1
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Wu Y, Gu Q, Wang Z, Tian Z, Liu H, Liu S. Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Imaging Detection of Multiple miRNAs in Single Cells with a Closed Bipolar Electrode Array Chip. Anal Chem 2024; 96:12112-12119. [PMID: 38989957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
In situ sensitive detection of multiple biomarkers in a single cell was highly necessary for understanding the pathogenesis mechanism and facilitating disease diagnosis. Herein, a bipolar electrode (BPE)-electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging chip was designed for ultrasensitive in situ detection of multiple miRNAs in single cells based on a dual-signal amplification strategy. A single cell was trapped and lysed within the microtrap of the cathode chamber and an HCR amplification process and nanoprobes (Fc/DNA/Fe3O4) were introduced, leading to a large number of electroactive molecules (Fc) being modified on the surface. Under a suitable potential, Fc+ in the cathodic chamber was reduced to Fc and L-012 was oxidized in the anodic chamber according to the electric neutrality principle of the bipolar electrode system, resulting in the ECL signal recorded by EMCCD. Ascribed to the dual-signal amplification, sensitive visual detection of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 in single cells was achieved. For MCF-7 cells, miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 were calculated to be 4385 and 1932 copies/cell (median), respectively. For HeLa cells, miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 were calculated to be 1843 and 1012 copies/cell (median), respectively. The comprehensive evaluation of two kinds of miRNA could effectively eliminate error signals, and the detection precision was improved by 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qinglin Gu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Wuxi Institute of Inspection, Testing and Certification, Wuxi 214125, China
| | - Zhaoyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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2
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Knežević S, Han D, Liu B, Jiang D, Sojic N. Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407588. [PMID: 38742673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is rapidly evolving from an analytical method into an optical microscopy. The orthogonality of the electrochemical trigger and the optical readout distinguishes it from classic microscopy and electrochemical techniques, owing to its near-zero background, remarkable sensitivity, and absence of photobleaching and phototoxicity. In this minireview, we summarize the recent advances in ECL imaging technology, emphasizing original configurations which enable the imaging of biological entities and the improvement of the analytical properties by increasing the complexity and multiplexing of bioassays. Additionally, mapping the (electro)chemical reactivity in space provides valuable information on nanomaterials and facilitates deciphering ECL mechanisms for improving their performances in diagnostics and (electro)catalysis. Finally, we highlight the recent achievements in imaging at the ultimate limits of single molecules, single photons or single chemical reactions, and the current challenges to translate the ECL imaging advances to other fields such as material science, catalysis and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Knežević
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Dongni Han
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France
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3
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Wang YZ, Wang LL, Liu Y, Zhang YQ, Li ML, Chen CX, Zhu JW, Yang F, Hu YH. Dual "on-off" signal conversion strategy based on surface plasmon coupling and resonance energy transfer for visual electrochemiluminescence ratiometric analysis of MiRNA-141. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 253:116162. [PMID: 38437748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor with a pair of new ECL emitters and a novel sensing mechanism was designed for the high-sensitivity detection of microRNA-141 (miRNA-141). Sulfur-doped boron nitrogen quantum dots (S-BN QDs) were initially employed to modify the cathode of the bipolar electrode (BPE), while the anode reservoir was [Ir(dfppy)2(bpy)]PF6/TPrA system. The next step involved attaching H1-bound ultra-small WO3-x nanodots (WO3-x NDs) to the S-BN QDs-modified BPE cathode via DNA hybridization. A strong surface plasmon coupling (SPC) effect was observed between S-BN QDs and WO3-x NDs, which allowed for the enhancement of the red and visible ECL emission from S-BN QDs. After target-induced cyclic amplification to produce abundant Zn2+ and Au NPs-DNA3-Au NPs (Au NPs-S3-Au NPs), Zn2+ could cleave DNA at a nucleotide sequence-specific recognition site to release the WO3-x NDs, resulting in the first diminution of cathode ECL signal and the first enhancement of anode ECL signal. Moreover, the ECL signal at cathode decreased for the second time and the emission of [Ir(dfppy)2(bpy)]PF6 was continuously enhanced after the introduction of Au nanoparticles-S3-Au nanoparticles on the cathode surface. Our sensing mode with a dual "on-off" signal conversion strategy shows a good detection capability for miRNAs ranging from 10-17 to 10-10 M, with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 10-17 M, which has great application potential in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Zhu Wang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China.
| | - Ling-Ling Wang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Meng-Li Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Chuan-Xiang Chen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, PR China.
| | - Jia-Wan Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, PR China
| | - Fu Yang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, PR China
| | - Yong-Hong Hu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China.
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4
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Doeven EH, Connell TU, Sinha N, Wenger OS, Francis PS. Electrochemiluminescence of a First-Row d 6 Transition Metal Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319047. [PMID: 38519420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
We report the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of a 3d6 Cr(0) complex ([Cr(LMes)3]; λem=735 nm) with comparable photophysical properties to those of ECL-active complexes of 4d6 or 5d6 precious metal ions. The electrochemical potentials of [Cr(LMes)3] are more negative than those of [Ir(ppy)3] and render the [Cr(LMes)3]* excited state inaccessible through conventional co-reactant ECL with tri-n-propylamine or oxalate. ECL can be obtained, however, through the annihilation route in which potentials sufficient to oxidise and reduce the luminophore are alternately applied. When combined with [Ir(ppy)3] (λem=520 nm), the annihilation ECL of [Cr(LMes)3] was greatly enhanced whereas that of [Ir(ppy)3] was diminished. Under appropriate conditions, the relative intensities of the two spectrally distinct emissions can be controlled through the applied potentials. From this starting point for ECL with 3d6 metal complexes, we discuss some directions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egan H Doeven
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Timothy U Connell
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Narayan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi Kamand, Mandi, 175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul S Francis
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
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Wang YZ, Zhang YQ, Liu Y, Li YR, Li ML, Meng GR, Mi L, Hu YH, Xu JJ. Tripedal DNA Walker as a Signal Amplifier Combined with a Potential-Resolved Multicolor Electrochemiluminescence Strategy for Ultrasensitive Detection of Prostate Cancer Staging Indicators. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5852-5859. [PMID: 38556977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A multicolor electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) array was proposed for the rapid and intuitive analysis of three prostate cancer staging indicators. First, [Irpic-OMe], [Ir(ppy)2(acac)], and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ were applied as blue, green, and red ECL emitters, respectively, whose mixed ECL emission colors covered the whole visible region by varying the applied voltages. Afterward, we designed a simple Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme (MNAzyme)-driven tripedal DNA walker (TD walker) to release three output DNAs. Immediately after, three output DNAs were added to the cathodic reservoirs of the BPE for incubation. After that, we found that the emission colors from the anode of the BPE changed as a driving voltage of 8.0 V was applied, mainly due to changes in the interfacial potential and faradaic currents at the two poles of the BPE. Via optimization of the experimental parameters, cutoff values of such three indicators at different clinical stages could be identified instantly with the naked eye, and standard precision swatches with multiple indicators could be prepared. Finally, in order to precisely determine the prostate cancer stage, the multicolor ECL device was used for clinical analysis, and the resulting images were then compared with standard swatches, laying the way for accurate prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Zhu Wang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Rong Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Li Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Gong-Rui Meng
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Li Mi
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Hong Hu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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6
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Li L, Chen W, Hu X, Tang Z, Wang C, Ju H. Coupled Poly(ethylenimine) Coreactant to Enhance Electrochemiluminescence of Polymer Dots for Array Imaging of Protein Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4308-4313. [PMID: 38418287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Traditional electrochemiluminescent (ECL) bioanalysis suffers from the demand for excessive external coreactants and the damage of reaction intermediates. In this work, a poly(ethylenimine) (PEI)-coupled ECL emitter was proposed by covalently coupling tertiary amine-rich PEI to polymer dots (Pdots). The coupled PEI might act as a highly efficient coreactant to enhance the ECL emission of Pdots through intramolecular electron transfer, reducing the electron transfer distance between emitter and coreactant intermediates and avoiding the disadvantages of traditional ECL systems. Through modification of the PEI-Pdots with tDNA, a sequence partially complementary to cDNA that was complementary to the aptamer of target protein biomarker (aDNA), tDNA-PEI-Pdots were obtained. The biosensors were produced using Au/indium tin oxide (ITO) with an aDNA/cDNA hybrid, and an ECL imaging biosensor array was constructed for ultrasensitive detection of protein biomarkers. Using vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) as a protein model, the proposed ECL imaging method containing two simple incubations with target samples and then tDNA-PEI-Pdots showed a detectable range of 1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 and a detection limit of 0.71 pg mL-1, as well as excellent performance such as low toxicity, high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, good accuracy, and acceptable fabrication reproducibility. The PEI-coupled Pdots provide a new avenue for the design of ECL emitters and the application of ECL imaging in disease biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangfu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Li DY, Chen L, Li CY, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Yang YH, Yang T. Nanoplasmonic biosensors for multicolor visual analysis of acetylcholinesterase activity and drug inhibitor screening in point-of-care testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 247:115912. [PMID: 38096721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
The monitoring of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and the screening of its inhibitors are significance of the diagnosis and drug therapy of nervous diseases. A metal ions-mediated signal amplification strategy was developed for the highly sensitive and multicolor assay of AChE activity and visually screening its drug inhibitors. After the specific reaction between AChE and acetylthiocholine (ATCh), the hydrolysis product thiocholine (TCh) can directly and decompose the α-FeOOH nanorods (NRs) to release amounts of Fe2+, which was regarded as Fenton reagent to efficiently catalyze H2O2 to produce ·OH. Then, the as-formed ·OH can further largely shorten the gold nanobipyramids (Au NBPs), generating a series of palpable color variations. The linear range for AChE activity was 0.01-500.0 U/L with the limit of detection as low as 0.0074 U/L. The vivid visual effects could be easily distinguished for the multicolor assay of AChE activity by naked eye in visible light. To achieve the point-of-care testing, Au NBPs were further assembled on polymeric electrospun nanofibrous films (ENFs) surface as test strips for the easy-to-use test of AChE activity by RGB values with a smartphone. Fascinatingly, this proposed strategy can be used for the visual screening AChE inhibitors or non-inhibitors. Comparing with the clinical drugs (rivastigmine tartrate, and donepezil), some natural alkaloids such as evodiamine, caffeine, camptothecin, and berberine hydrochloride were selected as inhibitor modes to confirm the drug screening capability of this method. This proposed strategy may have great potential in the other disease-related enzymatic biomarkers assay and the rapid screening of drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Yan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Cai Yan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Yun Hui Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Tong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, PR China.
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Wu Y, Gu Q, Wang Z, Tian Z, Wang Z, Liu W, Han J, Liu S. Electrochemiluminescence Analysis of Multiple Glycans on Single Living Cell with a Closed Bipolar Electrode Array Chip. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2165-2172. [PMID: 38284353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The profiling of multiple glycans on a single cell is important for elucidating glycosylation mechanisms and accurately identifying disease states. Herein, we developed a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) array chip for live single-cell trapping and in situ galactose and sialic acid detection with the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method. Methylene blue-DNA (MB-DNA) as well as biotin-DNA (Bio-DNA) codecorated AuNPs were prepared as nanoprobes, which were selectively labeled on the cell surface through chemoselective labeling techniques. The individual cell was captured and labeled in the microtrap of the cathodic chamber, under an appropriate potential, MB molecules on the cellular membrane underwent oxidation, triggering the reduction of [Ru(bpy)3]2+/TPA and consequently generating ECL signals in the anodic chamber. The abundance of MB groups on the single cell enabled selective monitoring of both sialic acid and galactosyl groups with high sensitivity using ECL. The sialic acid and galactosyl content per HepG2 cell were detected to be 0.66 and 0.82 fmol, respectively. Through comprehensive evaluation of these two types of glycans on a single cell, tumor cells, and normal cells could be effectively discriminated and the accuracy of single-cell heterogeneous analysis was improved. Additionally, dynamic monitoring of variations in galactosyl groups on the surface of the single cell was also achieved. This work introduced a straightforward and convenient approach for heterogeneity analysis among single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qinglin Gu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Wuxi Institute of Inspection, Testing and Certification, Wuxi 214125, China
| | - Zhaoyan Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Zhaohan Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jianyu Han
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Huang K, Wang YH, Zhang H, Wang TY, Liu XH, Liu L, Jiang H, Wang XM. Application and outlook of electrochemical technology in single-cell analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115741. [PMID: 37816284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity, especially in some important diseased cells like tumor cells, acts as an invisible driver for disease development like cancer progression in the tumor ecosystem, contributing to differences in the macroscopic and microscopic detection of disease lesions like tumors. Traditional analysis techniques choose group information masked by the mean as the analysis sample, making it difficult to achieve precise diagnosis and target treatment, on which could be shed light via the single-cell level determination/bioanalysis. Hence, in this article we have reviewed the special characteristic differences among various kinds of typical single-cell bioanalysis strategies and electrochemical techniques, and then focused on the recent advance and special bio-applications of electrochemiluminescence and micro-nano electrochemical sensing mediated in single-cell bioimaging & bioanalysis. Especially, we have summarized the relevant research exploration of the possibility to establish the in-situ single-cell electrochemical methods to detect cell heterogeneity through determination of specific biomolecules and bioimaging of some important biological processes. Eventually, this review has explored some important advances of electrochemical single-cell detection techniques for the real-time cellular bioimaging and diagnostics of some disease lesions like tumors. It raises the possibility to provide the specific in-situ platform to exploit the versatile, sensitive, and high-resolution electrochemical single-cell analysis for the promising biomedical applications like rapid tracing of some disease lesions or in vivo bioimaging for precise cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yi Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ting Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiao Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Xue Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Laborda E, López-Asanza J, Molina A. Theoretical Framework and Guidelines for the Cyclic Voltammetry of Closed Bipolar Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17311-17317. [PMID: 37956247 PMCID: PMC10688229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Closed bipolar cells (cBPCs) can offer valuable platforms for the development of electrochemical sensors. On the other hand, such systems are more intricate to model and interpret than conventional systems with a single polarizable interface, with the applied potential "splitting" into two polarized interfaces where two coupled charge transfers take place concomitantly. As a result, the voltammetry of cBPCs shows peculiarities that can be misleading if analyzed under the framework of classic electrochemical cells. In this work, rigorous mathematical solutions are deduced for the cyclic voltammetry (CV) of cBPCs, including the current-potential response, the interfacial potentials, and the interfacial redox concentrations. With such theoretical tools, a comprehensive view of the behavior of cBPCs can be gained, and adequate diagnosis criteria are established on the basis of the shape, magnitude, and position of the CV signal as a function of the scan rate and of the experimental conditions in the anodic and cathodic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Laborda
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International
Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier López-Asanza
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International
Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Angela Molina
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International
Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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11
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Gao X, Ren X, Ai Y, Li M, Zhang B, Zou G. Dual-potential encoded electrochemiluminescence for multiplexed gene assay with one luminophore as tag. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 236:115418. [PMID: 37279619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexed gene assay for simultaneously detecting the multi-targets of nucleic acids is strongly anticipated for the accurate diseases diagnosis and prediction, and all commercial available gene assays for IVD are a kind of single-target assay. Herein, a dual-potential encoded and coreactant-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) strategy is proposed for the multiplexed gene assay, which can be conveniently carried out by directly oxidizing the same luminescent tag of dual-stabilizers-capped CdTe nanocrystals (NCs). The CdTe NCs linked with sulfhydryl-RNA via Cd-S bond merely exhibits one ECL process around 0.32 V with a narrow triggering-potential-window of 0.35 V, while CdTe NCs linked with amino-RNA via amide linkage solely gives off one ECL process around 0.82 V with a narrow triggering-potential-window of 0.30 V. Multiplexing ECL of both sulfhydryl-RNA-functionalized CdTe NCs and amino-RNA-functionalized CdTe NCs can be utilized to simultaneously detect the open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab) and the nucleoprotein (N) genes without crosstalk, in which ECL of sulfhydryl-RNA-functionalized CdTe NCs can dynamically determine ORF1ab from 200 aM to 10 fM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 aM, while ECL of amino-RNA-functionalized CdTe NCs can linearly detect N gene from 5 fM to 1 pM with a LOD of 2 fM. Post-engineering CdTe NCs with RNA in a labeling-bond engineering way would provide a potential-selective and encoded ECL strategy for multiplexed gene assay with one luminophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Yaojia Ai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Mengwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
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12
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Jia YL, Xu CH, Li XQ, Chen HY, Xu JJ. Visual analysis of Alzheimer disease biomarker via low-potential driven bipolar electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1251:340980. [PMID: 36925305 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Developing a simple, economical, and accurate diagnostic method has positive practical significance for the early prevention and intervention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, combining a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) chip with multicolor electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging technology, we constructed a low-voltage driven portable visualized ECL device for the early screening of AD. By introducing parallel resistance, the total resistance of the circuit was greatly reduced. A classical mixture of Ir(ppy)3 and Ru(bpy)32+ was used as multicolor emitters of the anode with TPrA as the co-reactant. Capture of amyloid-β (Aβ) through antigen-antibody recognition, and signal amplification by electroactive covalent organic frameworks (COF) probe at the cathode of BPE caused the significantly increased faradaic current. The electrical balance of the BPE system resulted in the change of the emission color from green to red at the anode. The ECL-BPE sensor shows good reproducibility and high sensitivity with detection limit of 1 pM by naked eye. The driving voltage is 3.0 V, which means the chip could be driven by two fifth batteries. The visualized ECL-BPE sensor provides a promising point-of-care testing (POCT) tool for the screening of Alzheimer's-related diseases in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cong-Hui Xu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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13
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Tao Q, Tang N, OuYang S, Jiang Y, Luo Y, Liu Y, Xiong X. Rapid Visual Screening of OTA Based on Multicolor Electrochemiluminescence. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Gao X, Liu X, Zeng Y, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Zou G. Spectrum-Resolved Electrochemiluminescence to Multiplex the Immunoassay and DNA Probe Assay. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15801-15808. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiancheng Liu
- Shenzhen Lifotronic Technology Co., Ltd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Shenzhen Lifotronic Technology Co., Ltd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Lifotronic Technology Co., Ltd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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15
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Yoo SM, Jeon YM, Heo SY. Electrochemiluminescence Systems for the Detection of Biomarkers: Strategical and Technological Advances. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090738. [PMID: 36140123 PMCID: PMC9496345 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based sensing systems rely on light emissions from luminophores, which are generated by high-energy electron transfer reactions between electrogenerated species on an electrode. ECL systems have been widely used in the detection and monitoring of diverse, disease-related biomarkers due to their high selectivity and fast response times, as well as their spatial and temporal control of luminance, high controllability, and a wide detection range. This review focuses on the recent strategic and technological advances in ECL-based biomarker detection systems. We introduce several sensing systems for medical applications that are classified according to the reactions that drive ECL signal emissions. We also provide recent examples of sensing strategies and technologies based on factors that enhance sensitivity and multiplexing abilities as well as simplify sensing procedures. This review also discusses the potential strategies and technologies for the development of ECL systems with an enhanced detection ability.
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16
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Lv X, Tan F, Miao T, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Cui B, Fang Y. Potential-Resolved Differential Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor Based on Novel Designed IBPHF for Self-Correctable Detection of AFB1. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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17
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Li X, Qin X, Tian Z, Wang K, Xia X, Wu Y, Liu S. Gold Nanowires Array-Based Closed Bipolar Nanoelectrode System for Electrochemiluminescence Detection of α-Fetoprotein on Cell Surface. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7350-7357. [PMID: 35543747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the promising applications of a closed bipolar electrodes (c-BPEs) system in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection of cell adhesion and disease-related biomarkers, here, a gold nanowires array-based c-BPEs system was constructed for cell surface protein detection. Regular and uniform gold nanowires array were prepared by intermittent potentiostatic deposition. Then, two poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) chips with a hole diameter of 2 mm as a reservoir were placed at both sides of Au nanowires array to construct c-BPEs system. Thionine-functionalized silicon dioxide nanoparticles conjugated to antibody (Ab2-Th@SiO2) were used as the electrochemical probe, while [Ru(bpy)3]2+-wrapped SiO2 nanoparticles (Ru(II)@SiO2) were employed as the ECL signal readout. Taking α-fetoprotein (AFP) as model, the gold nanowires array-based c-BPEs system allowed sensitive detection of AFP at a linear range from 0.002 to 50.0 ng/mL and at least 6 living cells ascribing to the synergetic amplification effect at both sensing and reporting chambers. Besides, the amount of AFP expressed by HepG2 cells was calculated to be 6.71 pg/cell. The presented strategy with high sensitivity provided a promising and universal platform for the detection of other cancer cells and disease-related biomarkers (such as proteins, glycan, miRNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhaoyan Tian
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinghua Xia
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yafeng Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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18
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Zhao W, Xu J. Chemical Measurement and Analysis: from Phenomenon to Essence. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Jing‐Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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19
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Zhao J, Chen CX, Zhu JW, Zong HL, Hu YH, Wang YZ. Ultrasensitive and Visual Electrochemiluminescence Ratiometry Based on a Constant Resistor-Integrated Bipolar Electrode for MicroRNA Detection. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4303-4310. [PMID: 35230810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) platform was constructed for detecting the prostate cancer marker microRNA-141 (miRNA-141) on a constant resistor-integrated closed bipolar electrode (BPE). It consisted of two reservoirs and a constant resistor, and both ends were connected to the anode of the driving electrode and the cathode of BPE. The cathode of BPE was modified with boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs), and the anode reservoir was the [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2/TPrA system. After introducing a certain amount of hairpin DNA 3 (H3) and ferrocene-labeled single-stranded DNA (Fc-ssDNA) on the surface of the BNQDs, the ECL emission signal of the BNQDs was difficult to be observed by the naked eye, while [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2 emitted a strong and visible ECL signal. In the presence of the target, bipedal DNA assembled by catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) took away the Fc-ssDNA and the ECL intensity of the BNQDs was enlarged, and as the concentration of miRNA-141 increased to the cutoff value, yellow-green light was visible by the naked eye. Meanwhile, the red emission signal of [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2/TPrA became weakened. Thus, an ultrasensitive "color switch" ECL biosensor for detection of miRNA-141 was constructed and endowed with a wide linear range from 10-17 to 10-7 M and a detection limit of 10-17 M (S/N = 3). This study provides the potential for investigating portable devices in the detection of low-concentration nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, P. R. China.,College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Xiang Chen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wan Zhu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Long Zong
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Hong Hu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Zhu Wang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, P. R. China.,College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
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20
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Ma X, Kang Q, Li M, Fu L, Zou G, Shen D. Sensitive, Signal-Modulation Strategy for Discrimination of ECL Spectra and Investigation of Mutual Interactions of Emitters. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3637-3644. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qi Kang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Li Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dazhong Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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21
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Yang X, Wei Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Qi H, Gao Q, Zhang C. Highly Efficient Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Quenching on Lipid-Coated Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Determination of Proteases. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2305-2312. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China
| | - Yuxi Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China
| | - Zimei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China
| | - Junxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China
| | - Honglan Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China
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22
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Kerr E, Hayne DJ, Soulsby LC, Bawden JC, Blom SJ, Doeven EH, Henderson LC, Hogan CF, Francis PS. A redox-mediator pathway for enhanced multi-colour electrochemiluminescence in aqueous solution. Chem Sci 2022; 13:469-477. [PMID: 35126979 PMCID: PMC8729815 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05609c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The classic and most widely used co-reactant electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reaction of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(ii) ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) and tri-n-propylamine is enhanced by an order of magnitude by fac-[Ir(sppy)3]3- (where sppy = 5'-sulfo-2-phenylpyridinato-C 2,N), through a novel 'redox mediator' pathway. Moreover, the concomitant green emission of [Ir(sppy)3]3-* enables internal standardisation of the co-reactant ECL of [Ru(bpy)3]2+. This can be applied using a digital camera as the photodetector by exploiting the ratio of R and B values of the RGB colour data, providing superior sensitivity and precision for the development of low-cost, portable ECL-based analytical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - David J Hayne
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Lachlan C Soulsby
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Joseph C Bawden
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Steven J Blom
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Egan H Doeven
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Conor F Hogan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia
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23
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Che ZY, Wang XY, Ma X, Ding SN. Bipolar electrochemiluminescence sensors: From signal amplification strategies to sensing formats. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Satoh Y, Ding H, Yang H, Deng Y, Hsueh AJ, Shimizu T, Qiao M, Ma C, Kariya K, Kurihara T, Suzuki H. Wired Microfabricated Electrochemical Systems. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12655-12663. [PMID: 34476942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal wires have been used as an alternative to liquid junctions for the connection of solutions in microfabricated electrochemical devices. They exhibit similar performance to liquid junctions, provided that the interfacial potentials at both ends of the wires were appropriately canceled. Cyclic voltammograms of devices with liquid junctions and metal wires were very similar when no current or a low current flowed through the metal wire between the working and reference electrodes. Iridium wires with iridium oxide at both ends facilitated canceling of the interfacial potentials at either end of the junction particularly well, and were used effectively for voltammetry, amperometry, and potentiometry by adjusting the pH of the solutions in the working and reference electrode compartments to be equal. This approach was used to effectively integrate a reliable common reference electrode between multiple working electrodes and to conduct automated electrochemical control of solution transport in microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusei Satoh
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hanlin Ding
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hao Yang
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yi Deng
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - An-Ju Hsueh
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Mu Qiao
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Chengrui Ma
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Koki Kariya
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kurihara
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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Abstract
Electrochemistry represents an important analytical technique used to acquire and assess chemical information in detail, which can aid fundamental investigations in various fields, such as biological studies. For example, electrochemistry can be used as simple and cost-effective means for bio-marker tracing in applications, such as health monitoring and food security screening. In combination with light, powerful spatially-resolved applications in both the investigation and manipulation of biochemical reactions begin to unfold. In this article, we focus primarily on light-addressable electrochemistry based on semiconductor materials and light-readable electrochemistry enabled by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). In addition, the emergence of multiplexed and imaging applications will also be introduced.
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26
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Bouffier L, Zigah D, Sojic N, Kuhn A. Bipolar (Bio)electroanalysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:65-86. [PMID: 33940930 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-090820-093307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This contribution reviews a selection of the most recent studies on the use of bipolar electrochemistry in the framework of analytical chemistry. Despite the fact that the concept is not new, with several important studies dating back to the middle of the last century, completely novel and very original approaches have emerged over the last decade. This current revival illustrates that scientists still (re)discover some exciting virtues of this approach, which are useful in many different areas, especially for tackling analytical challenges in an unconventional way. In several cases, this "wireless" electrochemistry strategy enables carrying out measurements that are simply not possible with classic electrochemical approaches. This review will hopefully stimulate new ideas and trigger scientists to integrate some aspects of bipolar electrochemistry in their work in order to drive the topic into yet unexplored and eventually completely unexpected directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bouffier
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science, and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France; , , ,
| | - Dodzi Zigah
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science, and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France; , , ,
| | - Neso Sojic
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science, and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France; , , ,
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science, and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France; , , ,
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27
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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based electrochemical biosensors for early cancer diagnosis in vitro. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Xie Q, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Cui H, Lin Z. Pressure‐responsive AuNPs/Polyacrylamide Nanocomposite Hydrogel with Highly Stable and Tunable Electrochemiluminescence Performances. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qunfang Xie
- Department of Cadre's Ward Central Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian 350005 China
| | - Yingzhou Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cadre's Ward Central Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou Fujian 350005 China
| | - Haiyan Cui
- Department of Plastic Surgery Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Putuo District Shanghai 200065 China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
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29
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Adamson NS, Theakstone AG, Soulsby LC, Doeven EH, Kerr E, Hogan CF, Francis PS, Dennany L. Emission from the working and counter electrodes under co-reactant electrochemiluminescence conditions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9770-9777. [PMID: 34349950 PMCID: PMC8293983 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01236c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new approach to explore the potential-dependent multi-colour co-reactant electrochemiluminescence (ECL) from multiple luminophores. The potentials at both the working and counter electrodes, the current between these electrodes, and the emission over cyclic voltammetric scans were simultaneously measured for the ECL reaction of Ir(ppy)3 and either [Ru(bpy)3]2+ or [Ir(df-ppy)2(ptb)]+, with tri-n-propylamine as the co-reactant. The counter electrode potential was monitored by adding a differential electrometer module to the potentiostat. Plotting the data against the applied working electrode potential and against time provided complementary depictions of their relationships. Photographs of the ECL at the surface of the two electrodes were taken to confirm the source of the emissions. This provided a new understanding of these multifaceted ECL systems, including the nature of the counter electrode potential and the possibility of eliciting ECL at this electrode, a mechanism-based rationalisation of the interactions of different metal-complex luminophores, and a previously unknown ECL pathway for the Ir(ppy)3 complex at negative potentials that was observed even in the absence of the co-reactant. Exploration of potential-dependent, multi-colour co-reactant electrochemiluminescence from multiple luminophores at the working and counter electrodes reveals new pathways to emission.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Adamson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University Waurn Ponds 3216 Australia
| | - Ashton G Theakstone
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University Waurn Ponds 3216 Australia
| | - Lachlan C Soulsby
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University Waurn Ponds 3216 Australia
| | - Egan H Doeven
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University Waurn Ponds 3216 Australia .,Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University Waurn Ponds 3216 Australia
| | - Emily Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Waurn Ponds 3216 Australia
| | - Conor F Hogan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Melbourne VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University Waurn Ponds 3216 Australia
| | - Lynn Dennany
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre 99 George Street Glasgow G1 1RD UK
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30
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Masturah binti Fakhruddin S, Ino K, Inoue KY, Nashimoto Y, Shiku H. Bipolar Electrode‐based Electrochromic Devices for Analytical Applications – A Review. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan
| | - Kumi Y. Inoue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan
- Center for Basic Education Faculty of Engineering Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research University of Yamanashi Kofu 400-8511 Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan
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31
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Yang XY, Wang YZ, Wang LL, Zhu JW, Zhao J, Zong HL, Chen CX. Bipolar electrode ratiometric electrochemiluminescence biosensing analysis based on boron nitride quantum dots and biological release system. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 191:113393. [PMID: 34144471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we developed a novel ECL ratiometry on a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) for the sensitively and accurately detection of miRNA-21. High quantum yield and low toxicity BNQDs was synthesized and coated at BPE cathode as an ECL emitter, while the anode of BPE was calibrated via another ECL material, Ir(df-ppy)2(pic) (Firpic). The electron neutrality at both ends of the BPE electrically coupled the reactions on each pole of the BPE. Therefore, one electrochemical sensing reaction could be quantified at one end of the BPE. By the hybridization of target miRNA-21 and hairpin, the glucose blocked in MSNs by the hairpin was released and reacted with glucose oxidase (GOD) to generate H2O2, thereby reducing the ECL signal of the cathode BNQDs/K2S2O8 system and promoting ECL signal of anode Firpic/TPrA. Further, the G-quadruplex formed by unreacted hairpin bases consumed H2O2, which not only recovered the ECL of BNQDs, but also further improved the ECL emission of Firpic. Therefore, the concentration of miRNA-21 could be measured by the ECL ratio of BNQDs and Firpic. The data showed that the detection limit was 10-15 M (S/N = 3) with the linear range of 10-15 M to 10-9 M. The strategy of the BPE-ECL ratio method based on BNQDs showed a good prospect in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, PR China
| | - Yin-Zhu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, PR China.
| | - Ling-Ling Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, PR China
| | - Jia Wan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, PR China
| | - Hui-Long Zong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, PR China
| | - Chuan-Xiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, PR China.
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32
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Pei X, Hu J, Song H, Zhang L, Lv Y. Ratiometric Cataluminescence Sensor of Amine Vapors for Discriminating Meat Spoilage. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6692-6697. [PMID: 33886259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The freshness of meat has always been the focus of attention from consumers and suppliers for health and economic reasons. Usually, amine vapors, as one of the main components of the gas produced in the process of meat spoilage, can be used to monitor meat spoilage. Here, a new ratiometric cataluminescence (CTL) sensor based on energy transfer was developed to identify amine vapors and monitor meat freshness. After Tb doping, amine vapors exhibit a dual-wavelength (490 and 555 nm) property of CTL signals when reacted on the surface of Tb-doped La2O2CO3, and the ratio of I555 to I490 (R555/490) is a unique value for a given analyte within a wide range of concentrations. To illustrate the new sensor, 15 amine vapors were successfully identified using R555/490, including homologues and isomers. Besides, this sensor was used to monitor four meats, and the freshness of meats can be distinguished by cluster analysis successfully. Moreover, further discussion of energy-transfer phenomena and influence factors has facilitating effects on exploring the mechanism of energy transfer at the gas-solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Pei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jiaxi Hu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Hongjie Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.,Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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33
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Tian Z, Wu Y, Shao F, Tang D, Qin X, Wang C, Liu S. Electrofluorochromic Imaging Analysis of Glycan Expression on Living Single Cell with Bipolar Electrode Arrays. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5114-5122. [PMID: 33749243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The in situ glycan profiling of a single tumor cell plays an important role in personalized cancer treatment. Herein, an integrated microfluidic system was designed for living single-cell trapping and real-time monitoring of galactosyl expression on the surface, combining closed bipolar electrode (BPE) arrays and electrofluorochromic (EFC) imaging. Galactosyl groups on human liver cancer HepG2 cells were used as the model analysts, galactose oxidase (GAO) could selectively oxidize hydroxyl sites of galactosyl groups on the cell surface to aldehydes, and then biotin hydrazide (BH) was used to label the aldehydes by aniline-catalyzed hydrazone ligation. With the biotin-avidin system, nanoprobes were finally introduced to the galactosyl groups on the cell surface with avidin as a bridge, which was prepared by simultaneously assembling ferrocene-DNA (Fc-DNA) and biotin-DNA (Bio-DNA) on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) due to their large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity. After a labeled single cell was captured in the anodic microchannel, the Fc groups attached on the cell surface were oxidized under suitable potential, and the nonfluorescent resazurin on the cathode was correspondingly reduced to produce highly fluorescent resorufin, collected by fluorescence confocal microscope. The combination of EFC imaging and BPE realized monitoring galactosyl group expression of 5.0 × 108 molecules per cell. Furthermore, the proposed platform had the ability to distinguish a single cancer cell from a normal cell according to the expression level of galactosyl groups and to dynamically monitor the galactosyl group variation on the cell surface, providing a simple and accessible method for the single-cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Tian
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yafeng Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Fengying Shao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Dezhi Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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34
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Yang XY, Bai YY, Huangfu YY, Guo WJ, Yang YJ, Pang DW, Zhang ZL. Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor Based on Closed Bipolar Electrode for Alkaline Phosphatase Detection in Single Liver Cancer Cell. Anal Chem 2020; 93:1757-1763. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yan Bai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Yue Huangfu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ju Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira L. Rahn
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011-1021, United States
| | - Robbyn K. Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011-1021, United States
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36
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Zheng YT, Zhao BS, Zhang HB, Jia H, Wu M. Colorimetric aptasensor for fumonisin B1 detection by regulating the amount of bubbles in closed bipolar platform. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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37
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Pourghobadi R, Nematollahi D, Baezzat MR, Alizadeh S, Goljani H. Electropolymerization of catechol on wireless graphite electrode. Unusual cathodic polycatechol formation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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38
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Guo R, Hu S, Wang Z. A portable electrochemiluminescence bipolar electrode array for the visualized sensing of Cas9 activity. Analyst 2020; 145:3569-3574. [PMID: 32352098 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 has become a powerful tool for genomic manipulation, and the evaluation of the Cas9 activity is essential for the precise control of the CRISPR system. Herein, we develop a point-of-care platform for the rapid and visible determination of the Cas9 activity. A bipolar electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor platform comprises an Au electric circuit fabricated on a glass substrate and the PDMS layer acts as a reservoir. DNA probes are then modified on electrodes and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) is applied to introduce ferrocene-labeled DNA. The CRISPR/Cas9 system can recognize the immobilized DNA probes and cleave them from the electrode surface as well as the labeled H1 and H2. Therefore, the cleavage activity is closely related to the labeled ferrocene. The modified electrode is then embodied in a closed bipolar system such that the oxidation reaction on sensing poles could be detected by the anodic ECL reactions on isolated luminescent poles due to charge balance, leading to the changes in ECL signals. This portable, integrated and convenient platform may become a meaningful tool for the discovery of a new CRISPR/Cas9 system or additional Cas9 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China.
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39
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Zeng WJ, Wang K, Liang WB, Chai YQ, Yuan R, Zhuo Y. Covalent organic frameworks as micro-reactors: confinement-enhanced electrochemiluminescence. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5410-5414. [PMID: 34094067 PMCID: PMC8159293 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) micro-reactors with enhanced intensity and extreme stability were first established by the assembly of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(ii) (Ru(bpy)32+) onto covalent organic frameworks (COFs), in which a type of imine-linked COF (denoted as COF-LZU1) was employed as a model for ECL micro-reactors. Compared with the dominant ECL system of Ru(bpy)32+/tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) (TPrA as a co-reactant), the intensity of the COF-LZU1 micro-reactor-based electrode was significantly increased nearly 5-fold under the same experimental conditions, which is unprecedented in other Ru(bpy)32+-based ECL systems. This enhancement can be attributed to the large surface area, delimited space, and stable and hydrophobic porous structure of COF-LZU1, which not only enabled a huge amount of Ru(bpy)32+ to be loaded in/on COF-LZU1, but also enriched a large amount of TPrA from the aqueous solution into its inner hydrophobic cavity due to the lipophilicity of TPrA. More importantly, with its hydrophobic porous nanochannels, COF-LZU1 could act as micro-reactors to provide a delimited reaction micro-environment for the electrochemical oxidation of TPrA and the survival of TPrA˙, achieving significant confinement-enhanced ECL. To prove this principle, these Ru@COF-LZU1 micro-reactors were developed to prepare an ECL aptasensor for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) detection with a wide detection range and a low detection limit. Overall, this work is the first report in which ECL micro-reactors are constructed with COFs to enhance the intensity and stability of the Ru(bpy)32+-based ECL system, and opens a new route to the design of other ECL micro-reactors for bioanalysis applications. The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) micro-reactors with enhanced intensity and extreme stability were firstly established, unravelling the mechanism of ECL micro-reactors using COF-LZU1 assembled Ru(bpy)32+ as a case study.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Zeng
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China .,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Kun Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wen-Bin Liang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ya-Qin Chai
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
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40
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Sassa F, Biswas GC, Suzuki H. Microfabricated electrochemical sensing devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1358-1389. [PMID: 32129358 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry provides possibilities to realize smart microdevices of the next generation with high functionalities. Electrodes, which constitute major components of electrochemical devices, can be formed by various microfabrication techniques, and integration of the same (or different) components for that purpose is not difficult. Merging this technique with microfluidics can further expand the areas of application of the resultant devices. To augment the development of next generation devices, it will be beneficial to review recent technological trends in this field and clarify the directions required for moving forward. Even when limiting the discussion to electrochemical microdevices, a variety of useful techniques should be considered. Therefore, in this review, we attempted to provide an overview of all relevant techniques in this context in the hope that it can provide useful comprehensive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Sassa
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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41
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Soulsby LC, Agugiaro J, Wilson DJD, Hayne DJ, Doeven EH, Chen L, Pham TT, Connell TU, Driscoll AJ, Henderson LC, Francis PS. Co‐Reactant and Annihilation Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of [Ir(df‐ppy)
2
(ptb)]
+
Derivatives. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan C. Soulsby
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Johnny Agugiaro
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne, Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne, Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - David J. Hayne
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Egan H. Doeven
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Lifen Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia
- Current affiliation: College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 P.R. China
| | - Tien T. Pham
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Timothy U. Connell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia
- Current affiliation: RMIT University Melbourne, Victoria 3001 Australia
| | - Aaron J. Driscoll
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia
| | - Paul S. Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment Deakin University Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia
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42
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Closed bipolar electrochemical biosensor based on ohmic loss mechanism for noncontact measurements. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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43
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Recent advances in electrochemiluminescence-based simultaneous detection of multiple targets. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Wang F, Fu C, Huang C, Li N, Wang Y, Ge S, Yu J. Paper-based closed Au-Bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform for the detection of miRNA-155. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 150:111917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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45
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Ding H, Guo W, Su B. Imaging Cell‐Matrix Adhesions and Collective Migration of Living Cells by Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:449-456. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Weiliang Guo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
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46
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Ding H, Guo W, Su B. Imaging Cell‐Matrix Adhesions and Collective Migration of Living Cells by Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Weiliang Guo
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
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47
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Chen L, Hayne DJ, Doeven EH, Agugiaro J, Wilson DJD, Henderson LC, Connell TU, Nai YH, Alexander R, Carrara S, Hogan CF, Donnelly PS, Francis PS. A conceptual framework for the development of iridium(iii) complex-based electrogenerated chemiluminescence labels. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8654-8667. [PMID: 31803440 PMCID: PMC6849491 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation of the highly promising electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) properties of Ir(iii) complexes (with tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) as a co-reactant) into a new generation of ECL labels for ligand binding assays necessitates the introduction of functionality suitable for bioconjugation. Modification of the ligands, however, can affect not only the photophysical and electrochemical properties of the complex, but also the reaction pathways available to generate light. Through a combined theoretical and experimental study, we reveal the limitations of conventional approaches to the design of electrochemiluminophores and introduce a new class of ECL label, [Ir(C^N)2(pt-TOxT-Sq)]+ (where C^N is a range of possible cyclometalating ligands, and pt-TOxT-Sq is a pyridyltriazole ligand with trioxatridecane chain and squarate amide ethyl ester), which outperformed commercial Ir(iii) complex labels in two commonly used assay formats. Predicted limits on the redox potentials and emission wavelengths of Ir(iii) complexes capable of generating ECL via the dominant pathway applicable in microbead supported ECL assays were experimentally verified by measuring the ECL intensities of the parent luminophores at different applied potentials, and comparing the ECL responses for the corresponding labels under assay conditions. This study provides a framework to tailor ECL labels for specific assay conditions and a fundamental understanding of the ECL pathways that will underpin exploration of new luminophores and co-reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Chen
- Deakin University , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF) , Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM) , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia . ;
| | - David J Hayne
- Deakin University , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF) , Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM) , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia . ;
| | - Egan H Doeven
- Deakin University , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF) , Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM) , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia . ;
| | - Johnny Agugiaro
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS) , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS) , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Deakin University , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF) , Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM) , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia . ;
| | - Timothy U Connell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Yi Heng Nai
- Deakin University , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF) , Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM) , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia . ;
| | - Richard Alexander
- Deakin University , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF) , Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM) , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia . ;
| | - Serena Carrara
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS) , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia
| | - Conor F Hogan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences (LIMS) , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Victoria 3086 , Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry , Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- Deakin University , School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF) , Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM) , Geelong , Victoria 3220 , Australia . ;
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Wu M, Xu N, Qiao J, Chen J, Jin L. Bipolar electrode-electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on a hybridization chain reaction. Analyst 2019; 144:4633-4638. [PMID: 31250857 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01022j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) closed bipolar electrode (BPE) chip was designed based on a hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-induced ECL amplification strategy for the detection of both DNA and H2O2. Without the utilization of a patterned ITO bipolar electrode (BPE), this chip platform consisted of an ITO glass coated with two layers of PDMS slices. The ITO cathode was modified with Au nanoparticles for further functionalization of biomolecules, which could also amplify the ECL signal at the anode of the BPE. Based on the specific hybridization and hybridization chain reaction (HCR), DNA sequences were greatly extended, leading to a significant increase in the resistance of the cathode. The reduction of H2O2 was inhibited on the cathode of the BPE, resulting in a quenching effect on the ECL intensity on the anode of the BPE. The designed biosensor displayed a satisfactory linear relationship for the detection of both DNA and H2O2. Therefore, the biosensor could not only be employed for DNA assays but also used in enzyme reactions based on the generation of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China.
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China.
| | - Jingtang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China.
| | - Jinghan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China.
| | - Longsheng Jin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China.
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49
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Zhang J, Arbault S, Sojic N, Jiang D. Electrochemiluminescence Imaging for Bioanalysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:275-295. [PMID: 30939032 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a widely used analytical technique with the advantages of high sensitivity and low background signal. The recent and rapid development of electrochemical materials, luminophores, and optical elements significantly increases the ECL signals and, thus, ECL imaging with enhanced spatial and temporal resolutions is realized. Currently, ECL imaging is successfully applied to high-throughput bioanalysis and to visualize the distribution of molecules at single cells. Compared with other optical bioassays, no optical excitation is involved in imaging, so the approach avoids a background signal from illumination and increases the detection sensitivity. This review highlights some of the most exciting developments in this field, including the mechanisms, electrode designs, and the applications of ECL imaging in bioanalysis and at single cells and particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China;
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France;
| | - Neso Sojic
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France;
| | - Dechen Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China;
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50
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Anshori I, Takie S, Suzuki H. Active Junctions to Improve Sensitivity and Detection Limit of a Microdevice Based on Coulometry Coupled with Silver Metallization. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isa Anshori
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Shuichi Takie
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
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