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Massonnet P, Grifnée E, Farré-Segura J, Demeuse J, Huyghebaert L, Dubrowski T, Dufour P, Schoumacher M, Peeters S, Le Goff C, Cavalier E. Concise review on the combined use of immunocapture, mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography for clinical applications. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1700-1707. [PMID: 37128992 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunocapture is now a well-established method for sample preparation prior to quantitation of peptides and proteins in complex matrices. This short review will give an overview of some clinical applications of immunocapture methods, as well as protocols with and without enzymatic digestion in a clinical context. The advantages and limitations of both approaches are discussed in detail. Challenges related to the choice of mass spectrometer are also discussed. Top-down, middle-down, and bottom-up approaches are discussed. Even though immunocapture has its limitations, its main advantage is that it provides an additional dimension of separation and/or isolation when working with peptides and proteins. Overall, this short review demonstrates the potential of such techniques in the field of proteomics-based clinical medicine and paves the way for better personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Massonnet
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elodie Grifnée
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jordi Farré-Segura
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Justine Demeuse
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Loreen Huyghebaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Dubrowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrice Dufour
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Stéphanie Peeters
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Le Goff
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Liège, Centre de Recherche Intégré sur les Médicaments (CIRM), Liège, Belgium
- Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Vasicek LA, Spellman DS, Bateman KP. Intact Mass Quantitation of Therapeutic Antibodies for Pharmacokinetic Studies Using Immuno-Purification. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2313:259-268. [PMID: 34478143 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1450-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The quantitation of therapeutic antibodies by mass spectrometry often utilizes a surrogate peptide approach following enzymatic digestion of the antibody. Although this approach has been widely adopted, it is labor intensive with limited throughput in most instances. In addition, this approach can pose challenges when attempting to infer details such as quantity and modification state of the intact analyte. Recent enhancements in instrumentation and sample preparation have enabled quantitation through mass spectrometry detection of the intact protein circumnavigating many limitations of the surrogate peptide approach. Presented here is a method for quantitative analysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) at the fully intact level in a complex pharmacokinetic study. This methodology yielded sensitivity down to 0.1μg/mL from 30μL of a biological sample volume to be utilized across multiple preclinical species without the need for pooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Vasicek
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA.
| | - Daniel S Spellman
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Kevin P Bateman
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
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Prohászka Z, Frazer-Abel A. Complement multiplex testing: Concept, promises and pitfalls. Mol Immunol 2021; 140:120-126. [PMID: 34688958 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Complement is a complex system. This complexity becomes more obvious when looking at complement analysis in health and disease, where one presentation can require a number of measurements to understand the full role of this cascade in the disease. The current state of clinical testing requires multiple tests to cover the whole of the complement cascade. There is a clear potential for multiplex testing to help address this need for comprehensive analysis of the state of complement deficiency, activation or inhibition. Fortunately, there are a number of potential methods for multiplex analysis, each with advantages and disadvantages that need to be considered in light of the intricacy of the complement cascade and its interconnection to other systems. Despite the complexities of such methods several groups have started utilizing multiplex analysis for research and even for diagnostic testing. The potential methods, current successes, and the type of testing that needs to be streamlined are reviewed in this text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Prohászka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, and Research Group for Immunology and Haematology, Semmelweis University- EötvösLoránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ashley Frazer-Abel
- Exsera BioLabs, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Application of middle-down approach in quantitation and catabolite identification of protein by LC-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:465-479. [PMID: 33719526 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To further enhance the detection sensitivity and increase resolving power of top-down intact protein bioanalysis, middle-down approach was explored. Materials & methods: An monoclonal antibody (mAb) was used as a model protein to evaluate quantitative bioanalytical assay performance and a disulfide linked dimer protein was investigated for its pharmacokinetics properties and catabolism in vivo by middle-down approach. Results & Conclusion: For quantitation of the mAb, different subunits generated by middle-down approach provided different level of signal improvement in biological samples with Lc and half Fc giving five-times better sensitivity than intact mAb. For the dimer protein, middle-down analysis by reduction enabled effective differentiation of the unchanged protein and its oxidized form, and clearly elucidated their respective proteolytic catabolites.
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Kang L, Weng N, Jian W. LC–MS bioanalysis of intact proteins and peptides. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4633. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Kang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK)Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson Spring House PA
| | - Naidong Weng
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK)Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson Spring House PA
| | - Wenying Jian
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK)Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson Spring House PA
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Li F, Weng Y, Zhang G, Han X, Li D, Neubert H. Characterization and Quantification of an Fc-FGF21 Fusion Protein in Rat Serum Using Immunoaffinity LC-MS. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:84. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Direct quantitation of therapeutic antibodies for pharmacokinetic studies using immuno-purification and intact mass analysis. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:203-213. [PMID: 30734579 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The quantitation of therapeutic antibodies by MS often utilizes a surrogate peptide approach. Recent enhancements in instrumentation and sample preparation have enabled quantitation by detection of the intact molecule using MS. Methods & Results: A comparison of three methods for quantitative analysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies including analysis after deglycosylation, after hinge digestion and at the fully intact antibody level is reported. The optimized methodology provided sensitivity down to 0.1 μg/ml and a lower limit of quantitation of 0.5 ug/ml from a 30 μl sample volume. Conclusion: Application of this approach to a pharmacokinetic study compared with a conventional surrogate peptide and a ligand-binding assays provided consistent data with direct detection of the dosed molecule.
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Improving selectivity and sensitivity of protein quantitation by LC–HR–MS/MS: determination of somatropin in rat plasma. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1009-1021. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Protein quantitation by digestion of a biological sample followed by LC–MS analysis of a signature peptide can be a challenge because of the high complexity of the digested matrix. Results/methodology: The use of LC with high-resolution (quadrupole-TOF) MS detection allowed quantitation of the 22-kDa biopharmaceutical somatropin in 60 μl of rat plasma down to 25 ng/ml with minimal further sample treatment. Reducing the mass extraction window to 0.01 Da considerably decreased the interference of tryptic peptides, enhanced sensitivity and improved accuracy and precision. Analysis with LC–MS/MS resulted in a less favorable limit of quantitation of 100 ng/ml. Conclusion: HRMS is an interesting option for the quantitation of proteins after digestion and has the potential to improve sensitivity with minimal method development.
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Critical considerations for immunocapture enrichment LC–MS bioanalysis of protein therapeutics and biomarkers. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:987-995. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunocapture enrichment coupled with LC–MS technology has seen more applications for the measurement of low abundant protein therapeutics and biomarkers in biological matrices. In this article, several critical considerations for the application of immunocapture enrichment to LC–MS bioanalysis of protein therapeutics and biomarkers, including reagent selection, reagent characterization, designing of capture format, etc. are discussed. All these considerations are critical in developing reliable and robust bioanalytical assays with high assay specificity and sensitivity. Successful examples using the immunocapture LC–MS approach in the quantification of biotherapeutic and low abundant protein biomarkers will also be discussed.
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Wen CY, Bi JH, Wu LL, Zeng JB. Aptamer-functionalized magnetic and fluorescent nanospheres for one-step sensitive detection of thrombin. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 185:77. [PMID: 29594414 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A one-step sandwich method is described for detecting proteins with magnetic nanospheres (MNs) and fluorescent nanospheres (FNs). Thrombin is selected as a model analyte to validate the method. Two DNA aptamers (Apt 29 and Apt 15 targeting two different exosites of thrombin) are chosen as recognition elements to modify MNs and FNs. The superparamagnetic MN-Apt 29 conjugate is used to separate and concentrate thrombin. The FN-Apt 15 conjugate encapsulates hundreds of fluorescent quantum dots and is used as reporter to provide a stable signal. Magnetic capture and fluorescence identification are performed simultaneously to form a sandwich complex (MN-Apt 29-thrombin-FN-Apt 15) for fluorescence determination (at excitation/emission wavelengths of 380/622 nm). The method is convenient, time saving, and gives a strong signal (compared to the two-step method where capture and identification are performed in two steps). The one-step method presented here is completed within 30 min and has a 3.5 ng·mL-1 (97 pM) detection limit. The method is reproducible, has an intra-assay variability of 1.5%, and an inter-assay variability of 4.9%. Other serum proteins (HSA, CEA, PSA, and AFP) do not interfere. The method was also applied to analyze serum samples. Almost the same fluorescence intensity was measured when analyzing 1% serum samples (compared to buffer samples). Graphical abstract Magnetic nanospheres with excellent superparamagnetic property and fluorescent QD-based nanospheres were prepared and used in a one-step sensitive method for detecting thrombin. The method exhibits good reproducibility, high specificity, and good selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Ying Wen
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis & Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Hui Bi
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Bin Zeng
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China.
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