1
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Karamanos TK, Matthews S. Biomolecular NMR in the AI-assisted structural biology era: Old tricks and new opportunities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:140949. [PMID: 37572958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 40 years nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has established itself as one of the most versatile techniques for the characterization of biomolecules, especially proteins. Given the molecular size limitations of NMR together with recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy and artificial intelligence-assisted protein structure prediction, the bright future of NMR in structural biology has been put into question. In this mini review we argue the contrary. We discuss the unique opportunities solution NMR offers to the protein chemist that distinguish it from all other experimental or computational methods, and how it can benefit from machine learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Matthews
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London.
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2
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MacCulloch K, Browning A, TomHon P, Lehmkuhl S, Chekmenev EY, Theis T. Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange Induces Long-Lived 15N Hyperpolarization of Anticancer Drugs Anastrozole and Letrozole. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7822-7829. [PMID: 37163687 PMCID: PMC10939174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization modalities overcome the sensitivity limitations of NMR and unlock new applications. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a particularly cheap, quick, and robust hyperpolarization modality. Here, we employ SABRE for simultaneous chemical exchange of parahydrogen and nitrile-containing anticancer drugs (letrozole or anastrozole) to enhance 15N polarization. Distinct substrates require unique optimal parameter sets, including temperature, magnetic field, or a shaped magnetic field profile. The fine tuning of these parameters for individual substrates is demonstrated here to maximize 15N polarization. After optimization, including the usage of pulsed μT fields, the 15N nuclei on common anticancer drugs, letrozole and anastrozole, can be polarized within 1-2 min. The hyperpolarization can exceed 10%, corresponding to 15N signal enhancement of over 280,000-fold at a clinically relevant magnetic field of 1 T. This sensitivity gain enables polarization studies at naturally abundant 15N enrichment level (0.4%). Moreover, the nitrile 15N sites enable long-lasting polarization storage with [15N]T1 over 9 min, enabling signal detection from a single hyperpolarization cycle for over 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keilian MacCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Austin Browning
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States
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3
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Razanahoera A, Sonnefeld A, Bodenhausen G, Sheberstov K. Paramagnetic relaxivity of delocalized long-lived states of protons in chains of CH 2 groups. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2023; 4:47-56. [PMID: 37904798 PMCID: PMC10583270 DOI: 10.5194/mr-4-47-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived states (LLSs) have lifetimes T LLS that can be much longer than longitudinal relaxation times T 1 . In molecules containing several geminal pairs of protons in neighboring CH2 groups, it has been shown that delocalized LLSs can be excited by converting magnetization into imbalances between the populations of singlet and triplet states of each pair. Since the empirical yield of the conversion and reconversion of observable magnetization into LLSs and back is on the order of 10 % if one uses spin-lock induced crossing (SLIC), it would be desirable to boost the sensitivity by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP). To enhance the magnetization of nuclear spins by d-DNP, the analytes must be mixed with radicals such as 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPOL). After dissolution, these radicals lead to an undesirable paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) which shortens not only the longitudinal relaxation times T 1 but also the lifetimes T LLS of LLSs. It is shown in this work that PRE by TEMPOL is less deleterious for LLSs than for longitudinal magnetization for four different molecules: 2,2-dimethyl-2-silapentane-5-sulfonate (DSS), homotaurine, taurine, and acetylcholine. The relaxivities r LLS (i.e., the slopes of the relaxation rate constants R LLS as a function of the radical concentration) are 3 to 5 times smaller than the relaxivities r 1 of longitudinal magnetization. Partial delocalization of the LLSs across neighboring CH2 groups may decrease this advantage, but in practice, this effect was observed to be small, for example, when comparing taurine containing two CH2 groups and homotaurine with three CH2 groups. Regardless of whether the LLSs are delocalized or not, it is shown that PRE should not be a major problem for experiments combining d-DNP and LLSs, provided the concentration of paramagnetic species after dissolution does not exceed 1 mM, a condition that is readily fulfilled in typical d-DNP experiments. In bullet d-DNP experiments however, it may be necessary to decrease the concentration of TEMPOL or to add ascorbate for chemical reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiky Razanahoera
- Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University,
75005 Paris, France
| | - Anna Sonnefeld
- Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University,
75005 Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Bodenhausen
- Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University,
75005 Paris, France
| | - Kirill Sheberstov
- Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University,
75005 Paris, France
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4
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Sonnefeld A, Razanahoera A, Pelupessy P, Bodenhausen G, Sheberstov K. Long-lived states of methylene protons in achiral molecules. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade2113. [PMID: 36459545 PMCID: PMC10936052 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the lifetimes of long-lived states (LLSs) are exquisitely sensitive to their environment. However, the number of molecules where such states can be excited has hitherto been rather limited. Here, it is shown that LLSs can be readily excited in many common molecules that contain two or more neighboring CH2 groups. Accessing such LLSs does not require any isotopic enrichment, nor does it require any stereogenic centers to lift the chemical equivalence of CH2 protons. LLSs were excited in a variety of metabolites, neurotransmitters, vitamins, amino acids, and other molecules. One can excite LLSs in several different molecules simultaneously. In combination with magnetic resonance imaging, LLSs can reveal a contrast upon noncovalent binding of ligands to macromolecules. This suggests new perspectives to achieve high-throughput parallel drug screening by NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sonnefeld
- Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Aiky Razanahoera
- Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Pelupessy
- Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
| | | | - Kirill Sheberstov
- Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
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5
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Mandal R, Pham P, Hilty C. Screening of Protein-Ligand Binding Using a SABRE Hyperpolarized Reporter. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11375-11381. [PMID: 35921650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization through signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) provides a facile means to enhance nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of small molecules containing an N-heterocycle or other binding site for a polarization transfer catalyst. A purpose-designed reporter ligand, which is capable of binding both to a target protein and to the catalyst, makes the sensitivity enhancement by this technique compatible with the measurement of a range of biomolecular interactions. The 1H polarization of the reporter ligand 4-amidinopyridine, which is targeting trypsin, is used to screen ligands that are not themselves hyperpolarizable by SABRE. The respective protein-ligand dissociation constants (KD) are determined by an observed change in the R2 relaxation rate of the reporter. A calculation of expected signal changes indicates that the accessible ligand KD values extend over several orders of magnitude, while the concentrations of target proteins and ligands can be reduced considering the sensitivity gains from hyperpolarization. In general, the design of a single, weakly binding ligand for a target protein enables the use of SABRE hyperpolarization for ligand screening or other biophysical studies involving macromolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnamala Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Pierce Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Christian Hilty
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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6
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Negroni M, Guarin D, Che K, Epasto LM, Turhan E, Selimović A, Kozak F, Cousin S, Abergel D, Bodenhausen G, Kurzbach D. Inversion of Hyperpolarized 13C NMR Signals through Cross-Correlated Cross-Relaxation in Dissolution DNP Experiments. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4599-4610. [PMID: 35675502 PMCID: PMC9234958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DDNP) is a versatile tool to boost signal amplitudes in solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. For DDNP, nuclei are spin-hyperpolarized "ex situ" in a dedicated DNP device and then transferred to an NMR spectrometer for detection. Dramatic signal enhancements can be achieved, enabling shorter acquisition times, real-time monitoring of fast reactions, and reduced sample concentrations. Here, we show how the sample transfer in DDNP experiments can affect NMR spectra through cross-correlated cross-relaxation (CCR), especially in the case of low-field passages. Such processes can selectively invert signals of 13C spins in proton-carrying moieties. For their investigations, we use schemes for simultaneous or "parallel" detection of hyperpolarized 1H and 13C nuclei. We find that 1H → 13C CCR can invert signals of 13C spins if the proton polarization is close to 100%. We deduce that low-field passage in a DDNP experiment, a common occurrence due to the introduction of so-called "ultra-shielded" magnets, accelerates these effects due to field-dependent paramagnetic relaxation enhancements that can influence CCR. The reported effects are demonstrated for various molecules, laboratory layouts, and DDNP systems. As coupled 13C-1H spin systems are ubiquitous, we expect similar effects to be observed in various DDNP experiments. This might be exploited for selective spectroscopic labeling of hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Negroni
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Guarin
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.,Polarize ApS, 1808 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kateryna Che
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludovica M Epasto
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ertan Turhan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Albina Selimović
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fanny Kozak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel Cousin
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire─UMR 7273, Saint-Jérôme Campus, Av. Esc. Normandie Niemen, Aix-Marseille Université/CNRS, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Daniel Abergel
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Bodenhausen
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Yang H, Li S, Mickles CA, Guzman-Luna V, Sugisaki K, Thompson CM, Dang HH, Cavagnero S. Selective Isotope Labeling and LC-Photo-CIDNP Enable NMR Spectroscopy at Low-Nanomolar Concentration. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11608-11619. [PMID: 35700317 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool to investigate molecular structure and dynamics. The poor sensitivity of this technique, however, limits its ability to tackle questions requiring dilute samples. Low-concentration photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (LC-photo-CIDNP) is an optically enhanced NMR technology capable of addressing the above challenge by increasing the detection limit of aromatic amino acids in solution up to 1000-fold, either in isolation or within proteins. Here, we show that the absence of NMR-active nuclei close to a magnetically active site of interest (e.g., the structurally diagnostic 1Hα-13Cα pair of amino acids) is expected to significantly increase LC-photo-CIDNP hyperpolarization. Then, we exploit the spin-diluted tryptophan isotopolog Trp-α-13C-β,β,2,4,5,6,7-d7 and take advantage of the above prediction to experimentally achieve a ca 4-fold enhancement in NMR sensitivity over regular LC-photo-CIDNP. This advance enables the rapid (within seconds) detection of 20 nM concentrations or the molecule of interest, corresponding to a remarkable 3 ng detection limit. Finally, the above Trp isotopolog is amenable to incorporation within proteins and is readily detectable at a 1 μM concentration in complex cell-like media, including Escherichia coli cell-free extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanming Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Clayton A Mickles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Valeria Guzman-Luna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kenji Sugisaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.,JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Clayton M Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Hung H Dang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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8
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Hilty C, Kurzbach D, Frydman L. Hyperpolarized water as universal sensitivity booster in biomolecular NMR. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:1621-1657. [PMID: 35546640 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is the only method to access the structural dynamics of biomolecules at high (atomistic) resolution in their native solution state. However, this method's low sensitivity has two important consequences: (i) typically experiments have to be performed at high concentrations that increase sensitivity but are not physiological, and (ii) signals have to be accumulated over long periods, complicating the determination of interaction kinetics on the order of seconds and impeding studies of unstable systems. Both limitations are of equal, fundamental relevance: non-native conditions are of limited pharmacological relevance, and the function of proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids often relies on their interaction kinetics. To overcome these limitations, we have developed applications that involve 'hyperpolarized water' to boost signal intensities in NMR of proteins and nucleic acids. The technique includes four stages: (i) preparation of the biomolecule in partially deuterated buffers, (ii) preparation of 'hyperpolarized' water featuring enhanced 1H NMR signals via cryogenic dynamic nuclear polarization, (iii) sudden melting of the cryogenic pellet and dissolution of the protein or nucleic acid in the hyperpolarized water (enabling spontaneous exchanges of protons between water and target) and (iv) recording signal-amplified NMR spectra targeting either labile 1H or neighboring 15N/13C nuclei in the biomolecule. Water in the ensuing experiments is used as a universal 'hyperpolarization' agent, rendering the approach versatile and applicable to any biomolecule possessing labile hydrogens. Thus, questions can be addressed, ranging from protein and RNA folding problems to resolving structure-function relationships of intrinsically disordered proteins to investigating membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hilty
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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9
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Hu J, Kim J, Hilty C. Detection of Protein-Ligand Interactions by 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Using Hyperpolarized Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3819-3823. [PMID: 35465675 PMCID: PMC9088881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of nuclear spin hyperpolarization from water to ligand 19F spins results in a transient signal change that is indicative of protein-ligand interaction. The 19F nucleus allows for background-free detection of these signals, which are modulated by polarization transfer via pathways similar to those in a hyperpolarized 1H water LOGSY experiment. Quantification of the apparent heteronuclear cross-relaxation rates is facilitated by a simultaneous dual-channel detection of 1H and 19F signals. Calculated cross-relaxation rates for the 1H-19F transfer step indicate that these rates are sensitive to binding to medium- and large-sized proteins. The heteronuclear observation of hyperpolarization transfer from water may be used to screen protein-ligand interactions in drug discovery and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandu Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Christian Hilty
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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10
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Mandal R, Pham P, Hilty C. Characterization of protein-ligand interactions by SABRE. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12950-12958. [PMID: 34745525 PMCID: PMC8515190 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear spin hyperpolarization through signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), the non-hydrogenative version of para-hydrogen induced polarization, is demonstrated to enhance sensitivity for the detection of biomacromolecular interactions. A target ligand for the enzyme trypsin includes the binding motif for the protein, and at a distant location a heterocyclic nitrogen atom for interacting with a SABRE polarization transfer catalyst. This molecule, 4-amidinopyridine, is hyperpolarized with 50% para-hydrogen to yield enhancement values ranging from −87 and −34 in the ortho and meta positions of the heterocyclic nitrogen, to −230 and −110, for different solution conditions. Ligand binding is identified by flow-NMR, in a two-step process that separately optimizes the polarization transfer in methanol while detecting the interaction in a predominantly aqueous medium. A single scan Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) experiment identifies binding by the change in R2 relaxation rate. The SABRE hyperpolarization technique provides a cost effective means to enhance NMR of biological systems, for the identification of protein–ligand interactions and other applications. Protein–ligand binding interactions are characterized by the para-H2 based hyperpolarization technique SABRE and flow-NMR. Binding to the protein is identified by R2 change of a ligand first interacting with the Ir polarization transfer catalyst.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnamala Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Pierce Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Christian Hilty
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
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11
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Kupče Ē, Mote KR, Webb A, Madhu PK, Claridge TDW. Multiplexing experiments in NMR and multi-nuclear MRI. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 124-125:1-56. [PMID: 34479710 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexing NMR experiments by direct detection of multiple free induction decays (FIDs) in a single experiment offers a dramatic increase in the spectral information content and often yields significant improvement in sensitivity per unit time. Experiments with multi-FID detection have been designed with both homonuclear and multinuclear acquisition, and the advent of multiple receivers on commercial spectrometers opens up new possibilities for recording spectra from different nuclear species in parallel. Here we provide an extensive overview of such techniques, designed for applications in liquid- and solid-state NMR as well as in hyperpolarized samples. A brief overview of multinuclear MRI is also provided, to stimulate cross fertilization of ideas between the two areas of research (NMR and MRI). It is shown how such techniques enable the design of experiments that allow structure elucidation of small molecules from a single measurement. Likewise, in biomolecular NMR experiments multi-FID detection allows complete resonance assignment in proteins. Probes with multiple RF microcoils routed to multiple NMR receivers provide an alternative way of increasing the throughput of modern NMR systems, effectively reducing the cost of NMR analysis and increasing the information content at the same time. Solid-state NMR experiments have also benefited immensely from both parallel and sequential multi-FID detection in a variety of multi-dimensional pulse schemes. We are confident that multi-FID detection will become an essential component of future NMR methodologies, effectively increasing the sensitivity and information content of NMR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ēriks Kupče
- Bruker UK Ltd., Banner Lane, Coventry CV4 9GH, United Kingdom.
| | - Kaustubh R Mote
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, 36/P Gopanpally Village, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Andrew Webb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Perunthiruthy K Madhu
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, 36/P Gopanpally Village, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Tim D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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12
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Harris T, Gamliel A, Nardi-Schreiber A, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R. The Effect of Gadolinium Doping in [ 13 C 6 , 2 H 7 ]Glucose Formulations on 13 C Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at 3.35 T. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:251-256. [PMID: 31922367 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The promise of hyperpolarized glucose as a non-radioactive imaging agent capable of reporting on multiple metabolic routes has led to recent advances in its dissolution-DNP (dDNP) driven polarization using UV-light induced radicals and trityl radicals at high field (6.7 T) and 1.1 K. However, most preclinical dDNP polarizers operate at the field of 3.35 T and 1.4-1.5 K. Minute amounts of Gd3+ complexes have shown large improvements in solid-state polarization, which can be translated to improved hyperpolarization in solution. However, this Gd3+ effect seems to depend on magnetic field strength, metal ion concentration, and sample formulation. The effect of varying Gd3+ concentrations at 3.35 T has been described for 13 C-labeled pyruvic acid and acetate. However, it has not been studied for other compounds at this field. The results presented here suggest that Gd3+ doping can lead to various concentration and temperature dependent effects on the polarization of [13 C6 ,2 H7 ]glucose, not necessarily similar to the effects observed in pyruvic acid or acetate in size or direction. The maximal polarization for [13 C6 ,2 H7 ]glucose appears to be at a Gd3+ concentration of 2 mM, when irradiating for more than 2 h at the negative maximum of the DNP intensity profile. Surprisingly, for shorter irradiation times, higher polarization levels were determined at 1.50 K compared to 1.45 K, at a [Gd3+ ]=1.3 mM. This was explained by the build-up time constant and maximum at these temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Harris
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayelet Gamliel
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Atara Nardi-Schreiber
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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13
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Emwas AH, Roy R, McKay RT, Tenori L, Saccenti E, Gowda GAN, Raftery D, Alahmari F, Jaremko L, Jaremko M, Wishart DS. NMR Spectroscopy for Metabolomics Research. Metabolites 2019; 9:E123. [PMID: 31252628 PMCID: PMC6680826 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as one of the three principal analytical techniques used in metabolomics (the other two being gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography coupled with single-stage mass spectrometry (LC-MS)). The relative ease of sample preparation, the ability to quantify metabolite levels, the high level of experimental reproducibility, and the inherently nondestructive nature of NMR spectroscopy have made it the preferred platform for long-term or large-scale clinical metabolomic studies. These advantages, however, are often outweighed by the fact that most other analytical techniques, including both LC-MS and GC-MS, are inherently more sensitive than NMR, with lower limits of detection typically being 10 to 100 times better. This review is intended to introduce readers to the field of NMR-based metabolomics and to highlight both the advantages and disadvantages of NMR spectroscopy for metabolomic studies. It will also explore some of the unique strengths of NMR-based metabolomics, particularly with regard to isotope selection/detection, mixture deconvolution via 2D spectroscopy, automation, and the ability to noninvasively analyze native tissue specimens. Finally, this review will highlight a number of emerging NMR techniques and technologies that are being used to strengthen its utility and overcome its inherent limitations in metabolomic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raja Roy
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Formerly, Centre of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India
| | - Ryan T McKay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Edoardo Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G A Nagana Gowda
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Fatimah Alahmari
- Department of NanoMedicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lukasz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - David S Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada
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14
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Jähnig F, Himmler A, Kwiatkowski G, Däpp A, Hunkeler A, Kozerke S, Ernst M. A spin-thermodynamic approach to characterize spin dynamics in TEMPO-based samples for dissolution DNP at 7 T field. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 303:91-104. [PMID: 31030064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The spin dynamics of dissolution DNP samples consisting of 4.5 M [13C]urea in a mixture of (1/1)Vol glycerol/water using 4-Oxo-TEMPO as a radical was investigated. We analyzed the DNP dynamics as function of radical concentration at 7 T and 3.4 T static magnetic field as well as function of deuteration of the solvent matrix at the high field. The spin dynamics could be reproduced in all cases, at least qualitatively, by a thermodynamic model based on spin temperatures of the nuclear Zeeman baths and an electron non-Zeeman (dipolar) bath. We find, however, that at high field (7 T) and low radical concentrations (25 mM) the nuclear spins do not reach the same spin temperature indicating a weak coupling of the two baths. At higher radical concentrations, as well as for all radical concentrations at low field (3.4 T), the two nuclear Zeeman baths reach the same spin temperature within experimental errors. Additionally, the spin system was prepared with different initial conditions. For these cases, the thermodynamic model was able to predict the time evolution of the system well. While the DNP profiles do not give clear indications to a specific polarization transfer mechanism, at high field (7 T) increased coupling is seen. The EPR line shapes cannot clarify this in absence of ELDOR type experiments, nevertheless DNP profiles and dynamics under frequency-modulated microwave irradiation illustrate the expected increase in coupling between electrons with increasing radical concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Jähnig
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Himmler
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Grzegorz Kwiatkowski
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Däpp
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hunkeler
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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15
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Kress T, Walrant A, Bodenhausen G, Kurzbach D. Long-Lived States in Hyperpolarized Deuterated Methyl Groups Reveal Weak Binding of Small Molecules to Proteins. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1523-1529. [PMID: 30864805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a method for the detection of weak interactions of small molecules such as metabolites or medicaments that contain deuterated methyl groups with proteins in solution. The technique relies on long-lived imbalances of spin state populations, which are generated by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) and feature lifetimes that depend on the frequency of internal rotation of deuterated methyl groups. We demonstrate the technique for interactions between deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO- d6) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) or trypsin, where the methyl group rotation is slowed down upon protein binding, which causes a marked reduction in the lifetime of the population imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kress
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure , PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Strasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Astrid Walrant
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, École Normale Supérieure , Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Geoffrey Bodenhausen
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure , PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Strasse 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
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16
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Abstract
Experimental screening for protein-ligand interactions is a central task in drug discovery. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy enables the determination of binding affinities, as well as the measurement of structural and dynamic parameters governing the interaction. With traditional liquid-state NMR relying on a nuclear spin polarization on the order of 10-5, hyperpolarization methods such as dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) can increase signals by several orders of magnitude. The resulting increase in sensitivity has the potential to reduce requirements for the concentration of protein and ligands, improve the accuracy of the detection of interaction by allowing the use of near-stoichiometric conditions, and increase throughput. This chapter introduces a selection of basic techniques for the application of D-DNP to screening. Procedures for hyperpolarization are briefly reviewed, followed by the description of NMR methods for detection of binding through changes in chemical shift and relaxation parameters. Experiments employing competitive binding with a known ligand are shown, which can be used to determine binding affinity or yield structural information on the pharmacophore. The specific challenges of working with nonrenewable hyperpolarization are reviewed, and solutions including the use of multiplexed NMR detection are described. Altogether, the methods summarized in this chapter are intended to allow for the efficient detection of binding affinity, structure, and dynamics facilitated through substantial signal enhancements provided by hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaewon Kim
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christian Hilty
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
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17
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Kim Y, Liu M, Hilty C. Determination of binding affinities using hyperpolarized NMR with simultaneous 4-channel detection. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 295:80-86. [PMID: 30144688 PMCID: PMC6201311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) is a powerful technique to improve NMR sensitivity by a factor of thousands. Combining D-DNP with NMR-based screening enables to mitigate solubility or availability problems of ligands and target proteins in drug discovery as it can lower the concentration requirements into the sub-micromolar range. One of the challenges that D-DNP assisted NMR screening methods face for broad application, however, is a reduced throughput due to additional procedures and time required to create hyperpolarization. These requirements result in a delay of several tens of minutes in-between each NMR measurement. To solve this problem, we have developed a simultaneous 4-channel detection method for hyperpolarized 19F NMR, which can increase throughput fourfold by utilizing a purpose-built multiplexed NMR spectrometer and probe. With this system, the concentration-dependent binding interactions were observed for benzamidine and benzylamine with the serine protease trypsin. A T2 relaxation measurement of a hyperpolarized reporter ligand (TFBC; CF3C6H4CNHNH2), which competes for the same binding site on trypsin with the other ligands, was used. The hyperpolarized TFBC was mixed with trypsin and the ligand of interest, and injected into four flow cells inside the NMR probe. Across the set of four channels, a concentration gradient was created. From the simultaneously acquired relaxation datasets, it was possible to determine the dissociation constant (KD) of benzamidine and benzylamine without the requirement for individually optimizing experimental conditions for different affinities. A simulation showed that this 4-channel detection method applied to D-DNP NMR extends the screenable KD range to up to three orders of magnitude in a single experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaewon Kim
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mengxiao Liu
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Christian Hilty
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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18
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Blaffert J, Haeri HH, Blech M, Hinderberger D, Garidel P. Spectroscopic methods for assessing the molecular origins of macroscopic solution properties of highly concentrated liquid protein solutions. Anal Biochem 2018; 561-562:70-88. [PMID: 30243977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In cases of subcutaneous injection of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, high protein concentrations (>50 mg/ml) are often required. During the development of these high concentration liquid formulations (HCLF), challenges such as aggregation, gelation, opalescence, phase separation, and high solution viscosities are more prone compared to low concentrated protein formulations. These properties can impair manufacturing processes, as well as protein stability and shelf life. To avoid such unfavourable solution properties, a detailed understanding about the nature of these properties and their driving forces are required. However, the fundamental mechanisms that lead to macroscopic solution properties, as above mentioned, are complex and not fully understood, yet. Established analytical methods for assessing the colloidal stability, i.e. the ability of a native protein to remain dispersed in solution, are restricted to dilute conditions and provide parameters such as the second osmotic virial coefficient, B22, and the diffusion interaction coefficient, kD. These parameters are routinely applied for qualitative estimations and identifications of proteins with challenging solution behaviours, such as high viscosities and aggregation, although the assays are prepared for low protein concentration conditions, typically between 0.1 and 20 mg/ml ("ideal" solution conditions). Quantitative analysis of samples of high protein concentration is difficult and it is hard to obtain information about the driving forces of such solution properties and corresponding protein-protein self-interactions. An advantage of using specific spectroscopic methods is the potential of directly analysing highly concentrated protein solutions at different solution conditions. This allows for collecting/gaining valuable information about the fundamental mechanisms of solution properties of the high protein concentration regime. In addition, the derived parameters might be more predictive as compared to the parameters originating from assays which are optimized for the low protein concentration range. The provided information includes structural data, molecular dynamics at various timescales and protein-solvent interactions, which can be obtained at molecular resolution. Herein, we provide an overview about spectroscopic techniques for analysing the origins of macroscopic solution behaviours in general, with a specific focus on pharmaceutically relevant high protein concentration and formulation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Blaffert
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Haleh Hashemi Haeri
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Michaela Blech
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Protein Science, Birkerndorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach/Riß, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Protein Science, Birkerndorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach/Riß, Germany.
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19
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Zhang G, Hilty C. Applications of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization in chemistry and biochemistry. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:566-582. [PMID: 29602263 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity of detection is one of the most limiting aspects when applying NMR spectroscopy to current problems in the molecular sciences. A number of hyperpolarization methods exist for increasing the population difference between nuclear spin Zeeman states and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio by orders of magnitude. Among these methods, dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) is unique in its capability of providing high spin polarization for many types of molecules in the liquid state. Originally proposed for biomedical applications including in vivo imaging, applications in high resolution NMR spectroscopy are now emerging. These applications are the focus of the present review. Using D-DNP, a small sample aliquot is first hyperpolarized as a frozen solid at low temperature, followed by dissolution into the liquid state. D-DNP extends the capabilities of liquid state NMR spectroscopy towards shorter timescales and enables the study of nonequilibrium processes, such as the kinetics and mechanisms of reactions. It allows the determination of intermolecular interactions, in particular based on spin relaxation parameters. At the same time, a challenge in the application of this hyperpolarization method is that spin polarization is nonrenewable. Substantial effort has been devoted to develop methods for enabling rapid correlation spectroscopy, the measurement of time-dependent signals, and the extension of the observable time window. With these methods, D-DNP has the potential to open new application areas in the chemical and biochemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhang
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Christian Hilty
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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20
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Kovtunov KV, Pokochueva EV, Salnikov OG, Cousin S, Kurzbach D, Vuichoud B, Jannin S, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM, Barskiy DA, Koptyug IV. Hyperpolarized NMR Spectroscopy: d-DNP, PHIP, and SABRE Techniques. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:10.1002/asia.201800551. [PMID: 29790649 PMCID: PMC6251772 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The intensity of NMR signals can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude by using various techniques for the hyperpolarization of different molecules. Such approaches can overcome the main sensitivity challenges facing modern NMR/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, whilst hyperpolarized fluids can also be used in a variety of applications in material science and biomedicine. This Focus Review considers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized liquids and gases by using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP) and parahydrogen-based techniques, such as signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) and parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP), in both heterogeneous and homogeneous processes. The various new aspects in the formation and utilization of hyperpolarized fluids, along with the possibility of observing NMR signal enhancement, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Kovtunov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
| | - Ekaterina V. Pokochueva
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
| | - Samuel Cousin
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Basile Vuichoud
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sami Jannin
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry & Karmanos Cancer Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48202, MI, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Danila A. Barskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3220, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
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21
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Liu M, Kim Y, Hilty C. Characterization of Chemical Exchange Using Relaxation Dispersion of Hyperpolarized Nuclear Spins. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9154-9158. [PMID: 28714674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange phenomena are ubiquitous in macromolecules, which undergo conformational change or ligand complexation. NMR relaxation dispersion (RD) spectroscopy based on a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence is widely applied to identify the exchange and measure the lifetime of intermediate states on the millisecond time scale. Advances in hyperpolarization methods improve the applicability of NMR spectroscopy when rapid acquisitions or low concentrations are required, through an increase in signal strength by several orders of magnitude. Here, we demonstrate the measurement of chemical exchange from a single aliquot of a ligand hyperpolarized by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP). Transverse relaxation rates are measured simultaneously at different pulsing delays by dual-channel 19F NMR spectroscopy. This two-point measurement is shown to allow the determination of the exchange term in the relaxation rate expression. For the ligand 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-carboximidamide binding to the protein trypsin, the exchange term is found to be equal within error limits in neutral and acidic environments from D-DNP NMR spectroscopy, corresponding to a pre-equilibrium of trypsin deprotonation. This finding illustrates the capability for determination of binding mechanisms using D-DNP RD. Taking advantage of hyperpolarization, the ligand concentration in the exchange measurements can reach on the order of tens of μM and protein concentration can be below 1 μM, i.e., conditions typically accessible in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Christian Hilty
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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