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Fan Y, Dai R, Guan X, Lu S, Yang C, Lv X, Li X. Rapid automatic nucleic acid purification system based on gas-liquid immiscible phase. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200801. [PMID: 36661136 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The continuous expansion of nucleic acid detection applications has resulted in constant developments in rapid, low-consumption, and highly automated nucleic acid extraction methods. Nucleic acid extraction using magnetic beads across an immiscible phase interface offers significant simplification and parallelization potential. The gas-liquid immiscible phase valve eliminates the requirement for complicated cassettes and is suitable for automation applications. By analyzing the process of magnetic beads crossing the gas-liquid interface, we utilized a low magnetic field strength to drive large magnetic bead packages to cross the gas-liquid interface, providing a solution of high magnetic bead recovery rate for solid-phase extraction with a low-surfactant system based on gas-liquid immiscible phase valve. The recovery rate of magnetic beads was further improved to 90%-95% and the carryover of the reagents was below 1%. Consequently, a chip and an automatic system were developed to verify the applicability of this method for nucleic acid extraction. The Hepatitis B virus serum standard was used for the extraction test. The extraction of four samples was performed within 7 minutes, with nucleic acid recovery maintained above 80% and good purity. Thus, through analysis and experiments, a fast, highly automated, and low-consumption nucleic acid recovery method was proposed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Fan
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rongji Dai
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xuejun Guan
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Lu
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Lv
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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2
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Rodriguez-Mateos P, Ngamsom B, Iles A, Pamme N. Microscale immiscible phase magnetic processing for bioanalytical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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3
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Rodems TS, Heninger E, Stahlfeld CN, Gilsdorf CS, Carlson KN, Kircher MR, Singh A, Krueger TEG, Beebe DJ, Jarrard DF, McNeel DG, Haffner MC, Lang JM. Reversible epigenetic alterations regulate class I HLA loss in prostate cancer. Commun Biol 2022; 5:897. [PMID: 36050516 PMCID: PMC9437063 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of HLA class I (HLA-I) impairs immune recognition and surveillance in prostate cancer and may underlie the ineffectiveness of checkpoint blockade. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating HLA-I loss in prostate cancer have not been fully explored. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of HLA-I genomic, epigenomic and gene expression alterations in primary and metastatic human prostate cancer. Loss of HLA-I gene expression was associated with repressive chromatin states including DNA methylation, histone H3 tri-methylation at lysine 27, and reduced chromatin accessibility. Pharmacological DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition decreased DNA methylation and increased H3 lysine 27 acetylation and resulted in re-expression of HLA-I on the surface of tumor cells. Re-expression of HLA-I on LNCaP cells by DNMT and HDAC inhibition increased activation of co-cultured prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)27-38-specific CD8+ T-cells. HLA-I expression is epigenetically regulated by functionally reversible DNA methylation and chromatin modifications in human prostate cancer. Methylated HLA-I was detected in HLA-Ilow circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which may serve as a minimally invasive biomarker for identifying patients who would benefit from epigenetic targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara S Rodems
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Erika Heninger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Charlotte N Stahlfeld
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Cole S Gilsdorf
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Kristin N Carlson
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Madison R Kircher
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Anupama Singh
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Timothy E G Krueger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - David F Jarrard
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, N., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Joshua M Lang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Vitek RA, Huang W, Geiger PG, Heninger E, Lang JM, Jarrard DF, Beebe DJ, Johnson BP. Fresh tissue procurement and preparation for multicompartment and multimodal analysis of the prostate tumor microenvironment. Prostate 2022; 82:836-849. [PMID: 35226381 PMCID: PMC9010374 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatic cancers include a diverse microenvironment of tumor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune components. This tumor microenvironment (TME) is a known driving force of tumor survival after treatment, but the standard-of-care tissue freezing or fixation in pathology practice limit the use of available approaches/tools to study the TME's functionality in tumor resistance. Thus, there is a need for approaches that satisfy both clinical and laboratory endpoints for TME study. Here we present methods for clinical case identification, tissue processing, and analytical workflow that are compatible with standard histopathology while enabling molecular and functional interrogation of prostate TME components. METHODS We first performed a small retrospective review to identify cases where submission of alternate prostate tissue slices and a parallel live tissue processing protocol complement traditional histopathology and enable viable multicompartment analysis of the TME. Then, we tested its compatibility with commonly employed methods to study the microenvironment including quantification of components both in situ and after tissue dissociation. We also evaluated tissue digestion conditions and cell isolation techniques to aid various molecular and functional endpoints. RESULTS We identified Gleason Grade Group 3+ clinical cases where tumor volume was sufficient to allow slicing of unfixed tissue and distribution of alternating tissue slices to standard-of-care histopathology and viable multi-modal TME analyses. No single method was found that preserved cellular sub-types for all downstream readouts; instead, tissues were further divided so techniques could be catered to each endpoint. For instance, we show that incorporating the protease dispase into tissue dissociation improves viability for culture and functional analyses but hinders immune cell analysis by flow cytometry. We also found that flow activated cell sorting provides highly pure cell populations for quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and RNA-seq while isolation using antibody-labeled paramagnetic particles facilitated functional coculture experiments. CONCLUSIONS The identification of candidate cases and use of these techniques enable translational research and the development of molecular and functional assays to facilitate prostate TME study without compromising standard-of-care histopathological diagnosis. This allows bridging clinical histopathology and further interrogation of the prostate TME and promises to advance our understanding of tumor biology and unveil new predictive and prognostic markers of prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A. Vitek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Peter G. Geiger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Erika Heninger
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Joshua M. Lang
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | - David J. Beebe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Brian P. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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5
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Schehr JL, Sethakorn N, Schultz ZD, Hernandez CI, Bade RM, Eyzaguirre D, Singh A, Niles DJ, Henderson L, Warrick JW, Berry SM, Sundling KE, Beebe DJ, Leal TA, Lang JM. Analytical validation and initial clinical testing of quantitative microscopic evaluation for PD-L1 and HLA I expression on circulating tumor cells from patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Biomark Res 2022; 10:26. [PMID: 35468853 PMCID: PMC9040226 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) predicts response to immune checkpoint blockade, however is an imperfect biomarker given tumor heterogeneity, and the antigen presentation pathway requiring other components including HLA I expression. HLA I downregulation may contribute to resistance, warranting its evaluation in attempts to guide patient selection. In addition, earlier detection of acquired resistance could prompt earlier change in treatment and prolong patient survival. Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) captures heterogeneity across multiple sites of metastases, enables detection of changes in tumor burden that precede radiographic response, and can be obtained in serial fashion. METHODS To quantify the expression of both PD-L1 and HLA I on CTCs, we developed exclusion-based sample preparation technology, achieving high-yield with gentle magnetic movement of antibody-labeled cells through virtual barriers of surface tension. To achieve clinical-grade quantification of rare cells, we employ high quality fluorescence microscopy image acquisition and automated image analysis together termed quantitative microscopy. RESULTS In preparation for clinical laboratory implementation, we demonstrate high precision and accuracy of these methodologies using a diverse set of control materials. Preliminary testing of CTCs isolated from patients with NSCLC demonstrate heterogeneity in PD-L1 and HLA I expression and promising clinical value in predicting PFS in response to PD-L1 targeted therapies. CONCLUSIONS By confirming high performance, we ensure compatibility for clinical laboratory implementation and future application to better predict and detect resistance to PD-L1 targeted therapy in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nan Sethakorn
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Rory M Bade
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Diego Eyzaguirre
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anupama Singh
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Niles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | | | - Jay W Warrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Scott M Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Kaitlin E Sundling
- Wisconsin State Lab of Hygiene, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ticiana A Leal
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua M Lang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 7151, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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6
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Rodems TS, Juang DS, Stahlfeld CN, Gilsdorf CS, Krueger TEG, Heninger E, Zhao SG, Sperger JM, Beebe DJ, Haffner MC, Lang JM. SEEMLIS: a flexible semi-automated method for enrichment of methylated DNA from low-input samples. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:37. [PMID: 35272673 PMCID: PMC8908705 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation alterations have emerged as hallmarks of cancer and have been proposed as screening, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers. Traditional approaches for methylation analysis have relied on bisulfite conversion of DNA, which can damage DNA and is not suitable for targeted gene analysis in low-input samples. Here, we have adapted methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2)-based DNA enrichment for use on a semi-automated exclusion-based sample preparation (ESP) platform for robust and scalable enrichment of methylated DNA from low-input samples, called SEEMLIS. Results We show that combining methylation-sensitive enzyme digestion with ESP-based MBD2 enrichment allows for single gene analysis with high sensitivity for GSTP1 in highly impure, heterogenous samples. We also show that ESP-based MBD2 enrichment coupled with targeted pre-amplification allows for analysis of multiple genes with sensitivities approaching the single cell level in pure samples for GSTP1 and RASSF1 and sensitivity down to 14 cells for these genes in highly impure samples. Finally, we demonstrate the potential clinical utility of SEEMLIS by successful detection of methylated gene signatures in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients with prostate cancer with varying CTC number and sample purity. Conclusions SEEMLIS is a robust assay for targeted DNA methylation analysis in low-input samples, with flexibility at multiple steps. We demonstrate the feasibility of this assay to analyze DNA methylation in prostate cancer cells using CTCs from patients with prostate cancer as a real-world example of a low-input analyte of clinical importance. In summary, this novel assay provides a platform for determining methylation signatures in rare cell populations with broad implications for research as well as clinical applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01252-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara S Rodems
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Duane S Juang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Charlotte N Stahlfeld
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Cole S Gilsdorf
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Tim E G Krueger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Erika Heninger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jamie M Sperger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave, N., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Joshua M Lang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA. .,7151 WI Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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7
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Li Z, Zu X, Du Z, Hu Z. Research on magnetic bead motion characteristics based on magnetic beads preset technology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19995. [PMID: 34620919 PMCID: PMC8497522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the detection efficiency and accuracy of microfluidic chip, a magnetic beads preset technology were designed by using double permanent magnets as external magnetic field and the motion characteristics of preset magnetic beads were studied. The control principle of magnetic beads preset technology was introduced in detail, and the control structure was designed. The coupled field characteristics for magnetic beads in microchannels were analyzed, and the motion models of magnetic beads were established based on the magnetic beads preset technology, including capture motion and mixing motion. The relationship between the magnetic field force and the flow velocity for capturing magnetic bead, and the mixing time under the influence of flow field and magnetic field were derived. The magnetic beads preset technology effect was verified by experiments and numerical simulations were developed to analyze the influence of aspect ratio of permanent magnet on magnetic field. The study showed that the accuracy and efficiency of the magnetic bead control in the microchannel could be better realized by the magnetic beads preset technology. The derivation of the magnetic bead motion model can understand the motion characteristics of the magnetic bead more clearly, facilitate accurate control of the magnetic bead, and improve the success rate of the microfluidic detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Department of Packaging Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.
| | - Xiangyang Zu
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhe Du
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
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8
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Oreskovic A, Panpradist N, Marangu D, Ngwane MW, Magcaba ZP, Ngcobo S, Ngcobo Z, Horne DJ, Wilson DPK, Shapiro AE, Drain PK, Lutz BR. Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Using Sequence-Specific Purification of Urine Cell-Free DNA. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:e0007421. [PMID: 33789959 PMCID: PMC8373247 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00074-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transrenal urine cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising tuberculosis (TB) biomarker, but is challenging to detect because of the short length (<100 bp) and low concentration of TB-specific fragments. We aimed to improve the diagnostic sensitivity of TB urine cfDNA by increasing recovery of short fragments during sample preparation. We developed a highly sensitive sequence-specific purification method that uses hybridization probes immobilized on magnetic beads to capture short TB cfDNA (50 bp) with 91.8% average efficiency. Combined with short-target PCR, the assay limit of detection was ≤5 copies of cfDNA in 10 ml urine. In a clinical cohort study in South Africa, our urine cfDNA assay had 83.7% sensitivity (95% CI: 71.0 to 91.5%) and 100% specificity (95% CI: 86.2 to 100%) for diagnosis of active pulmonary TB when using sputum Xpert MTB/RIF as the reference standard. The detected cfDNA concentration was 0.14 to 2,804 copies/ml (median 14.6 copies/ml) and was inversely correlated with CD4 count and days to culture positivity. Sensitivity was nonsignificantly higher in HIV-positive (88.2%) compared to HIV-negative patients (73.3%), and was not dependent on CD4 count. Sensitivity remained high in sputum smear-negative (76.0%) and urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM)-negative (76.5%) patients. With improved sample preparation, urine cfDNA is a viable biomarker for TB diagnosis. Our assay has the highest reported accuracy of any TB urine cfDNA test to date and has the potential to enable rapid non-sputum-based TB diagnosis across key underserved patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Oreskovic
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nuttada Panpradist
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Diana Marangu
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M. William Ngwane
- Umkhuseli Innovation and Research Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Zanele P. Magcaba
- Umkhuseli Innovation and Research Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Sindiswa Ngcobo
- Umkhuseli Innovation and Research Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Zinhle Ngcobo
- Umkhuseli Innovation and Research Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - David J. Horne
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Douglas P. K. Wilson
- Umkhuseli Innovation and Research Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Edendale Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Adrienne E. Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul K. Drain
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Barry R. Lutz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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9
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Shi Y, Ping J, Wu J, Chen H. Magnetic particles for integrated nucleic acid purification, amplification and detection without pipetting. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 127:115912. [PMID: 32382202 PMCID: PMC7202819 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification based detection plays an important role in food safety, environmental monitoring and clinical diagnosis. However, traditional nucleic acid detection process involves transferring liquid from one tube to another by pipetting. It requires trained persons, equipped labs and consumes lots of time. The ideal nucleic acid detection is integrated, closed, simplified and automated. Magnetic particles actuated by magnetic fields can efficiently adsorb nucleic acids and promote integrated nucleic acid assays without pipetting driven by pumps and centrifuges. We will comprehensively review magnetic particles assisted integrated system for nucleic acid detection and hope it can inspire further related study.
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Key Words
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- FMR, ferromagnetic resonance
- GTC, guanidinium thiocyanate
- ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy
- IFAST, immiscible filtration assisted by surface tension
- Immiscible interface
- Integrated detection
- LAMP, loop-mediated isothermal amplification
- Magnetic particles
- Nucleic acid
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- POCT, point-of-care testing
- RPA, recombinase polymerase amplification
- SQUID, superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- XRD, X-Ray diffraction
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiol Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Ya Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microbiol Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of on Site Processing Equipment for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbiol Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, China
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10
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Doonan SR, Lin M, Bailey RC. Droplet CAR-Wash: continuous picoliter-scale immunocapture and washing. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1589-1598. [PMID: 30963149 PMCID: PMC6478530 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To address current limitations in adapting solid phase sample capture and washing techniques to continuously flowing droplet microfluidics, we have developed the "Coalesce-Attract-Resegment Wash" (CAR-Wash) approach. This module provides efficient, high-throughput magnetic washing by electrocoalescing magnetic bead-laden input droplets with a washing buffer flow and magnetophoretically transporting beads through the buffer into a secondary droplet formation streamline. In this work, we first characterized the technology in terms of throughput, sample retention, and flow-based exclusion of waste volume, demonstrating >500 Hz droplet processing with >98% bead retention and >100-fold dilution in final droplets. Next, we showed that the technique can be adapted to alternative commercially available magnetic beads with lower magnetite content per particle. Then, we demonstrated the CAR-Wash module's effectiveness in washing away a small molecule competitive inhibitor to restore the activity of magnetic bead-immobilized β-galactosidase. Finally, we applied the system to immunomagnetically enrich a green fluorescent protein-histone H2B fusion protein from cell lysate while washing away mCherry and other lysate components. We believe this approach will bridge the gap between powerful biochemical and bioanalytical techniques and current droplet microfluidic capabilities, and we envision future application in droplet-based immunoassays, solid phase extraction, and other complex, multi-step operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Doonan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Pezzi HM, Guckenberger DJ, Schehr JL, Rothbauer J, Stahlfeld C, Singh A, Horn S, Schultz ZD, Bade RM, Sperger JM, Berry SM, Lang JM, Beebe DJ. Versatile exclusion-based sample preparation platform for integrated rare cell isolation and analyte extraction. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3446-3458. [PMID: 30334061 PMCID: PMC6402328 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00620b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rare cell populations provide a patient-centric tool to monitor disease treatment, response, and resistance. However, understanding rare cells is a complex problem, which requires cell isolation/purification and downstream molecular interrogation - processes challenged by non-target populations, which vary patient-to-patient and change with disease. As such, cell isolation platforms must be amenable to a range of sample types while maintaining high efficiency and purity. The multiplexed technology for automated extraction (mTAE) is a versatile magnetic bead-based isolation platform that facilitates positive, negative, and combinatorial selection with integrated protein staining and nucleic acid isolation. mTAE is validated by isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) - a model rare cell population - from breast and prostate cancer patient samples. Negative selection yielded high efficiency capture of CTCs while positive selection yielded higher purity with an average of only 95 contaminant cells captured per milliliter of processed whole blood. With combinatorial selection, an overall increase in capture efficiency was observed, highlighting the potential significance of integrating multiple capture approaches on a single platform. Following capture (and staining), on platform nucleic acid extraction enabled the detection of androgen receptor-related transcripts from CTCs isolated from prostate cancer patients. The flexibility (e.g. negative, positive, combinatorial selection) and capabilities (e.g. isolation, protein staining, and nucleic acid extraction) of mTAE enable users to freely interrogate specific cell populations, a capability required to understand the potential of emerging rare cell populations and readily adapt to the heterogeneity presented across clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Pezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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12
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Serra M, Ferraro D, Pereiro I, Viovy JL, Descroix S. The power of solid supports in multiphase and droplet-based microfluidics: towards clinical applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3979-3999. [PMID: 28948991 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiphase and droplet microfluidic systems are growing in relevance in bioanalytical-related fields, especially due to the increased sensitivity, faster reaction times and lower sample/reagent consumption of many of its derived bioassays. Often applied to homogeneous (liquid/liquid) reactions, innovative strategies for the implementation of heterogeneous (typically solid/liquid) processes have recently been proposed. These involve, for example, the extraction and purification of target analytes from complex matrices or the implementation of multi-step protocols requiring efficient washing steps. To achieve this, solid supports such as functionalized particles (micro or nanometric) presenting different physical properties (e.g. magnetic, optical or others) are used for the binding of specific entities. The manipulation of such supports with different microfluidic principles has both led to the miniaturization of existing biomedical protocols and the development of completely new strategies for diagnostics and research. In this review, multiphase and droplet-based microfluidic systems using solid suspensions are presented and discussed with a particular focus on: i) working principles and technological developments of the manipulation strategies and ii) applications, critically discussing the level of maturity of these systems, which can range from initial proofs of concept to real clinical validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serra
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France.
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Clark KD, Varona M, Anderson JL. Ion‐Tagged Oligonucleotides Coupled with a Magnetic Liquid Support for the Sequence‐Specific Capture of DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Clark
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
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Clark KD, Varona M, Anderson JL. Ion-Tagged Oligonucleotides Coupled with a Magnetic Liquid Support for the Sequence-Specific Capture of DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7630-7633. [PMID: 28464345 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The isolation of specific nucleic acid sequences is a major bottleneck in molecular diagnostics. Magnetic beads/particles are typically used as solid supports for the capture of DNA targets to improve sample throughput but aggregate over time resulting in lower capture efficiency and obstruction of liquid handling devices. Herein, we describe a particle-free approach to sequence-specific DNA extraction using a magnetic liquid support and ion-tagged oligonucleotide (ITO) probes. ITO conjugates were synthesized with the highest yields ever achieved for the radical thiol-ene coupling of a substrate and oligonucleotide. In addition to distinguishing nucleotide mismatches, the ITO and magnetic liquid-based approach was more sensitive than a commercial magnetic bead-based method for the capture of target DNA from a pool of interfering genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Marcelino Varona
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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