1
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Girgis M, Petruncio G, Russo P, Peyton S, Paige M, Campos D, Sanda M. Analysis of N- and O-linked site-specific glycosylation by ion mobility mass spectrometry: State of the art and future directions. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300281. [PMID: 38171879 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation, the major post-translational modification of proteins, significantly increases the diversity of proteoforms. Glycans are involved in a variety of pivotal structural and functional roles of proteins, and changes in glycosylation are profoundly connected to the progression of numerous diseases. Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as the gold standard for glycan and glycopeptide analysis because of its high sensitivity and the wealth of fragmentation information that can be obtained. Various separation techniques have been employed to resolve glycan and glycopeptide isomers at the front end of the MS. However, differentiating structures of isobaric and isomeric glycopeptides constitutes a challenge in MS-based characterization. Many reports described the use of various ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) techniques for glycomic analyses. Nevertheless, very few studies have focused on N- and O-linked site-specific glycopeptidomic analysis. Unlike glycomics, glycoproteomics presents a multitude of inherent challenges in microheterogeneity, which are further exacerbated by the lack of dedicated bioinformatics tools. In this review, we cover recent advances made towards the growing field of site-specific glycosylation analysis using IM-MS with a specific emphasis on the MS techniques and capabilities in resolving isomeric peptidoglycan structures. Furthermore, we discuss commonly used software that supports IM-MS data analysis of glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Girgis
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering & Computing, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Gregory Petruncio
- Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul Russo
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Steven Peyton
- Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Mikell Paige
- Center for Molecular Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Diana Campos
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Miloslav Sanda
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Herz- und Lungenforschung, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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2
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Khalikova M, Jireš J, Horáček O, Douša M, Kučera R, Nováková L. What is the role of current mass spectrometry in pharmaceutical analysis? MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:560-609. [PMID: 37503656 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of mass spectrometry (MS) has become more important in most application domains in recent years. Pharmaceutical analysis is specific due to its stringent regulation procedures, the need for good laboratory/manufacturing practices, and a large number of routine quality control analyses to be carried out. The role of MS is, therefore, very different throughout the whole drug development cycle. While it dominates within the drug discovery and development phase, in routine quality control, the role of MS is minor and indispensable only for selected applications. Moreover, its role is very different in the case of analysis of small molecule pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. Our review explains the role of current MS in the analysis of both small-molecule chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals. Important features of MS-based technologies being implemented, method requirements, and related challenges are discussed. The differences in analytical procedures for small molecule pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals are pointed out. While a single method or a small set of methods is usually sufficient for quality control in the case of small molecule pharmaceuticals and MS is often not indispensable, a large panel of methods including extensive use of MS must be used for quality control of biopharmaceuticals. Finally, expected development and future trends are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Khalikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Jireš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Development, Zentiva, k. s., Praha, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Horáček
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Douša
- Department of Development, Zentiva, k. s., Praha, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kučera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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3
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Schachner LF, Mullen C, Phung W, Hinkle JD, Beardsley MI, Bentley T, Day P, Tsai C, Sukumaran S, Baginski T, DiCara D, Agard NJ, Masureel M, Gober J, ElSohly AM, Melani R, Syka JEP, Huguet R, Marty MT, Sandoval W. Exposing the molecular heterogeneity of glycosylated biotherapeutics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3259. [PMID: 38627419 PMCID: PMC11021452 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity inherent in today's biotherapeutics, especially as a result of heavy glycosylation, can affect a molecule's safety and efficacy. Characterizing this heterogeneity is crucial for drug development and quality assessment, but existing methods are limited in their ability to analyze intact glycoproteins or other heterogeneous biotherapeutics. Here, we present an approach to the molecular assessment of biotherapeutics that uses proton-transfer charge-reduction with gas-phase fractionation to analyze intact heterogeneous and/or glycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry. The method provides a detailed landscape of the intact molecular weights present in biotherapeutic protein preparations in a single experiment. For glycoproteins in particular, the method may offer insights into glycan composition when coupled with a suitable bioinformatic strategy. We tested the approach on various biotherapeutic molecules, including Fc-fusion, VHH-fusion, and peptide-bound MHC class II complexes to demonstrate efficacy in measuring the proteoform-level diversity of biotherapeutics. Notably, we inferred the glycoform distribution for hundreds of molecular weights for the eight-times glycosylated fusion drug IL22-Fc, enabling correlations between glycoform sub-populations and the drug's pharmacological properties. Our method is broadly applicable and provides a powerful tool to assess the molecular heterogeneity of emerging biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Schachner
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Mullen
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Wilson Phung
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Hinkle
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA
| | | | - Tracy Bentley
- Pharmaceutical Technical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter Day
- Pharmaceutical Technical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christina Tsai
- Pharmaceutical Technical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Protein Analytical Development, Ascendis Pharma, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Siddharth Sukumaran
- Pharmaceutical Technical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Translational Pharmacometrics, Janssen, Horsham, PA, USA
| | - Tomasz Baginski
- Pharmaceutical Technical Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Danielle DiCara
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Agard
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthieu Masureel
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Gober
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adel M ElSohly
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rafael Melani
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA
| | - John E P Syka
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Romain Huguet
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Marty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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4
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Mascarenhas-Melo F, Diaz M, Gonçalves MBS, Vieira P, Bell V, Viana S, Nunes S, Paiva-Santos AC, Veiga F. An Overview of Biosimilars-Development, Quality, Regulatory Issues, and Management in Healthcare. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:235. [PMID: 38399450 PMCID: PMC10892806 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological therapies have transformed high-burden treatments. As the patent and exclusivity period for biological medicines draws to a close, there is a possibility for the development and authorization of biosimilars. These products boast comparable levels of safety, quality, and effectiveness to their precursor reference products. Biosimilars, although similar to reference products, are not identical copies and should not be considered generic substitutes for the original. Their development and evaluation involve a rigorous step-by-step process that includes analytical, functional, and nonclinical evaluations and clinical trials. Clinical studies conducted for biosimilars aim to establish similar efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity, rather than demonstrating a clinical benefit, as with the reference product. However, although the current knowledge regarding biosimilars has significantly increased, several controversies and misconceptions still exist regarding their immunogenicity, extrapolation, interchangeability, substitution, and nomenclature. The development of biosimilars stimulates market competition, contributes toward healthcare sustainability, and allows for greater patient access. However, maximizing the benefits of biosimilars requires cooperation between regulators and developers to ensure that patients can benefit quickly from access to these new therapeutic alternatives while maintaining high standards of quality, safety, and efficacy. Recognizing the inherent complexities of comprehending biosimilars fully, it is essential to focus on realistic approaches, such as fostering open communication between healthcare providers and patients, encouraging informed decision-making, and minimizing risks. This review addresses the regulatory and manufacturing requirements for biosimilars and provides clinicians with relevant insights for informed prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Higher School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-307 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Mariana Diaz
- Drug Development and Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.D.); (M.B.S.G.)
| | - Maria Beatriz S. Gonçalves
- Drug Development and Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.D.); (M.B.S.G.)
| | - Pedro Vieira
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.V.); (S.V.); or (S.N.)
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Victoria Bell
- Laboratory of Social Pharmacy and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Sofia Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.V.); (S.V.); or (S.N.)
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.V.); (S.V.); or (S.N.)
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Drug Development and Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.D.); (M.B.S.G.)
| | - Francisco Veiga
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Drug Development and Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.D.); (M.B.S.G.)
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5
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Oyugi M, Wang X, Yang X, Wu D, Rogstad S. Method validation and new peak detection for the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry multi-attribute method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115564. [PMID: 37451094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The multi-attribute method (MAM) is a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) peptide mapping technique that has been proposed as a replacement for several conventional quality control (QC) methods for therapeutic proteins. In addition to quantification of multiple product quality attributes (PQAs), MAM can also monitor impurities using a new peak detection (NPD) feature. Here, results are provided from method validation and NPD studies of an MAM approach applied to rituximab as a model monoclonal antibody (mAb). Twenty-one rituximab PQAs were monitored, including oxidation, pyroglutamination, deamidation, lysine clipping, and glycosylation. The PQA monitoring aspect of the method was validated according to ICH Guidance. Accuracy, precision, specificity, detection and quantitation limits, linearity, range, and robustness were demonstrated for this MAM approach with minimal issues. All PQAs were successfully validated except for several oxidation sites, which did not pass intermediate precision criteria. The variability found in oxidation measurements was attributed to artificial oxidation during sample preparation and could likely be alleviated through several approaches. The NPD aspect of the method was also evaluated. A spike-in approach was used to assess the limits of detection and quantitation (LOD/LOQ) of the NPD feature of MAM. For NPD, the peak intensity threshold was found to be the most critical parameter for accurate detection of impurities since a low threshold can result in false positives while a high threshold can obscure the detection of true peaks. Overall, the MAM approach presented and validated here has been demonstrated to be suitable for both targeted monitoring of rituximab PQAs and non-targeted detection of new peaks that represent impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Oyugi
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; Office of Testing and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Xiaoshi Wang
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; Office of Testing and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Xiangkun Yang
- Office of Testing and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; Prime Medicine, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Office of Testing and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; AbbVie, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sarah Rogstad
- Office of Testing and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA.
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6
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Li X. Recent applications of quantitative mass spectrometry in biopharmaceutical process development and manufacturing. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115581. [PMID: 37494866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical products have seen rapid growth over the past few decades and continue to dominate the global pharmaceutical market. Aligning with the quality by design (QbD) framework and realization, recent advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) instrumentation and related techniques have enhanced biopharmaceutical characterization capabilities and have supported an increased development of biopharmaceutical products. Beyond its routine qualitative characterization, the quantitative feature of LC-MS has unique applications in biopharmaceutical process development and manufacturing. This review describes the recent applications and implications of the advancement of quantitative MS methods in biopharmaceutical process development, and characterization of biopharmaceutical product, product-related variants, and process-related impurities. We also provide insights on the emerging applications of quantitative MS in the lifecycle of biopharmaceutical product development including quality control in the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) environment and process analytical technology (PAT) practices during process development and manufacturing. Through collaboration with instrument and software vendors and regulatory agencies, we envision broader adoption of phase-appropriate quantitative MS-based methods for the analysis of biopharmaceutical products, which in turn has the potential to enable manufacture of higher quality products for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Li
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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7
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Pohl T, Gervais A, Dirksen E, D'Alessio V, Bechtold-Peters K, Burkitt W, Cao L, Greven S, Lennard A, Li X, Lössner C, Niu B, Reusch D, O'Riordan T, Shearer J, Spencer D, Xu W, Yi L. Technical considerations for the implementation of the Multi-Attribute-Method by mass spectrometry in a Quality Control laboratory. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00112-1. [PMID: 37146738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Multi-attribute methods employing mass spectrometry are applied throughout the biopharmaceutical industry for product and process characterization purposes but are not yet widely accepted as a method for batch release and stability testing under good manufacturing practice (GMP) due to limited experience and level of comfort with the technical, compliance and regulatory aspects of its implementation at quality control (QC) laboratories. Here, current literature related to the development and application of the multi-attribute method by peptide mapping liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (MAM) is compiled with the aim of providing guidance for the implementation of MAM in a QC laboratory. This article, focusing on technical considerations, is the first part of a two-tiered publication, whereby the second part will focus on GMP compliance and regulatory aspects. This publication has been prepared by a group of industry experts representing 14 globally acting major biotechnology companies under the umbrella of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) Manufacturing & Quality Expert Group (MQEG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pohl
- Biologics Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Klybeckstrasse 141, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annick Gervais
- Analytical Development Sciences for Biologicals, UCB, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine L'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Eef Dirksen
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, Byondis, Microweg 22, 6545 CM, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valerio D'Alessio
- Analytical Development Biotech, Merck Serono S.p.A., Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio - Rome, Italy
| | - Karoline Bechtold-Peters
- Biologics Drug Product Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Klybeckstrasse 141, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Will Burkitt
- Biological Characterisation Product Development Sciences, UCB, 216 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Li Cao
- Strategic External Development, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
| | - Simone Greven
- Pharmaceuticals, Biological Development, Bayer AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 217-333, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andrew Lennard
- Amgen, 4 Uxbridge Business Park, Sanderson Road, Uxbridge, UB8 1DH, UK
| | - Xue Li
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Christopher Lössner
- Analytical Dev. Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Ben Niu
- Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, 4224 Campus Point Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Tomás O'Riordan
- Eli Lilly Kinsale Limited, Dunderrow, Kinsale, Co. Cork, P17NY71, Ireland
| | - Justin Shearer
- Analytical Development, GSK, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - David Spencer
- BioPharmaceutical Development, Ipsen Biopharm Limited, 9 Ash Road, Wrexham Industrial Estate, Wrexham, LL13 9UF, UK
| | - Wei Xu
- Analytical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA
| | - Linda Yi
- Analytical Development, Biogen, 5000 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Butré CI, D'Atri V, Diemer H, Colas O, Wagner E, Beck A, Cianferani S, Guillarme D, Delobel A. Interlaboratory Evaluation of a User-Friendly Benchtop Mass Spectrometer for Multiple-Attribute Monitoring Studies of a Monoclonal Antibody. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062855. [PMID: 36985827 PMCID: PMC10053224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the quest to market increasingly safer and more potent biotherapeutic proteins, the concept of the multi-attribute method (MAM) has emerged from biopharmaceutical companies to boost the quality-by-design process development. MAM strategies rely on state-of-the-art analytical workflows based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify and quantify a selected series of critical quality attributes (CQA) in a single assay. Here, we aimed at evaluating the repeatability and robustness of a benchtop LC-MS platform along with bioinformatics data treatment pipelines for peptide mapping-based MAM studies using standardized LC-MS methods, with the objective to benchmark MAM methods across laboratories, taking nivolumab as a case study. Our results evidence strong interlaboratory consistency across LC-MS platforms for all CQAs (i.e., deamidation, oxidation, lysine clipping and glycosylation). In addition, our work uniquely highlights the crucial role of bioinformatics postprocessing in MAM studies, especially for low-abundant species quantification. Altogether, we believe that MAM has fostered the development of routine, robust, easy-to-use LC-MS platforms for high-throughput determination of major CQAs in a regulated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire I Butré
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536 Thuin, Belgium
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Diemer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI-FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Colas
- Biologics CMC and Developability, IRPF, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint-Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Elsa Wagner
- Biologics CMC and Developability, IRPF, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint-Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Alain Beck
- Biologics CMC and Developability, IRPF, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint-Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI-FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Delobel
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536 Thuin, Belgium
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9
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Sadek M, Moore BN, Yu C, Ruppe N, Abdun-Nabi A, Hao Z, Alvarez M, Dahotre S, Deperalta G. A Robust Purity Method for Biotherapeutics Using New Peak Detection in an LC-MS-Based Multi-Attribute Method. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:484-492. [PMID: 36802331 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
New peak detection (NPD), as part of the LC-MS-based multi-attribute method (MAM), allows for sensitive and unbiased detection of new or changing site-specific attributes between a sample and reference that is not possible with conventional UV or fluorescence detection-based methods. MAM with NPD can serve as a purity test that can establish whether a sample and the reference are similar. The broad implementation of NPD in the biopharmaceutical industry has been limited by the potential presence of false positives or artifacts, which increase the analysis time and can trigger unnecessary investigations of product quality. Our novel contributions to the success of NPD are the curation of false positives, use of the known peak list concept, pairwise analysis approach, and the development of a NPD system suitability control strategy. In this report, we also introduce a unique experimental design utilizing sequence variant co-mixes to measure NPD performance. We show that NPD has superior performance relative to conventional control system methods in the detection of an unexpected change as compared with the reference. NPD is a new frontier in purity testing that reduces subjectivity, need for analyst intervention, and potential for missing unexpected product quality changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sadek
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Benjamin Nathan Moore
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christopher Yu
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicholas Ruppe
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Austin Abdun-Nabi
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhiqi Hao
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Melissa Alvarez
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sanket Dahotre
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Galahad Deperalta
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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10
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Comprehensive multi-attribute method workflow for biotherapeutic characterization and current good manufacturing practices testing. Nat Protoc 2022; 18:1056-1089. [PMID: 36526726 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The multi-attribute method (MAM) is a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based method that is used to directly characterize and monitor numerous product quality attributes (PQAs) at the amino acid level of a biopharmaceutical product. MAM enables identity testing based on primary sequence verification, detection and quantitation of post-translational modifications and impurities. This ability to simultaneously and directly determine PQAs of therapeutic proteins makes MAM a more informative, streamlined and productive workflow than conventional chromatographic and electrophoretic assays. MAM relies on proteolytic digestion of the sample followed by reversed-phase chromatographic separation and high-resolution LC-MS analysis in two phases. First, a discovery study to determine quality attributes for monitoring is followed by the creation of a targeted library based on high-resolution retention time plus accurate mass analysis. The second aspect of MAM is the monitoring phase based on the target peptide library and new peak detection using differential analysis of the data to determine the presence, absence or change of any species that might affect the activity or stability of the biotherapeutic. The sample preparation process takes between 90 and 120 min, whereas the time spent on instrumental and data analyses might vary from one to several days for different sample sizes, depending on the complexity of the molecule, the number of attributes to be monitored and the information to be detailed in the final report. MAM is developed to be used throughout the product life cycle, from process development through upstream and downstream processes to quality control release or under current good manufacturing practices regulations enforced by regulatory agencies.
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12
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Mouchahoir T, Schiel JE, Rogers R, Heckert A, Place BJ, Ammerman A, Li X, Robinson T, Schmidt B, Chumsae CM, Li X, Manuilov AV, Yan B, Staples GO, Ren D, Veach AJ, Wang D, Yared W, Sosic Z, Wang Y, Zang L, Leone AM, Liu P, Ludwig R, Tao L, Wu W, Cansizoglu A, Hanneman A, Adams GW, Perdivara I, Walker H, Wilson M, Brandenburg A, DeGraan-Weber N, Gotta S, Shambaugh J, Alvarez M, Yu XC, Cao L, Shao C, Mahan A, Nanda H, Nields K, Nightlinger N, Niu B, Wang J, Xu W, Leo G, Sepe N, Liu YH, Patel BA, Richardson D, Wang Y, Tizabi D, Borisov OV, Lu Y, Maynard EL, Gruhler A, Haselmann KF, Krogh TN, Sönksen CP, Letarte S, Shen S, Boggio K, Johnson K, Ni W, Patel H, Ripley D, Rouse JC, Zhang Y, Daniels C, Dawdy A, Friese O, Powers TW, Sperry JB, Woods J, Carlson E, Sen KI, Skilton SJ, Busch M, Lund A, Stapels M, Guo X, Heidelberger S, Kaluarachchi H, McCarthy S, Kim J, Zhen J, Zhou Y, Rogstad S, Wang X, Fang J, Chen W, Yu YQ, Hoogerheide JG, Scott R, Yuan H. Attribute Analytics Performance Metrics from the MAM Consortium Interlaboratory Study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1659-1677. [PMID: 36018776 PMCID: PMC9460773 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The multi-attribute method (MAM) was conceived as a single assay to potentially replace multiple single-attribute assays that have long been used in process development and quality control (QC) for protein therapeutics. MAM is rooted in traditional peptide mapping methods; it leverages mass spectrometry (MS) detection for confident identification and quantitation of many types of protein attributes that may be targeted for monitoring. While MAM has been widely explored across the industry, it has yet to gain a strong foothold within QC laboratories as a replacement method for established orthogonal platforms. Members of the MAM consortium recently undertook an interlaboratory study to evaluate the industry-wide status of MAM. Here we present the results of this study as they pertain to the targeted attribute analytics component of MAM, including investigation into the sources of variability between laboratories and comparison of MAM data to orthogonal methods. These results are made available with an eye toward aiding the community in further optimizing the method to enable its more frequent use in the QC environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Mouchahoir
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - John E. Schiel
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Rich Rogers
- Just-Evotech
Biologics, Inc., 401
Terry Ave N., Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Alan Heckert
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Place
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Aaron Ammerman
- AbbVie, 1000 Gateway
Blvd, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- AbbVie, 1000 Gateway
Blvd, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tom Robinson
- AbbVie, 1000 Gateway
Blvd, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian Schmidt
- AbbVie, 1000 Gateway
Blvd, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chris M. Chumsae
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Xinbi Li
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Anton V. Manuilov
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Bo Yan
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Gregory O. Staples
- Agilent
Technologies, 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd, Santa Clara, California 95008, United States
| | - Da Ren
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Alexander J. Veach
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Dongdong Wang
- BioAnalytix, 790 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wael Yared
- BioAnalytix, 790 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zoran Sosic
- Biogen, 125 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Biogen, 125 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Li Zang
- Biogen, 125 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Anthony M. Leone
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Peiran Liu
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Richard Ludwig
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Li Tao
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Wei Wu
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Ahmet Cansizoglu
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8
Henshaw Street, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Andrew Hanneman
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8
Henshaw Street, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Greg W. Adams
- FUJIFILM
Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Ln, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Irina Perdivara
- FUJIFILM
Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Ln, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Hunter Walker
- FUJIFILM
Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Ln, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Margo Wilson
- FUJIFILM
Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Ln, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | | | - Nick DeGraan-Weber
- Genedata, 750 Marrett Road, One Cranberry
Hill, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
| | - Stefano Gotta
- Genedata, Margarethenstrasse 38, Basel, 4053, Switzerland
| | - Joe Shambaugh
- Genedata, 750 Marrett Road, One Cranberry
Hill, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
| | - Melissa Alvarez
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - X. Christopher Yu
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Li Cao
- GSK, 709
Swedeland Rd, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Chun Shao
- GSK, 709
Swedeland Rd, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Andrew Mahan
- Janssen, 1400 McKean Road, Springhouse, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Hirsh Nanda
- Janssen, 1400 McKean Road, Springhouse, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kristen Nields
- Janssen, 1400 McKean Road, Springhouse, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Nancy Nightlinger
- Just-Evotech
Biologics, Inc., 401
Terry Ave N., Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Ben Niu
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United
States
| | - Jihong Wang
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United
States
| | - Wei Xu
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United
States
| | - Gabriella Leo
- EMD Serono an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Luigi Einaudi 11, Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), 00012, Italy
| | - Nunzio Sepe
- EMD Serono an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Luigi Einaudi 11, Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), 00012, Italy
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Merck
& Co., Inc.., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Bhumit A. Patel
- Merck
& Co., Inc.., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Douglas Richardson
- Merck
& Co., Inc.., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Merck
& Co., Inc.., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Daniela Tizabi
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Oleg V. Borisov
- Novavax,
Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Yali Lu
- Novavax,
Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Ernest L. Maynard
- Novavax,
Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Letarte
- Pfizer, 375 N Field Dr, Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United
States
| | - Sean Shen
- Pfizer, 375 N Field Dr, Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United
States
| | - Kristin Boggio
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Keith Johnson
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Wenqin Ni
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Himakshi Patel
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - David Ripley
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Jason C. Rouse
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Carly Daniels
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Andrew Dawdy
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Olga Friese
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Thomas W. Powers
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Justin B. Sperry
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Josh Woods
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Eric Carlson
- Protein
Metrics, Inc., 20863
Stevens Creek Blvd, Cupertino, California 95014, United States
| | - K. Ilker Sen
- Protein
Metrics, Inc., 20863
Stevens Creek Blvd, Cupertino, California 95014, United States
| | - St John Skilton
- Protein
Metrics, Inc., 20863
Stevens Creek Blvd, Cupertino, California 95014, United States
| | - Michelle Busch
- Sanofi, 1 The Mountain Rd, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Anders Lund
- Sanofi, 1 The Mountain Rd, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Martha Stapels
- Sanofi, 1 The Mountain Rd, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Xu Guo
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K
4V8, Canada
| | | | | | - Sean McCarthy
- SCIEX, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - John Kim
- Teva, 145 Brandywine Pkwy, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Jing Zhen
- Teva, 145 Brandywine Pkwy, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Ying Zhou
- Teva, 145 Brandywine Pkwy, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Sarah Rogstad
- U.S. Food
and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Xiaoshi Wang
- U.S. Food
and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Jing Fang
- Waters, 34 Maple St, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Weibin Chen
- Waters, 34 Maple St, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Ying Qing Yu
- Waters, 34 Maple St, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Scott
- Zoetis, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United
States
| | - Hua Yuan
- Zoetis, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United
States
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13
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Li X, Rawal B, Rivera S, Letarte S, Richardson DD. Improvements on sample preparation and peptide separation for reduced peptide mapping based multi-attribute method analysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies using lysyl endopeptidase digestion. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1675:463161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Numao E, Yanagisawa K, Hosono M, Yagi Y, Nishimura K, Yamazaki K. Development of a comprehensive approach for performance evaluation of a quantitative multi-attribute method as a quality control method. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:739-747. [PMID: 35297021 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The multi-attribute method has been recognized as an elegant quantification tool for post-translational modifications (PTMs) of therapeutic proteins, since it can evaluate several attributes spontaneously and site-specifically. Here, the abundance of PTMs calculated by three different types of formula were compared and there was little difference among the results. For the method evaluation, two different kinds of peptides were used as internal standards (ISs) and one of the IS was used as the "standard peak" to define the signal strength of MS. They are also used for system suitability testing to verify whether the condition or sensitivity of mass spectrometry are high enough to evaluate the minor components by confirming the recovery rate of one IS to the another. This system is beneficial that since we have defined the limit of quantification as a certain ratio to IS, consistent MS intensity is applied as the threshold across all detected peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Numao
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0013, Japan.
| | - Kumi Yanagisawa
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0013, Japan
| | - Mayu Hosono
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0013, Japan
| | - Yuki Yagi
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0013, Japan
| | - Koichiro Nishimura
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0013, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Yamazaki
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0013, Japan
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15
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Carvalho SB, Gomes RA, Pfenninger A, Fischer M, Strotbek M, Isidro IA, Tugçu N, Gomes-Alves P. Multi attribute method implementation using a High Resolution Mass Spectrometry platform: From sample preparation to batch analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262711. [PMID: 35085302 PMCID: PMC8794205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality control of biopharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been evolving and becoming more challenging as the requirements of the regulatory agencies increase due to the demanding complexity of products under evaluation. Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based methods such as the multi-attribute method (MAM) are being explored to achieve a deeper understanding of the attributes critical for the safety, efficacy, and quality of these products. MAM uses high mass accuracy/high-resolution MS data that enables the direct and simultaneous monitoring of relevant product quality attributes (PQAs, in particular, chemical modifications) in a single workflow, replacing several orthogonal methods, reducing time and costs associated with these assays. Here we describe a MAM implementation process using a QTOF high resolution platform. Method implementation was accomplished using NIST (National Institute for Standards and Technology) mAb reference material and an in-process mAb sample. PQAs as glycosylation profiles, methionine oxidation, tryptophan dioxidation, asparagine deamidation, pyro-Glu at N-terminal and glycation were monitored. Focusing on applications that require batch analysis and high-throughput, sample preparation and LC-MS parameters troubleshooting are discussed. This MAM workflow was successfully explored as reference analytical tool for comprehensive characterization of a downstream processing (DSP) polishing platform and for a comparability study following technology transfer between different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B. Carvalho
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal
- ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A. Gomes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal
- ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Anja Pfenninger
- Sanofi R&D, Biologics Development, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martina Fischer
- Sanofi R&D, Biologics Development, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michaela Strotbek
- Sanofi R&D, Biologics Development, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Inês A. Isidro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal
- ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nihal Tugçu
- Mammalian Platform, Global CMC Development, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - Patrícia Gomes-Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal
- ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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16
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Hao Z, Moore B, Ren C, Sadek M, Macchi F, Yang L, Harris J, Yee L, Liu E, Tran V, Ninonuevo M, Chen Y, Yu C. Multi-attribute method performance profile for quality control of monoclonal antibody therapeutics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114330. [PMID: 34479173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Multi-attribute method (MAM) using peptide map analysis with high resolution mass spectrometry is increasingly common in product characterization and the identification of critical quality attributes (CQAs) of biotherapeutic proteins. Capable of providing structural information specific to amino acid residues, quantifying relative abundance of product variants or degradants, and detecting profile changes between product lots, a robust MAM can replace multiple traditional methods that generate profile-based information for product release and stability testing. In an effort to provide informative and efficient analytical monitoring for monoclonal antibody (mAb) products, from early development to manufacturing quality control, we describe the desired MAM performance profile and address the major scientific challenges in MAM method validation. Furthermore, to support fast speed investigational product development, we describe a platform method validation strategy and results of an optimized MAM workflow. This strategy is applied to support the use of MAM for multiple mAb products with similar structures and physicochemical properties, requiring minimal product-specific method validation activities. Three mAb products were used to demonstrate MAM performance for common and representative product quality attributes. Method validation design and acceptance criteria were guided by the Analytical Target Profile concept, as well as relevant regulatory guidelines to ensure the method is fit-for-purpose. A comprehensive system suitability control strategy was developed, and reported here, to ensure adequate performance of the method including sample preparation, instrument operation, and data analysis. Our results demonstrated sufficient method performance for the characteristics required for quantitative measurement of product variants and degradants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Hao
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, 1 DNA Way, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA.
| | - Benjamin Moore
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, 1 DNA Way, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Chengfeng Ren
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, 1 DNA Way, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Monica Sadek
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, 1 DNA Way, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Frank Macchi
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, 1 DNA Way, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Lindsay Yang
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, 1 DNA Way, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Jack Harris
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, 1 DNA Way, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Laura Yee
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, 1 DNA Way, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Emily Liu
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, 1 DNA Way, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Vanessa Tran
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, 1 DNA Way, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Milady Ninonuevo
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, 1 DNA Way, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, 1 DNA Way, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA
| | - Christopher Yu
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, 1 DNA Way, Genentech, South San Francisco, USA.
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17
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Sitasuwan P, Powers TW, Medwid T, Huang Y, Bare B, Lee LA. Enhancing the multi-attribute method through an automated and high-throughput sample preparation. MAbs 2021; 13:1978131. [PMID: 34586946 PMCID: PMC8489909 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1978131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi-attribute method (MAM), a recent advance in the application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry within the pharmaceutical industry, enables the simultaneous monitoring of multiple product quality attributes in a single analytical method. While MAM is coupled with automated data processing and reporting, the sample preparation, based on proteolytic peptide mapping, remains cumbersome and low throughput. The standard sample preparation for MAM relies on protein denaturation, reduction, and alkylation prior to proteolytic digestion, but often a desalting step is required to maintain enzymatic activity. While most of the sample preparation can be automated on a standard robotic liquid handling system, a streamlined approach for protein desalting and temperature modulation is required for a viable, fully automated digestion. In this work, for the first time, a complete tip-based MAM sample preparation is automated on a single robotic liquid handling system, leveraging a deck layout that integrates both heating and cooling functionalities. The fully automated method documented herein achieves a high-throughput sample preparation for MAM, while maintaining superior method performance. Abbreviations: MAM: multi-attribute method; PQAs: product quality attributes; CE: capillary electrophoresis; IEX: ion-exchange chromatography; HILIC-FLR: hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a fluorescence detector; RP-LC/UV: reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to a UV detector; MS: mass spectrometry; NPD: new peak detection; GdnHCl: guanidine hydrochloride; TIC: total ion current; pAb: polyclonal antibody; IgG: immunoglobulin G; DTT: dithiothreitol; IAA: iodoacetic acid; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; A280: absorbance at 280 nm wavelength; 96MPH: 96-channel multi-probe head; CPAC: Cold Plate Air Cooled; HHS: Hamilton Heater Shaker; DWP: Deep-Well Plate; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; NTR: Nested Tip Rack; Met: methionine; Trp: tryptophan; N-term pQ: N-terminal glutamine cyclization; Lys: lysine; PAM: peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase; G0F: asialo-, agalacto-, bi-antennary, core substituted with fucose; G1F: asialo-, mono-galactosylated bi-antennary, core substituted with fucose; G2F: asialo-, bi-galactosylated bi-antennary, core substituted with fucose; G0: asialo-, agalacto-, bi-antennary; Man5: oligomannose 5; Man8: oligomannose 8; TriF: asialo-, tri-galactosylated tri-antennary, core substituted with fucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - L Andrew Lee
- Integrated Micro-Chromatography Systems, Inc, Irmo, SC, USA
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18
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Apostol I, Bondarenko PV, Ren D, Semin DJ, Wu CH, Zhang Z, Goudar CT. Enabling development, manufacturing, and regulatory approval of biotherapeutics through advances in mass spectrometry. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 71:206-215. [PMID: 34508981 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapid technological advances have significantly improved the capability, versatility, and robustness of mass spectrometers which has led to them playing a central role in the development, characterization, and regulatory filings of biopharmaceuticals. Their application spans the entire continuum of drug development, starting with discovery research through product development, characterization, and marketing authorization and continues well into product life cycle management. The scope of application extends beyond traditional protein characterization and includes elements like clone selection, cell culture physiology and bioprocess optimization, investigation support, and process analytical technology. More recently, advances in the MS-based multi-attribute method are enabling the introduction of MS in a cGMP environment for routine release and stability testing. While most applications of MS to date have been for monoclonal antibodies, the successes and learnings should translate to the characterization of next-gen biotherapeutics where modalities like multispecifics could be more prevalent. In this review, we describe the most significant advances in MS and correlate them to the broad spectrum of applications to biotherapeutic development. We anticipate rapid technological improvements to continue that will further accelerate widespread deployment of MS, thereby elevating our overall understanding of product quality and enabling attribute-focused product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izydor Apostol
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Pavel V Bondarenko
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Da Ren
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - David J Semin
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Chao-Hsiang Wu
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Zhongqi Zhang
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Chetan T Goudar
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States.
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19
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Dykstra AB, Flick TG, Lee B, Blue LE, Angell N. Chip-Based Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Resolution and Quantitation of Critical Quality Attributes in Protein Biotherapeutics. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1952-1963. [PMID: 33730487 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aspiration of the multi-attribute method (MAM) is to utilize a single mass spectrometry-based method that can measure multiple attributes simultaneously, thus enabling data-driven decisions more quickly and efficiently. However, challenges associated with identifying and quantitating critical quality attributes such as asparagine deamidation and isoaspartic acid using conventional ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry have necessitated long gradients to ensure sufficient separation for quantitation. Microfluidic chip-based capillary zone electrophoresis mass spectrometry (CZE-MS) shows potential to enable rapid charge-based separation of peptide mixtures, and this approach was evaluated using multipeptide mixtures of synthetic peptides as well as digested protein therapeutics. In these experiments, repeatability, linearity, and peak-to-peak resolution of several peptide families containing asparagine deamidation and/or isoaspartic acid were demonstrated. In addition, a comparison of peptide map results acquired with both UHPLC-MS and CZE-MS for two enzymatically digested biological therapeutics showed comparable sequence coverage and quantitation results between the two approaches. As MAM becomes increasingly utilized for analysis of biological therapeutics, MS instrument demand will rapidly increase, resulting in a bottleneck. A CZE-based separation shows potential to alleviate this bottleneck by drastically increasing MAM throughput while providing results comparable to those acquired using conventional UHPLC separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Dykstra
- Department of Attribute Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Tawnya G Flick
- Department of Attribute Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Burton Lee
- Department of Attribute Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Laura E Blue
- Department of Attribute Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Nic Angell
- Department of Attribute Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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20
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Jakes C, Millán-Martín S, Carillo S, Scheffler K, Zaborowska I, Bones J. Tracking the Behavior of Monoclonal Antibody Product Quality Attributes Using a Multi-Attribute Method Workflow. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1998-2012. [PMID: 33513021 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The multi-attribute method (MAM) is a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based method that is used to directly characterize and monitor many product quality attributes and impurities on biotherapeutics, most commonly at the peptide level. It utilizes high-resolution accurate mass spectral data which are analyzed in an automated fashion. MAM is a promising approach that is intended to replace or supplement several conventional assays with a single LC-MS analysis and can be implemented in a Current Good Manufacturing Practice environment. MAM provides accurate site-specific quantitation information on targeted attributes and the nontargeted new peak detection function allows to detect new peaks as impurities, modifications, or sequence variants when comparing to a reference sample. The high resolution MAM workflow was applied here for three independent case studies. First, to monitor the behavior of monoclonal antibody product quality attributes over the course of a 12-day cell culture experiment providing an insight into the behavior and dynamics of product attributes throughout the process. Second, the workflow was applied to test the purity and identity of a product through analysis of samples spiked with host cell proteins. Third, through the comparison of a drug product and a biosimilar with known sequence variants. The three case studies presented here, clearly demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the MAM workflow that implies suitability for deployment in the regulated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Jakes
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Co., Dublin, A94 X099 Ireland
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Silvia Millán-Martín
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Co., Dublin, A94 X099 Ireland
| | - Sara Carillo
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Co., Dublin, A94 X099 Ireland
| | - Kai Scheffler
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dornierstrasse 4, 82110 Germering, Germany
| | - Izabela Zaborowska
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Co., Dublin, A94 X099 Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Co., Dublin, A94 X099 Ireland
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
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21
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Zhang Z, Chan PK, Richardson J, Shah B. An evaluation of instrument types for mass spectrometry-based multi-attribute analysis of biotherapeutics. MAbs 2021; 12:1783062. [PMID: 32643531 PMCID: PMC7531562 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1783062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-attribute methods (MAM), based on proteolytic digestion followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of proteolytic peptides, have gained substantial attention in the biopharmaceutical industry for quantifying a variety of quality attributes for therapeutic proteins. Most MAM developed so far have been based on high-resolution mass spectrometers, due to their superb resolving power to distinguish analyte signals from interferences. Lower-resolution instruments, if demonstrated suitable, may further promote the adoption of the technology due to their low cost, small footprint, and ease of use. In this work, we compared the performance of a high-resolution instrument with a few low-resolution quadrupole-type instruments in quantifying a diverse set of quality attributes in a monoclonal antibody product. Different modes of operation for the quadrupole instruments, including scan mode, selected-ion monitoring and multiple-reaction monitoring, were evaluated. The high-resolution instrument has superb performance, with a quantitation limit of 0.002%. Single-quadrupole instruments in scan mode, on the other hand, provide a quantitation limit of about 1%, which may be fit-for-purpose for many routine MAM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Zhang
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc ., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Pik K Chan
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc ., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Bhavana Shah
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc ., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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22
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Karki R, Rimal S, Rieth MD. Predicted N-terminal N-linked glycosylation sites may underlie membrane protein expression patterns in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 2021; 38:497-506. [PMID: 34182612 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is one type of posttranslational modification that proteins undergo during expression. The following describes the effects of N-linked glycosylation on high-level membrane protein expression in yeast with an emphasis on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. N-linked glycosylation is highlighted here as an important consideration when preparing membrane protein gene constructs for expression in S. cerevisiae, which continues to be used as a workhorse in both research and industrial applications. Non-native N-linked glycosylation commonly occurs during the heterologous expression of mammalian proteins in many yeast species which can have important immunological consequences when used in the production of biotherapeutic proteins or peptides. Further, non-native N-linked glycosylation can lead to improper protein folding and premature degradation, which can impede high-level expression yields and hinder downstream analysis. Multiple strategies are presented in this article, which suggest different methods that can be implemented to circumvent the unwanted consequences of N-linked glycosylation during the expression process. These considerations may have long-term benefits for high-level protein production in S. cerevisiae across a broad spectrum of expression targets with special emphasis placed on G-protein coupled receptors, one of the largest families of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Karki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Swechha Rimal
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
| | - Monica D Rieth
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
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23
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Evans AR, Hebert AS, Mulholland J, Lewis MJ, Hu P. ID-MAM: A Validated Identity and Multi-Attribute Monitoring Method for Commercial Release and Stability Testing of a Bispecific Antibody. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9166-9173. [PMID: 34161073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) that impact the safety or efficacy of protein therapeutics are critical quality attributes (CQAs) that need to be controlled to ensure product quality. Peptide mapping with online mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool that has been used for many years to monitor PTM CQAs during product development. However, operating peptide mapping methods with high-resolution mass spectrometers in GMP compliant, commercial quality control (QC) labs can be difficult. Peptide mapping is also required as an identity test in several countries. To address these two different needs, we utilized high-resolution peptide mapping for comprehensive characterization during development and then developed and validated a targeted multi-attribute monitoring (MAM) method using the low-resolution Waters QDa MS system with a fully automated data processing workflow that is suitable for identity (ID) testing, sequence variant control, and CQA quantitation in commercial QC labs. The ID-MAM method was validated for the quantitation of three selected PTM CQAs (CDR isomerization, Fc Met oxidation, and CDR Met oxidation) to ensure control of the oxidation and isomerization degradation pathways of a bispecific antibody (BsAb). This ID-MAM method was successfully validated in six labs (three analytical development and three QC labs) across four countries for commercial release and stability testing of a BsAb. CQA results obtained with the ID-MAM method were similar to results obtained using high-resolution peptide mapping, and the method was robust and reproducible. To our knowledge, this ID-MAM method is the first MS-based peptide mapping method implemented in GMP compliant QC labs for commercial release and stability testing of a biotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Evans
- BioTherapeutics Development & Supply-Analytical Development, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Alexander S Hebert
- BioTherapeutics Development & Supply-Analytical Development, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Joseph Mulholland
- BioTherapeutics Development & Supply-Analytical Development, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Michael J Lewis
- BioTherapeutics Development & Supply-Analytical Development, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Ping Hu
- BioTherapeutics Development & Supply-Analytical Development, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
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24
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Pang KT, Tay SJ, Wan C, Walsh I, Choo MSF, Yang YS, Choo A, Ho YS, Nguyen-Khuong T. Semi-Automated Glycoproteomic Data Analysis of LC-MS Data Using GlycopeptideGraphMS in Process Development of Monoclonal Antibody Biologics. Front Chem 2021; 9:661406. [PMID: 34084765 PMCID: PMC8167043 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.661406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosylation of antibody-based proteins is vital in translating the right therapeutic outcomes of the patient. Despite this, significant infrastructure is required to analyse biologic glycosylation in various unit operations from biologic development, process development to QA/QC in bio-manufacturing. Simplified mass spectrometers offer ease of operation as well as the portability of method development across various operations. Furthermore, data analysis would need to have a degree of automation to relay information back to the manufacturing line. We set out to investigate the applicability of using a semiautomated data analysis workflow to investigate glycosylation in different biologic development test cases. The workflow involves data acquisition using a BioAccord LC-MS system with a data-analytical tool called GlycopeptideGraphMS along with Progenesis QI to semi-automate glycoproteomic characterisation and quantitation with a LC-MS1 dataset of a glycopeptides and peptides. Data analysis which involved identifying glycopeptides and their quantitative glycosylation was performed in 30 min with minimal user intervention. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the antibody and biologic glycopeptide assignment in various scenarios akin to biologic development activities, we demonstrate the effectiveness in the filtering of IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses from human serum IgG as well as innovator drugs trastuzumab and adalimumab and glycoforms by virtue of their glycosylation pattern. We demonstrate a high correlation between conventional released glycan analysis with fluorescent tagging and glycopeptide assignment derived from GraphMS. GraphMS workflow was then used to monitor the glycoform of our in-house trastuzumab biosimilar produced in fed-batch cultures. The demonstrated utility of GraphMS to semi-automate quantitation and qualitative identification of glycopeptides proves to be an easy data analysis method that can complement emerging multi-attribute monitoring (MAM) analytical toolsets in bioprocess environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuin Tian Pang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Shi Jie Tay
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Corrine Wan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Ian Walsh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Matthew S F Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Yuan Sheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Andre Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Ying Swan Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Terry Nguyen-Khuong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Queenstown, Singapore
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25
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Mouchahoir T, Schiel JE, Rogers R, Heckert A, Place BJ, Ammerman A, Li X, Robinson T, Schmidt B, Chumsae CM, Li X, Manuilov AV, Yan B, Staples GO, Ren D, Veach AJ, Wang D, Yared W, Sosic Z, Wang Y, Zang L, Leone AM, Liu P, Ludwig R, Tao L, Wu W, Cansizoglu A, Hanneman A, Adams GW, Perdivara I, Walker H, Wilson M, Brandenburg A, DeGraan-Weber N, Gotta S, Shambaugh J, Alvarez M, Yu XC, Cao L, Shao C, Mahan A, Nanda H, Nields K, Nightlinger N, Barysz HM, Jahn M, Niu B, Wang J, Leo G, Sepe N, Liu YH, Patel BA, Richardson D, Wang Y, Tizabi D, Borisov OV, Lu Y, Maynard EL, Gruhler A, Haselmann KF, Krogh TN, Sönksen CP, Letarte S, Shen S, Boggio K, Johnson K, Ni W, Patel H, Ripley D, Rouse JC, Zhang Y, Daniels C, Dawdy A, Friese O, Powers TW, Sperry JB, Woods J, Carlson E, Sen KI, Skilton SJ, Busch M, Lund A, Stapels M, Guo X, Heidelberger S, Kaluarachchi H, McCarthy S, Kim J, Zhen J, Zhou Y, Rogstad S, Wang X, Fang J, Chen W, Yu YQ, Hoogerheide JG, Scott R, Yuan H. New Peak Detection Performance Metrics from the MAM Consortium Interlaboratory Study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:913-928. [PMID: 33710905 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Multi-Attribute Method (MAM) Consortium was initially formed as a venue to harmonize best practices, share experiences, and generate innovative methodologies to facilitate widespread integration of the MAM platform, which is an emerging ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry application. Successful implementation of MAM as a purity-indicating assay requires new peak detection (NPD) of potential process- and/or product-related impurities. The NPD interlaboratory study described herein was carried out by the MAM Consortium to report on the industry-wide performance of NPD using predigested samples of the NISTmAb Reference Material 8671. Results from 28 participating laboratories show that the NPD parameters being utilized across the industry are representative of high-resolution MS performance capabilities. Certain elements of NPD, including common sources of variability in the number of new peaks detected, that are critical to the performance of the purity function of MAM were identified in this study and are reported here as a means to further refine the methodology and accelerate adoption into manufacturer-specific protein therapeutic product life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Mouchahoir
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - John E Schiel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Rich Rogers
- Just - Evotech Biologics, 401 Terry Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Alan Heckert
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Benjamin J Place
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Aaron Ammerman
- AbbVie, 1500 Seaport Boulevard, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- AbbVie, 1500 Seaport Boulevard, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Tom Robinson
- AbbVie, 1500 Seaport Boulevard, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Brian Schmidt
- AbbVie, 1500 Seaport Boulevard, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Chris M Chumsae
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Xinbi Li
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Anton V Manuilov
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Bo Yan
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Gregory O Staples
- Agilent Technologies, 5301 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95008, United States
| | - Da Ren
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Alexander J Veach
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Dongdong Wang
- BioAnalytix, 790 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wael Yared
- BioAnalytix, 790 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zoran Sosic
- Biogen, 125 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Biogen, 125 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Li Zang
- Biogen, 125 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Anthony M Leone
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Peiran Liu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Richard Ludwig
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Li Tao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Wei Wu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Ahmet Cansizoglu
- Charles River Laboratories, 8 Henshaw Street, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Andrew Hanneman
- Charles River Laboratories, 8 Henshaw Street, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Greg W Adams
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Lane, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Irina Perdivara
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Lane, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Hunter Walker
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Lane, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Margo Wilson
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Lane, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | | | - Nick DeGraan-Weber
- Genedata, 750 Marrett Road, One Cranberry Hill, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
| | - Stefano Gotta
- Genedata, Margarethenstrasse 38, Basel 4053, Switzerland
| | - Joe Shambaugh
- Genedata, 750 Marrett Road, One Cranberry Hill, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
| | - Melissa Alvarez
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - X Christopher Yu
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Li Cao
- GSK, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Chun Shao
- GSK, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Andrew Mahan
- Janssen, 1400 McKean Road, Springhouse, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Hirsh Nanda
- Janssen, 1400 McKean Road, Springhouse, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kristen Nields
- Janssen, 1400 McKean Road, Springhouse, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Nancy Nightlinger
- Just - Evotech Biologics, 401 Terry Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | | | - Michael Jahn
- Lonza, Hochbergerstrasse 60 A, Basel 4057, Switzerland
| | - Ben Niu
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Jihong Wang
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Gabriella Leo
- EMD Serono, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Luigi Einaudi 11, Guidonia Montecelio (Roma) 00012, Italy
| | - Nunzio Sepe
- EMD Serono, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Luigi Einaudi 11, Guidonia Montecelio (Roma) 00012, Italy
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Roa, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Bhumit A Patel
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Roa, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Douglas Richardson
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Roa, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Roa, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Daniela Tizabi
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Oleg V Borisov
- Novavax, Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Yali Lu
- Novavax, Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Ernest L Maynard
- Novavax, Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Letarte
- Pfizer, 375 North Field Drive, Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Sean Shen
- Pfizer, 375 North Field Drive, Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Kristin Boggio
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Keith Johnson
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Wenqin Ni
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Himakshi Patel
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - David Ripley
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Jason C Rouse
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Carly Daniels
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Andrew Dawdy
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Olga Friese
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Thomas W Powers
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Justin B Sperry
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Josh Woods
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Eric Carlson
- Protein Metrics, Inc., 20863 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Cupertino, California 95014, United States
| | - K Ilker Sen
- Protein Metrics, Inc., 20863 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Cupertino, California 95014, United States
| | - St John Skilton
- Protein Metrics, Inc., 20863 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Cupertino, California 95014, United States
| | - Michelle Busch
- Sanofi, 1 The Mountain Road, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Anders Lund
- Sanofi, 1 The Mountain Road, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Martha Stapels
- Sanofi, 1 The Mountain Road, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Xu Guo
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4 V8, Canada
| | | | | | - Sean McCarthy
- SCIEX, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - John Kim
- Teva, 145 Brandywine Pkwy, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Jing Zhen
- Teva, 145 Brandywine Pkwy, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Ying Zhou
- Teva, 145 Brandywine Pkwy, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Sarah Rogstad
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Xiaoshi Wang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Jing Fang
- Waters, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Weibin Chen
- Waters, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Ying Qing Yu
- Waters, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Scott
- Zoetis, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Hua Yuan
- Zoetis, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
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26
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Song YE, Dubois H, Hoffmann M, D́Eri S, Fromentin Y, Wiesner J, Pfenninger A, Clavier S, Pieper A, Duhau L, Roth U. Automated mass spectrometry multi-attribute method analyses for process development and characterization of mAbs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1166:122540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Camperi J, Goyon A, Guillarme D, Zhang K, Stella C. Multi-dimensional LC-MS: the next generation characterization of antibody-based therapeutics by unified online bottom-up, middle-up and intact approaches. Analyst 2021; 146:747-769. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01963a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review presents an overview of current analytical trends in antibody characterization by multidimensional LC-MS approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Camperi
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry
- Genentech Inc
- South San Francisco
- USA
| | - Alexandre Goyon
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry
- Genentech Inc
- South San Francisco
- USA
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- 1206 Geneva
- Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO)
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry
- Genentech Inc
- South San Francisco
- USA
| | - Cinzia Stella
- Department of Protein Analytical Chemistry
- Genentech Inc
- South San Francisco
- USA
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28
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Zhuo Y, Keire DA, Chen K. Minor N-Glycan Mapping of Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutics Using Middle-Down NMR Spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:441-450. [PMID: 33305950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The N-glycosylation pattern of Asn-297 may have impacts on monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug plasma clearance, antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Notably, the changes in the relative abundance of certain minor glycans, like the afucosylation, high-mannose, or galactosylation are known to change mAb properties and functions. Here, a middle-down NMR spectroscopy based analytical procedure was applied to assess the composition and structure of glycans on adalimumab and trastuzumab without glycan cleavage from the mAbs. The anomeric 2D 1H-13C spectra showed distinct patterns that could be used to profile and differentiate mAb glycan compositions. Specifically, the anomeric C1/H1 resonances from N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc2 and -5) and mannose (Man4) were identified as characteristic peaks for key glycan anomeric linkages and branching states. They were also utilized for measuring the relative abundance of minor glycans of total afucosylation (aFuc%), high mannose (HM%), and branch specific galactosylation (Gal1-3% and Gal1-6%). The obtained total aFuc% value of 11-12% was similar between the two mAbs; however, trastuzumab had significantly lower level of high mannose and a higher level of galactosylation than adalimumab. Overall, the 2D-NMR measurements provided functionally relevant mAb glycan composition and structure information. The method was deemed fit-for-purpose for assessment of these mAb quality attributes and involved fewer chemical preparation steps than the classical approaches that cleave glycans prior to making measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhuo
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - David A Keire
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Kang Chen
- Division of Complex Drug Analysis, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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29
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Simultaneous Monitoring and Comparison of Multiple Product Quality Attributes for Cell Culture Processes at Different Scales Using a LC/MS/MS Based Multi-Attribute Method. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3319-3329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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30
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Buettner A, Maier M, Bonnington L, Bulau P, Reusch D. Multi-Attribute Monitoring of Complex Erythropoetin Beta Glycosylation by GluC Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Peptide Mapping. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7574-7580. [PMID: 32426963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoetin (EPO) is an important biopharmaceutical mainly used for the treatment of anemia. It is highly heterogeneous because of common amino acid chemical degradations known to occur in protein therapeutics (e.g., oxidation and deamidation) and its complex glycosylation profile. Recently, multi-attribute monitoring (MAM), i.e., the quantification of multiple post-translational and chemical modifications in a single peptide mapping liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based method, has received increased attention for the analysis of antibody-like biotherapeutic proteins. In this study, an MAM method for examination of residue-specific glycan profiles of EPO was established. The MAM method, by virtue of the increased sensitivity and selectivity provided with LC-MS, yielded additional site-specific information not afforded by the conventional quality control (QC) methods. Low abundant glycans as well as additional post-translational and chemical modifications could also be simultaneously detected by the MAM method. Our results demonstrate that desialylated N-oligosaccharides (DeNO) and N-acetylneuraminic acids (Neu5Ac) could be monitored by the developed MAM approach with data readout highly comparable to QC methods, while differences were observed for charge isoform distribution. In summary, the comparative data obtained demonstrate that MAM by LC-MS peptide mapping can, in principle, adequately replace selected QC methods and would add value to the in-process control and release testing strategy of EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Buettner
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Maria Maier
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Lea Bonnington
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Patrick Bulau
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg 82377, Germany
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31
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Wang D, Nowak C, Mason B, Katiyar A, Liu H. Analytical artifacts in characterization of recombinant monoclonal antibody therapeutics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 183:113131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Rapid Intact mass based multi-attribute method in support of mAb upstream process development. J Biotechnol 2020; 314-315:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Sokolowska I, Mo J, Rahimi Pirkolachahi F, McVean C, Meijer LAT, Switzar L, Balog C, Lewis MJ, Hu P. Implementation of a High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Method in Quality Control Laboratories for Release and Stability Testing of a Commercial Antibody Product. Anal Chem 2019; 92:2369-2373. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sokolowska
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Jingjie Mo
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Fatie Rahimi Pirkolachahi
- Janssen Supply Chain One Lab, Janssen Biologics BV, Einsteinweg 101, 2333 CB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carol McVean
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Lars A. T. Meijer
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Biologics BV, Einsteinweg 101, 2333 CB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Switzar
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Biologics BV, Einsteinweg 101, 2333 CB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Crina Balog
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Biologics BV, Einsteinweg 101, 2333 CB Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Lewis
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Ping Hu
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
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34
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Duivelshof BL, Jiskoot W, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D, D’Atri V. Glycosylation of biosimilars: Recent advances in analytical characterization and clinical implications. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1089:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Perdomo-Abúndez FC, Vallejo-Castillo L, Vázquez-Leyva S, López-Morales CA, Velasco-Velázquez M, Pavón L, Pérez-Tapia SM, Medina-Rivero E. Development and validation of a mass spectrometric method to determine the identity of rituximab based on its microheterogeneity profile. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1139:121885. [PMID: 31806401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Analytical methods have been considered the "eyes" for development, characterization and batch releasing of biotherapeutics over the past 40 years. One of the most powerful analytical platform for biotherapeutic analysis is mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (LC-MS). Due to its wide flexibility and instrumental configurations, LC-MS can determine different physicochemical attributes of proteins, e.g. molecular mass, primary sequence, and posttranslational modifications. Intact molecular mass analysis of therapeutic proteins is essential to confirm their identity. Analytical methods must be validated to support drug quality information during its approval process. Although there are international guidelines that provide general information on validation of analytical methods, practical examples about the design, selection of validation attributes and acceptance criteria of identity LC-MS methods are scarce. Here, according to the recommendations of Q2R1 ICH guideline, we showcase the validation of an LC-MS-TOF method to identity rituximab by determining its intact and deglycosylated molecular mass profiles. The proposed method specifically identified the m/z profile and deconvoluted mass profile of rituximab from deglycosylated rituximab and from excipient blank (specificity) with a maximum error of 76.63 ppm (accuracy) and a maximum Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of 0.00315% (precision). Besides, the system suitability test, which was based on the expected mass value of the mass calibrator, confirmed the reliability of the analytical results. In summary, validation showed that the proposed method is suitable for identifying rituximab based on its glycosylated (intact) and deglycosylated mass profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco C Perdomo-Abúndez
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Luis Vallejo-Castillo
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Said Vázquez-Leyva
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Carlos A López-Morales
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Marco Velasco-Velázquez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Unidad Periférica de Investigación en Biomedicina Translacional (CMN 20 de noviembre, ISSSTE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico.
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
| | - Emilio Medina-Rivero
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
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36
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Rogstad S, Yan H, Wang X, Powers D, Brorson K, Damdinsuren B, Lee S. Multi-Attribute Method for Quality Control of Therapeutic Proteins. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14170-14177. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rogstad
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, CDER, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Haoheng Yan
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, CDER, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Xiaoshi Wang
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, CDER, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - David Powers
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, CDER, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Kurt Brorson
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, CDER, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Bazarragchaa Damdinsuren
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, CDER, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Sau Lee
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, CDER, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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37
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Yang X, Bartlett MG. Glycan analysis for protein therapeutics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1120:29-40. [PMID: 31063953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation can be a critical quality attribute for protein therapeutics due to its extensive impact on product safety and efficacy. Glycan characterization is important in the process of protein drug development, from early stage candidate selection to late stage regulatory submission. It is also an indispensable part in the evaluation of biosimilarity. This review discusses the effects of glycosylation on the stability and activity of protein therapeutics, regulatory considerations corresponding to manufacturing and structural characterization of glycosylated protein therapeutics, and focuses on mass spectrometry compatible separation methods for glycan characterization of protein therapeutics. These approaches include hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, reversed-phase liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, porous graphitic carbon liquid chromatography and two-dimensional liquid chromatography. Advances and novelties in each separation method, as well as associated challenges and limitations, are discussed at the released glycan, glycopeptide, glycoprotein subunit and intact glycoprotein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2352, United States of America
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2352, United States of America.
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38
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Zhang Z, Shah B, Guan X. Reliable LC-MS Multiattribute Method for Biotherapeutics by Run-Time Response Calibration. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5252-5260. [PMID: 30916552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge of a mass-spectrometry-based quantitative multiattribute method (MAM) for biotherapeutics is its high variability between instruments. For reproducible attribute measurements, not only is a similar instrument model required, but the instruments must also be tuned to the same condition. This poses great long-term challenges, considering the rapid development of new instrumentations. In addition, differences in digestion efficiency, peptide recovery, and artificial modifications during sample preparation also contribute to variability between laboratories. To overcome these challenges, new mathematical methods are developed to calculate the attribute abundance in the sample, using the reference standard (RS) material as calibrant. Most quality attributes in the RS remain constant throughout the life of the standard, and therefore, the RS can serve as a calibrant to correct for the difference between instruments or sample preparation procedures. Because RS data are usually collected in a MAM assay, no additional work is required from the analyst. Data from a large number of attributes demonstrated that these methodologies greatly reduced instrument-to-instrument and sample preparation variabilities. With these methodologies, a consistent instrument model and sample preparation procedure is no longer a requirement. As a result, changes in digestion procedure and advances in instrumentations will not significantly affect the assay result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Zhang
- Process Development , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , California 91320 , United States
| | - Bhavana Shah
- Process Development , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , California 91320 , United States
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Process Development , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , California 91320 , United States
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39
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Liu P, Zhu X, Wu W, Ludwig R, Song H, Li R, Zhou J, Tao L, Leone AM. Subunit mass analysis for monitoring multiple attributes of monoclonal antibodies. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:31-40. [PMID: 30286260 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Multi-Attribute Methods (MAMs) are appealing due to their ability to provide data on multiple molecular attributes from a single assay. If fully realized, such tests could reduce the number of assays required to support a product control strategy while providing equivalent or greater product understanding relative to the conventional approach. In doing so, MAMs have the potential to decrease development and manufacturing costs by reducing the number of tests in a release panel. METHODS In this work, we report a MAM which is based on subunit mass analysis. RESULTS The MAM assay is shown to be suitable for use as a combined method for identity testing, glycan profiling, and protein ratio determination for co-formulated monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs. This is achieved by taking advantage of the high mass accuracy and relative quantification capabilities of intact mass analysis using quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS). Protein identification is achieved by comparing the measured masses of light chain (LC) and heavy chain (HC) mAbs against their theoretical values. Specificity is based on instrument mass accuracy. Glycan profiling and relative protein ratios are determined by the relative peak intensities of the protein HC glycoforms and LC glycoforms, respectively. Results for these relative quantifications agree well with those obtained by the conventional hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and reversed-phase LC methods. CONCLUSIONS The suitability of this MAM for use in a quality control setting is demonstrated through assessment specificity for mAb identity, and accuracy, precision, linearity and robustness for glycan profiling and ratio determination. Results from this study indicate that a MAM with subunit mass analysis has the potential to replace three conventional methods widely used for mAb release testing including identification assay, glycosylation profiling, and ratio determination for co-formulated mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Liu
- Molecular and Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, NJ, 08534, USA
| | - Xin Zhu
- Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Molecular and Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, NJ, 08534, USA
| | - Richard Ludwig
- Molecular and Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, NJ, 08534, USA
| | - Hangtian Song
- Molecular and Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, NJ, 08534, USA
| | - Ruojia Li
- Molecular and Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, NJ, 08534, USA
| | - Jiping Zhou
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Li Tao
- Molecular and Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, NJ, 08534, USA
| | - Anthony M Leone
- Molecular and Analytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, NJ, 08534, USA
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40
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Ikegami T. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography for the analysis of biopharmaceutical drugs and therapeutic peptides: A review based on the separation characteristics of the hydrophilic interaction chromatography phases. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:130-213. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ikegami
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Kyoto Japan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Pharmaceutical (Bio-) Analysis; Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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41
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Abstract
Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) uses small stationary-phase particle size (<2 μm) and high pressure in order to achieve rapid and efficient separations. The speed and high resolution of this method has made it a valuable tool for analyzing the complex glycosylation patterns found in post-translationally modified proteins. This article highlights the differences between UHPLC and HPLC and reviews recent UHPLC applications and developments for detecting glycosylated proteins (e.g., glycomics studies) and characterizing glycosylated pharmaceuticals (e.g., monoclonal antibodies).
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42
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Peng J, Patil SM, Keire DA, Chen K. Chemical Structure and Composition of Major Glycans Covalently Linked to Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies by Middle-Down Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11016-11024. [PMID: 30102512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is a critical quality attribute that can impact mAb drug efficacy and safety. The mAb glycans are inherently heterogeneous in chemical structure and composition of monosaccharides. The established fluorescence or mass-spectrometry (MS) detection methods for glycosylation evaluation may require multiple steps of glycan cleavage or extensive digestion of the mAb, chemical labeling of the glycans, column separation and report the chemical identity of glycans indirectly through retention time and molecular weight values. In demonstrating chemical structure similarity and comparability among mAb drugs, orthogonal analytical methods for measuring glycan chemistry are needed to ensure the quality of drug products. Here, a "middle-down" NMR method is developed as a proof-of-concept approach to measure the domain-specific glycosylation of marketed mAb drugs without cleavage of the glycan moieties. Complete glycan 1H/13C chemical shift assignments were obtained at 13C natural abundance from commercial standard glycans that allowed unambiguous determination of the chemical structure, glycosidic linkage position, and anomeric configuration of each monosaccharide in the major N-glycan scaffolds found in mAb molecules. The analysis of glycan anomeric peaks in two-dimensional (2D) 1H-13C NMR spectra yielded metrics for clinically important mAb quality attributes (i.e., galactosylation (Gal%) and fucosylation (Fuc%)), consistent with literature results using a standard glycan-mapping method. Therefore, the middle-down NMR method provided a facile orthogonal measurement for mAb glycosylation characterization with improved chemical information content on glycan structure determination and quantification, compared to standard approaches.
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43
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Háda V, Bagdi A, Bihari Z, Timári SB, Fizil Á, Szántay C. Recent advancements, challenges, and practical considerations in the mass spectrometry-based analytics of protein biotherapeutics: A viewpoint from the biosimilar industry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:214-238. [PMID: 30205300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The extensive analytical characterization of protein biotherapeutics, especially of biosimilars, is a critical part of the product development and registration. High-resolution mass spectrometry became the primary analytical tool used for the structural characterization of biotherapeutics. Its high instrumental sensitivity and methodological versatility made it possible to use this technique to characterize both the primary and higher-order structure of these proteins. However, even by using high-end instrumentation, analysts face several challenges with regard to how to cope with industrial and regulatory requirements, that is, how to obtain accurate and reliable analytical data in a time- and cost-efficient way. New sample preparation approaches, measurement techniques and data evaluation strategies are available to meet those requirements. The practical considerations of these methods are discussed in the present review article focusing on hot topics, such as reliable and efficient sequencing strategies, minimization of artefact formation during sample preparation, quantitative peptide mapping, the potential of multi-attribute methodology, the increasing role of mass spectrometry in higher-order structure characterization and the challenges of MS-based identification of host cell proteins. On the basis of the opportunities in new instrumental techniques, methodological advancements and software-driven data evaluation approaches, for the future one can envision an even wider application area for mass spectrometry in the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Háda
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary.
| | - Attila Bagdi
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bihari
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary
| | | | - Ádám Fizil
- Analytical Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szántay
- Spectroscopic Research Department, Gedeon Richter Plc, Hungary.
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44
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Mouchahoir T, Schiel JE. Development of an LC-MS/MS peptide mapping protocol for the NISTmAb. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2111-2126. [PMID: 29411091 PMCID: PMC5830484 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptide mapping is a component of the analytical toolbox used within the biopharmaceutical industry to aid in the identity confirmation of a protein therapeutic and to monitor degradative events such as oxidation or deamidation. These methods offer the advantage of providing site-specific information regarding post-translational and chemical modifications that may arise during production, processing or storage. A number of such variations may also be induced by the sample preparation methods themselves which may confound the ability to accurately evaluate the true modification levels. One important focus when developing a peptide mapping method should therefore be the use of sample preparation conditions that will minimize the degree of artificial modifications induced. Unfortunately, the conditions that are amenable to effective reduction, alkylation and digestion are often the same conditions that promote unwanted modifications. Here we describe the optimization of a tryptic digestion protocol used for peptide mapping of the NISTmAb IgG1κ which addresses the challenge of balancing maximum digestion efficiency with minimum artificial modifications. The parameters on which we focused include buffer concentration, digestion time and temperature, as well as the source and type of trypsin (recombinant vs. pancreatic; bovine vs porcine) used. Using the optimized protocol we generated a peptide map of the NISTmAb which allowed us to confirm its identity at the level of primary structure. Graphical abstract Peptide map of the NISTmAb RM 8671 monoclonal antibody. Tryptic digestion was performed using an optimized protocol and followed by LC-UV-MS analysis. The trace represents the total ion chromatogram. Each peak was mapped to peptides identified using mass spectrometry data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Mouchahoir
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - John E Schiel
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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45
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Liu Q, Xie Y, Deng C, Li Y. One-step synthesis of carboxyl-functionalized metal-organic framework with binary ligands for highly selective enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. Talanta 2017; 175:477-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Rogers RS, Abernathy M, Richardson DD, Rouse JC, Sperry JB, Swann P, Wypych J, Yu C, Zang L, Deshpande R. A View on the Importance of “Multi-Attribute Method” for Measuring Purity of Biopharmaceuticals and Improving Overall Control Strategy. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 20:7. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Dada OO, Zhao Y, Jaya N, Salas-Solano O. High-Resolution Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Mass Spectrometry Peptide Mapping of Therapeutic Proteins: Peptide Recovery and Post-translational Modification Analysis in Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11236-11242. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin O. Dada
- Department of Analytical
Sciences, Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30th Drive SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- Department of Analytical
Sciences, Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30th Drive SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Nomalie Jaya
- Department of Analytical
Sciences, Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30th Drive SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Oscar Salas-Solano
- Department of Analytical
Sciences, Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30th Drive SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
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48
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Xu W, Jimenez RB, Mowery R, Luo H, Cao M, Agarwal N, Ramos I, Wang X, Wang J. A Quadrupole Dalton-based multi-attribute method for product characterization, process development, and quality control of therapeutic proteins. MAbs 2017; 9:1186-1196. [PMID: 28805536 PMCID: PMC5627594 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1364326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During manufacturing and storage process, therapeutic proteins are subject to various post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as isomerization, deamidation, oxidation, disulfide bond modifications and glycosylation. Certain PTMs may affect bioactivity, stability or pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics profile and are therefore classified as potential critical quality attributes (pCQAs). Identifying, monitoring and controlling these PTMs are usually key elements of the Quality by Design (QbD) approach. Traditionally, multiple analytical methods are utilized for these purposes, which is time consuming and costly. In recent years, multi-attribute monitoring methods have been developed in the biopharmaceutical industry. However, these methods combine high-end mass spectrometry with complicated data analysis software, which could pose difficulty when implementing in a quality control (QC) environment. Here we report a multi-attribute method (MAM) using a Quadrupole Dalton (QDa) mass detector to selectively monitor and quantitate PTMs in a therapeutic monoclonal antibody. The result output from the QDa-based MAM is straightforward and automatic. Evaluation results indicate this method provides comparable results to the traditional assays. To ensure future application in the QC environment, this method was qualified according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline and applied in the characterization of drug substance and stability samples. The QDa-based MAM is shown to be an extremely useful tool for product and process characterization studies that facilitates facile understanding of process impact on multiple quality attributes, while being QC friendly and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Xu
- a Analytical Sciences, MedImmune , One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg , MD USA
| | - Rod Brian Jimenez
- a Analytical Sciences, MedImmune , One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg , MD USA
| | - Rachel Mowery
- b Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, MedImmune , One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg , MD USA
| | - Haibin Luo
- c Purification Process Sciences, MedImmune ; One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg , MD USA
| | - Mingyan Cao
- a Analytical Sciences, MedImmune , One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg , MD USA
| | - Nitin Agarwal
- b Cell Culture and Fermentation Sciences, MedImmune , One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg , MD USA
| | - Irina Ramos
- c Purification Process Sciences, MedImmune ; One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg , MD USA
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- a Analytical Sciences, MedImmune , One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg , MD USA
| | - Jihong Wang
- a Analytical Sciences, MedImmune , One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg , MD USA
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