. This method was environmentally friendly and time-saving, which is helpful to improve the quality evaluation of edible fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Qian
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong 523850, China.
- School of Rehabilitation, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Zi Wu
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong 523850, China.
| | - Chunhong Li
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong 523850, China.
| | - Guoying Tan
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong 523850, China.
| | - Hankun Hu
- Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong 523850, China.
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19
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Wang H, Herderschee HR, Bennett R, Potapenko M, Pickens CJ, Mann BF, Haidar Ahmad IA, Regalado EL. Introducing online multicolumn two-dimensional liquid chromatography screening for facile selection of stationary and mobile phase conditions in both dimensions. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1622:460895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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20
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De Vos J, Baron GV, Wirth MJ, Terryn H, Kaal ER, Eeltink S. Evaluation of particle and bed integrity of aqueous size-exclusion columns packed with sub-2 µm particles operated at high pressure. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461064. [PMID: 32336499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The performance of columns packed with 1.7 µm particles for aqueous size-exclusion chromatography was assessed at high-pressure conditions and linked to particle- and column-bed integrity. Decreasing the particle size from 3.5 µm to 1.7 µm increases the resolution due to the improved mass-transfer characteristics, allowing to significantly speed-up analysis without compromising the selectivity. A sub-minute separation of intact proteins was realized on a 4.6 mm i.d × 75 mm long column packed with 1.7 µm SEC particles applying a flow rate of 1.8 mL/min, corresponding to a column pressure of 530 bar. Ultra-high pressure operation (exceeding manufacturer's recommendations) resulted in peak deformation, a shift towards earlier retention times, and an alteration in selectivity. To gain insights in the mechanisms of column deterioration, short 30 mm long columns were operated at UHPLC conditions, maximizing the pressure drop over individual particles. This resulted in the presence of fractured particles situated at the column outlet, as verified by scanning electron micrographs. Mercury-intrusion porosimetry and argon-adsorption measurements did not reveal significant differences in intraparticle volume between particle batches sampled before and after pressure stress testing. As particles at the column outlet fracture (but not collapse) at high pressure operation, a void was formed at the column inlet. The degradation of the separation performance appeared to be the result of a decrease in interparticle pore volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle De Vos
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Gino V Baron
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mary J Wirth
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry, Purdue, United States
| | - Herman Terryn
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Materials and Chemistry, Research group of Electrochemical and Surface Engineering, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erwin R Kaal
- DSM Biotechnology Center, part of DSM Food specialties b.v., Delft, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Bupp CR, Wirth MJ. Making Sharper Peaks for Reverse-Phase Liquid Chromatography of Proteins. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:363-380. [PMID: 32109149 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein separations have gained increasing interest over the past two decades owing to the dramatic growth of proteins as therapeutics and the completion of the Human Genome Project. About every decade, the field of protein high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) seems to mature, having reached what appears to be a theoretical limit. But then scientists well versed in the basic principles of HPLC invented a way around the limit, generating another decade of exciting progress. There is still the need for higher resolution and better compatibility with mass spectrometry because it is an essential tool for identification of proteins and their modifications. To make advances, the fundamental principles need to be understood. This review covers recent advances and current needs in the context of the principles that underlie the many contributions to peak broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Bupp
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
| | - Mary J Wirth
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
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22
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Duan J, Xie P. The potential for metabolomics in the study and treatment of major depressive disorder and related conditions. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:309-322. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1772059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Duan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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23
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Kresge GA, Grosse S, Zimmer A, Grinias KM, De Pra M, Wong JMT, Steiner F, Grinias JP. Strategies in developing high-throughput liquid chromatography protocols for method qualification of pharmacopeial monographs. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2964-2970. [PMID: 32388922 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Method qualification is a key step in the development of routine analytical monitoring of pharmaceutical products. However, when relying on published monographs that describe longer method times based on older high-performance liquid chromatography column and instrument technology, this can delay the overall analysis process for generated drug products. In this study, high-throughput ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography techniques were implemented to decrease the amount of time needed to complete a 24-run sequence to identify linearity, recovery, and repeatability for both drug assay and impurity analysis in 16 min. Multiple experimental parameters were tested to identify a range of experimental settings that could be used for the sequence while still maintaining this fast analysis time. The full sequence was replicated on a different system and with different columns, further demonstrating its robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Kresge
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | | | - Alexis Zimmer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Grinias
- Analytical Platforms & Platform Modernization , GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
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24
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Fu L, Zhang J, Si T. Recent advances in high-throughput mass spectrometry that accelerates enzyme engineering for biofuel research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42500-020-0011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEnzymes play indispensable roles in producing biofuels, a sustainable and renewable source of transportation fuels. Lacking rational design rules, the development of industrially relevant enzyme catalysts relies heavily on high-throughput screening. However, few universal methods exist to rapidly characterize large-scale enzyme libraries. Therefore, assay development is necessary on an ad hoc basis to link enzyme properties to spectrophotometric signals and often requires the use of surrogate, optically active substrates. On the other hand, mass spectrometry (MS) performs label-free enzyme assays that utilize native substrates and is therefore generally applicable. But the analytical speed of MS is considered rate limiting, mainly due to the use of time-consuming chromatographic separation in traditional MS analysis. Thanks to new instrumentation and sample preparation methods, direct analyte introduction into a mass spectrometer without a prior chromatographic step can be achieved by laser, microfluidics, and acoustics, so that each sample can be analyzed within seconds. Here we review recent advances in MS platforms that improve the throughput of enzyme library screening and discuss how these advances can potentially facilitate biofuel research by providing high sensitivity, selectivity and quantitation that are difficult to obtain using traditional assays. We also highlight the limitations of current MS assays in studying biofuel-related enzymes and propose possible solutions.
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25
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Sorensen MJ, Miller KE, Jorgenson JW, Kennedy RT. Ultrahigh-Performance capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry at 35 kpsi for separation of lipids. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1611:460575. [PMID: 31607445 PMCID: PMC6980658 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in sample preparation, separation, and mass spectrometry continue to expand the coverage in LC-MS based lipidomics. While longer columns packed with smaller particles in theory give higher separation performance compared to shorter columns, the implementation of this technology above commercial limits has been sparse due to difficulties in packing long columns and successfully operating instruments at ultrahigh pressures. In this work, a liquid chromatograph that operates up to 35 kpsi was investigated for the separation and identification of lipid species from human plasma. Capillary columns between 15-50 cm long were packed with 1.7 µm BEH C18 particles and evaluated for their ability to separate lipid isomers and complex lipid extracts from human plasma. Putative lipid class identifications were assigned using accurate mass and relative retention time data of the eluting peaks. Our findings indicate that longer columns packed and operated at 35 kpsi outperform shorter columns packed and run at lower pressures in terms of peak capacity and numbers of features identified. Packing columns with relatively high concentration slurries (200 mg/mL) while sonicating the column resulted in 6-34% increase in peak capacity for 50 cm columns compared to lower slurry concentrations and no sonication. For a given analysis time, 50 cm long columns operated at 35 kpsi provided a 20-95% increase in chromatographic peak capacity compared with 15 cm columns operated at 15 kpsi. Analysis times up to 4 h were evaluated, generating peak capacities up to 410 ± 5 (n = 3, measured at 4σ) and identifying 480 ± 85 lipids (n = 2). Importantly, the results also show a correlation between the peak capacity and the number of lipids identified from a human plasma extract. This correlation indicates that ionization suppression is a limiting factor in obtaining sufficient signal for identification by mass spectrometry. The result also shows that the higher resolution obtained by shallow gradients overcomes possible signal reduction due to broader, more dilute peaks in long gradients for improving detection of lipids in LC-MS. Lastly, longer columns operated at shallow gradients allowed for the best separation of both regional and geometrical isomers. These results demonstrate a system that enables the advantages of using longer columns packed and run at ultrahigh pressure for improving lipid separations and lipidome coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kelsey E Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James W Jorgenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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26
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Broeckhoven K, Desmet G. Advances and Challenges in Extremely High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography in Current and Future Analytical Scale Column Formats. Anal Chem 2019; 92:554-560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Broeckhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS), Faculty of Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS), Faculty of Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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27
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Miggiels P, Wouters B, van Westen GJ, Dubbelman AC, Hankemeier T. Novel technologies for metabolomics: More for less. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Kaplitz AS, Kresge GA, Selover B, Horvat L, Franklin EG, Godinho JM, Grinias KM, Foster SW, Davis JJ, Grinias JP. High-Throughput and Ultrafast Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2019; 92:67-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Kaplitz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Glenn A. Kresge
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Benjamin Selover
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Leah Horvat
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | | | - Justin M. Godinho
- Advanced Materials Technology, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware 19810, United States
| | - Kaitlin M. Grinias
- Analytical Platforms & Platform Modernization, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Samuel W. Foster
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Joshua J. Davis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - James P. Grinias
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
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29
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Wouters S, Dores-Sousa JL, Liu Y, Pohl CA, Eeltink S. Ultra-High-Pressure Ion Chromatography with Suppressed Conductivity Detection at 70 MPa Using Columns Packed with 2.5 μm Anion-Exchange Particles. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13824-13830. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Wouters
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - José Luís Dores-Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yan Liu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sunnyvale, United States
| | | | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Zelenyánszki D, Lambert N, Gritti F, Felinger A. The effect of column packing procedure on column end efficiency and on bed heterogeneity – Experiments with flow-reversal. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1603:412-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Ali F, Malik AR, Cheong WJ, Rehman NUR. Demonstration of high separation efficiency for polystyrene-modified sub-1 µm particles originating from silica monolith under isocratic elution mode in liquid chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1665539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of the Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Aamra Rafique Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of the Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Won Jo Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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32
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Hettiarachchi K, Hayes M, Desai AJ, Wang J, Ren Z, Greshock TJ. Subminute micro-isolation of pharmaceuticals with ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 176:112794. [PMID: 31437749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The drive for faster separations while maintaining quality and yield remains an important consideration for enhanced productivity as well as cost reduction for drug discovery laboratories in the pharmaceutical industry. High-throughput experimentation (HTE) and high-throughput screening (HTS) techniques can benefit from rapid and efficient isolation of product at high purity and recovery from microgram-scale crude reaction mixtures. In this study we describe the isolation of small molecule and biomolecule crude mixtures at the microgram-scale (100-2500 μg) in single or library format with methods as fast as 1.0 min and system pressures averaging 10,000 psi with an ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) setup. UHPLC technology provides several advantages for rapid (<1.0 min) separations with small-particle (1.8-3.5 μm) size 4.6 × 50 mm C18 columns such as minimal extra column and delay volume, fast detector response time, and higher linear velocities for improved speed and resolution. We typically see a 5-10 fold improvement in purification time and overall sample processing time with low fraction volumes and same-day drying when compared with traditional semi-preparative techniques. There is a significant 50-fold reduction in solvent usage per run, resulting in a much lower cost of solvent and waste handling. Fluidic pathways have been optimized for collection into tared high-density 96 or 384 well 2D barcoded storage tubes in a microtiter plate (MTP) layout. Coupling the system to robotics has enabled us to implement a fully integrated automation platform with additional capabilities for small-scale purification at high speed and reduced cost of materials. The resulting arrays of small-quantity, high-purity compounds enable synthetic route scouting for HTE and HTS for biological target validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanaka Hettiarachchi
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213. E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Michael Hayes
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213. E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Aditya J Desai
- Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., 213. E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213. E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zhao Ren
- Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., 213. E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Thomas J Greshock
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213. E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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33
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Ali A, Sun G, Kim JS, Cheong WJ. Polystyrene bound silica monolith particles of reduced size as stationary phase of excellent separation efficiency in high performance liquid chromatograhy. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1594:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Breast Cancer Metabolomics: From Analytical Platforms to Multivariate Data Analysis. A Review. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9050102. [PMID: 31121909 PMCID: PMC6572290 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9050102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health issue worldwide for many years and has been increasing significantly. Among the different types of cancer, breast cancer (BC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women being a disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Nowadays, the available diagnostic tools have aided in the early detection of BC leading to the improvement of survival rates. However, better detection tools for diagnosis and disease monitoring are still required. In this sense, metabolomic NMR, LC-MS and GC-MS-based approaches have gained attention in this field constituting powerful tools for the identification of potential biomarkers in a variety of clinical fields. In this review we will present the current analytical platforms and their applications to identify metabolites with potential for BC biomarkers based on the main advantages and advances in metabolomics research. Additionally, chemometric methods used in metabolomics will be highlighted.
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35
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Saurina J, Sentellas S. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for metabolite profiling in the field of drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:469-483. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1582638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Saurina
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Sentellas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Salmean C, Dimartino S. 3D-Printed Stationary Phases with Ordered Morphology: State of the Art and Future Development in Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Jo J, Tu Q, Xiang R, Li G, Zou L, Maloney KM, Ren H, Newman JA, Gong X, Bu X. Metal Speciation in Pharmaceutical Process Development: Case Studies and Process/Analytical Challenges for a Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Dams M, Dores-Sousa JL, Lamers RJ, Treumann A, Eeltink S. High-Resolution Nano-Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometric Detection for the Bottom-Up Analysis of Complex Proteomic Samples. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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SUMIDA Y, KIMURA M, YORIE T, SOESHIMA N, KAWABATA K, INAGAKI M, NISHI H. Simultaneous Separation of Active Ingredients Contained in Ginger (Shokyo), Processed Ginger (Kankyo) and Magnolia Bark (Koboku) by Reversed-Phase HPLC with Core-Shell Type Columns: Application to Kampo Products and Food Analysis. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2018.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miho KIMURA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University
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40
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Dores-Sousa JL, De Vos J, Eeltink S. Resolving power in liquid chromatography: A trade-off between efficiency and analysis time. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:38-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luís Dores-Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Jelle De Vos
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
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41
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Measurement of the Band Broadening of UV Detectors used in Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography using an On-tubing Fluorescence Detector. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Using Superficially Porous Particles and Ultrahigh Pressure Liquid Chromatography in Pharmacopeial Monograph Modernization of Common Analgesics. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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43
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Goyon A, Fekete S, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Unraveling the mysteries of modern size exclusion chromatography - the way to achieve confident characterization of therapeutic proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:368-378. [PMID: 29936373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Modern size exclusion chromatography (SEC) can be defined by the use of relatively small columns (e.g., 150 × 4.6 mm) packed with sub-3 μm particles, allowing a 3- to 5-fold increase in method throughput compared to that of conventional SEC. The quick success of the first sub-2 μm SEC column introduced in 2010 led to the development of numerous ultra-high performance (UHP)-SEC columns for the analysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based products. Aggregates also known as high-molecular-weight species (HMWS) are indeed one of the most important critical quality attributes (CQAs) of mAbs, as HMWS may decrease the product efficacy or cause immunogenicity effects. Therefore, the confident characterization of mAbs requires strong knowledge of not only modern SEC performance (i.e., selectivity and efficiency) but also the inherent limitations caused by non-specific interactions more likely to occur with complex antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and some commercial mAb products. This review discusses the importance of liquid chromatographic (LC) instrumentation in order to exploit the full potential of modern SEC columns and current trends to hyphenate SEC to mass spectrometry (MS). Recent applications for antibody-based products (i.e., mAbs, ADCs, Fc-Fusion proteins and bispecific antibodies) are presented. Finally, tips and tricks are provided to further optimize SEC separations and maintaining their performance over time with better understanding of unexpected SEC results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Goyon
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alain Beck
- IRPF, Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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44
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Deridder S, Desmet G, Broeckhoven K. Numerical investigation of band spreading generated by flow-through needle and fixed loop sample injectors. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1552:29-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Broeckhoven K, Vanderlinden K, Guillarme D, Desmet G. On-tubing fluorescence measurements of the band broadening of contemporary injectors in ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1535:44-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Fekete S, Guillarme D. Influence of connection tubing in modern size exclusion chromatography and its impact on the characterization of mAbs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 149:22-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Methodologies to determine b-term coefficients revisited. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1532:124-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Pirok BWJ, Gargano AFG, Schoenmakers PJ. Optimizing separations in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:68-98. [PMID: 29027363 PMCID: PMC5814945 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography has become an attractive option for the analysis of complex nonvolatile samples found in various fields (e.g. environmental studies, food, life, and polymer sciences). Two-dimensional liquid chromatography complements the highly popular hyphenated systems that combine liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography is also applied to the analysis of samples that are not compatible with mass spectrometry (e.g. high-molecular-weight polymers), providing important information on the distribution of the sample components along chemical dimensions (molecular weight, charge, lipophilicity, stereochemistry, etc.). Also, in comparison with conventional one-dimensional liquid chromatography, two-dimensional liquid chromatography provides a greater separation power (peak capacity). Because of the additional selectivity and higher peak capacity, the combination of two-dimensional liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry allows for simpler mixtures of compounds to be introduced in the ion source at any given time, improving quantitative analysis by reducing matrix effects. In this review, we summarize the rationale and principles of two-dimensional liquid chromatography experiments, describe advantages and disadvantages of combining different selectivities and discuss strategies to improve the quality of two-dimensional liquid chromatography separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob W J Pirok
- University of Amsterdam, Analytical-Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea F G Gargano
- University of Amsterdam, Analytical-Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- University of Amsterdam, Analytical-Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Tassi M, De Vos J, Chatterjee S, Sobott F, Bones J, Eeltink S. Advances in native high-performance liquid chromatography and intact mass spectrometry for the characterization of biopharmaceutical products. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:125-144. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tassi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Jelle De Vos
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Sneha Chatterjee
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry; Antwerp University; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Frank Sobott
- Biomolecular & Analytical Mass Spectrometry; Antwerp University; Antwerp Belgium
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Jonathan Bones
- The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT); Dublin Ireland
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
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50
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Broeckhoven K, Desmet G. Considerations for the use of ultra-high pressures in liquid chromatography for 2.1 mm inner diameter columns. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1523:183-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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