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Zhang H, Luo J, Hou S, Xu Z, Evans J, He S. Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for sensitive measurement of nutrients and microalgae. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:3400-3408. [PMID: 35471436 DOI: 10.1364/ao.449467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) can achieve sensitive measurements at trace concentrations for liquid phase marine samples. The IBBCEAS system consists of a cavity-enhancement module (CEM) and a transmission hyperspectral module (THM). The CEM has cavity-enhancement factors up to 78 at 550 nm. Measurements were obtained over a wide wavelength range (420-640 nm) with a halogen lamp, and the optical cavity was formed by two concave highly reflective mirrors (R=0.99). The minimum detectable absorption coefficient αmin of 7.3×10-7cm-1 at 550 nm corresponds to a limit of detection for nutrients of 780 pM. The spectral resolution of the THM is 3 nm in the wavelength range of 400 to 750 nm. We performed the IBBCEAS measurements for biological and chemical substances, including nutrients, microalgae, and Cy5 dye. The concentrations of nutrients in a deionized water environment and artificial seawater environment were measured at nanomolar levels; the concentration of microalgae phaeocystis was detected with 3.46×104/mL, and fluorescence substances such as Cy5 dye could be measured at 0.03 mg/L. Experimental results show that the IBBCEAS system has the capability for sensitive measurements of biological and chemical substances and has strong potential forin situ ecological marine environmental monitoring function.
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Abstract
Optofluidics represents the interaction of light and fluids on a chip that integrates microfluidics and optics, which provides a promising optical platform for manipulating and analyzing fluid samples. Recent years have witnessed a substantial growth in optofluidic devices, including the integration of optical and fluidic control units, the incorporation of diverse photonic nanostructures, and new applications. All these advancements have enabled the implementation of optofluidics with improved performance. In this review, the recent advances of fabrication techniques and cutting-edge applications of optofluidic devices are presented, with a special focus on the developments of imaging and sensing. Specifically, the optofluidic based imaging techniques and applications are summarized, including the high-throughput cytometry, biochemical analysis, and optofluidic nanoparticle manipulation. The optofluidic sensing section is categorized according to the modulation approaches and the transduction mechanisms, represented by absorption, reflection/refraction, scattering, and plasmonics. Perspectives on future developments and promising avenues in the fields of optofluidics are also provided.
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Teggert A, Datta H, McIntosh S, Warden B, Bateson S, Abugchem F, Ali Z. Portable, low cost and sensitive cavity enhanced absorption (CEA) detection. Analyst 2021; 146:196-206. [PMID: 33140076 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Absorption is a widely used technique for a range of different applications. It has lower sensitivity than many other techniques such as fluorescence which has 100 to 1000 times higher sensitivity than absorption. Optical cavity approaches have been developed where the light passes back and forth, within the sample, between two high reflectivity mirrors to increase the pathlength and sensitivity. These approaches have not yet, however, been widely used for analytical applications and for point-of-care diagnostics. Here we show a portable cavity enhanced absorption (CEA) spectrometer and a low cost point-of-care (POC) reader with CEA detection with mechanical elements fabricated using 3D printing. The CEA spectrometer can be used in both single pass and multi-pass cavity enhanced mode to provide measurements in the visible region that are very sensitive and over a wide dynamic range. The CEA mode was shown for Rhodamine B dye to increase the pathlength 57.8 fold over single pass measurements and an LOD of 7.1 × 10-11 M. The cost of the CEA POC reader was reduced by use of narrow band LEDs, photodiodes and removal of fibre optic coupling and with a 14 fold increase in the pathlength over conventional single pass microplate readers. The CEA POC reader was demonstrated for immunoassay of C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), towards a three biomarker panel to aid the diagnosis of sepsis. The CEA POC reader can be integrated with wireless connectivity for cloud based data sharing. We show here the potential for the wider use of optical cavity approaches where there is a need for sensitive absorption measurements and also for low cost point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Teggert
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK
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Biomarkers for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Sepsis. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11030286. [PMID: 32164268 PMCID: PMC7143187 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. In 2017, almost 50 million cases of sepsis were recorded worldwide and 11 million sepsis-related deaths were reported. Therefore, sepsis is the focus of intense research to better understand the complexities of sepsis response, particularly the twin underlying concepts of an initial hyper-immune response and a counter-immunological state of immunosuppression triggered by an invading pathogen. Diagnosis of sepsis remains a significant challenge. Prompt diagnosis is essential so that treatment can be instigated as early as possible to ensure the best outcome, as delay in treatment is associated with higher mortality. In order to address this diagnostic problem, use of a panel of biomarkers has been proposed as, due to the complexity of the sepsis response, no single marker is sufficient. This review provides background on the current understanding of sepsis in terms of its epidemiology, the evolution of the definition of sepsis, pathobiology and diagnosis and management. Candidate biomarkers of interest and how current and developing point-of-care testing approaches could be used to measure such biomarkers is discussed.
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Mei H, Pan J, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Tong L. Coiled Optical Nanofiber for Optofluidic Absorbance Detection. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2267-2271. [PMID: 31385506 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A challenge for optofluidic absorbance detection is the high concentration limit of detection due to the short optical path length. Herein, we introduce a concept of utilizing the coiled optical nanofiber for highly sensitive and robust optofluidic absorbance detection. Investigated by measuring the absorbance of FeCl3 solutions, the sensor shows a detection limit down to 10 μM with excellent reversibility in a concentration range of 0-5 mM. The sensitivity is 10-fold higher than that of standard absorbance measurement by using a 1 cm cuvette. Also, highly sensitive chloramphenicol sensing was demonstrated by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, achieving a detection limit below 0.5 ng/L. The higher sensitivity and lower detection limit are caused by the large fractional power of evanescent field outside the nanofiber and the long detection length, which can effectively improve the absorption of the evanescent field, while the excellent reversibility is caused by the support of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pillar rather than by suspending the nanofiber in the microchannel. We envision that the present work may open up new opportunities for ultrasensitive chemical and biological sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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O'Sullivan S, Ali Z, Jiang X, Abdolvand R, Ünlü MS, Silva HPD, Baca JT, Kim B, Scott S, Sajid MI, Moradian S, Mansoorzare H, Holzinger A. Developments in Transduction, Connectivity and AI/Machine Learning for Point-of-Care Testing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1917. [PMID: 31018573 PMCID: PMC6515310 DOI: 10.3390/s19081917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We review some emerging trends in transduction, connectivity and data analytics for Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) of infectious and non-communicable diseases. The patient need for POCT is described along with developments in portable diagnostics, specifically in respect of Lab-on-chip and microfluidic systems. We describe some novel electrochemical and photonic systems and the use of mobile phones in terms of hardware components and device connectivity for POCT. Developments in data analytics that are applicable for POCT are described with an overview of data structures and recent AI/Machine learning trends. The most important methodologies of machine learning, including deep learning methods, are summarised. The potential value of trends within POCT systems for clinical diagnostics within Lower Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane O'Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil.
| | - Zulfiqur Ali
- Healthcare Innovation Centre, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK.
| | - Xiaoyi Jiang
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Reza Abdolvand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - M Selim Ünlü
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | - Justin T Baca
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Brian Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Simon Scott
- Healthcare Innovation Centre, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK.
| | - Mohammed Imran Sajid
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Wirral CH49 5PE, UK.
| | - Sina Moradian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Hakhamanesh Mansoorzare
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Institute for interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8074, Austria.
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
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Lu XW, Ren Y, Liu QY, Zhang T, Jiang LX, Wei GP, He SG. Electron Attachment Reaction Ionization of Gas-Phase Methylglyoxal. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13467-13474. [PMID: 30347147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGLY) plays a significant role in atmospheric chemistry by serving as a key contributor to the formation of active free radicals, ozone, and secondary organic aerosol. Detection of MGLY by traditional chemical ionization such as proton-transfer reaction has several shortcomings such as parent molecule fragmentation. In this study, an electron attachment reaction (EAR) ionization method has been developed for the effective detection of MGLY. Almost no fragmentation was observed during the EAR. The generation of MGLY- anion in the EAR was further confirmed by cryogenic photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. The concentration of MGLY can be calibrated by using dibromomethane (CH2Br2) as reference gas. The detection sensitivity of MGLY was estimated to be (100 ± 2) mV/ppbv (parts per billion by volume). The O2, H2O, CO2, and trace gases in ambient air have no obvious effects on the detection of MGLY- anion by the EAR ionization method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Li-Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Gong-Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
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Bajuszova Z, Naif H, Ali Z, McGinnis J, Islam M. Cavity enhanced liquid-phase stopped-flow kinetics. Analyst 2018; 143:493-502. [PMID: 29271423 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first application of liquid-phase broadband cavity enhanced spectroscopy (BBCEAS) to the measurement of stopped-flow kinetics is reported. The stopped-flow technique is widely used for the study of the kinetics of fast liquid-phase reactions down to millisecond timescales. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy is commonly used as the detection method. Increased sensitivity can potentially allow reactions which are too fast to be measured, to be studied by slowing down the reaction rate through the use of lower concentration of reactants. A simple low cost BBCEAS experimental setup was coupled to a commercial stopped-flow instrument. Comparative standard absorption measurements were also made using a UV-visible double-beam spectrometer as the detector. Measurements were made on the reaction of potassium ferricyanide with sodium ascorbate under pseudo-first order conditions at pH 8 and pH 9.2 A cavity enhancement factor (CEF) of 78 at 434 nm was obtained whilst the minimum detectable change in the absorption coefficient αmin(t), was 1.35 × 10-5 cm-1 Hz-1/2. The kinetic data at pH 9.2 was too fast to be measured using conventional spectroscopy, whilst the BBCEAS measurements allowed 30 fold lower concentration of reactants to be used which slowed down the reaction rate enough to allow the rate constant to be determined. The BBCEAS results showed a 58 fold improvement in sensitivity over the conventional measurements and also compared favourably with the relatively few previous liquid-phase cavity enhanced kinetic studies which have been performed using significantly more complex and expensive experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Bajuszova
- School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK.
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Highly photosensitive colorimetric immunoassay for tumor marker detection based on Cu 2+ doped Ag-AgI nanocomposite. Talanta 2017; 167:111-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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