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Mordan EH, Wade JH, Pearce E, Meunier DM, Bailey RC. A linear mass concentration detector for solvent gradient polymer separations. Analyst 2020; 145:4484-4493. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02533b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silicon photonic microring resonators are an optical sensor utilized here as a detector for gradient elution liquid chromatography of polymers. Universal refractive index based detection and a linear mass concentration response is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James H. Wade
- Core R&D Analytical Sciences
- The Dow Chemical Company
- Midland
- Unites States
| | - Eric Pearce
- Core R&D Analytical Sciences
- The Dow Chemical Company
- Midland
- Unites States
| | - David M. Meunier
- Core R&D Analytical Sciences
- The Dow Chemical Company
- Midland
- Unites States
| | - Ryan C. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
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Mordan EH, Wade JH, Wiersma ZSB, Pearce E, Pangburn TO, deGroot AW, Meunier DM, Bailey RC. Silicon Photonic Microring Resonator Arrays for Mass Concentration Detection of Polymers in Isocratic Separations. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1011-1018. [PMID: 30496685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular weight distribution (MWD) is often the most informative analytical parameter in polymer analysis, with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) being the most common approach for determining the MWD for polymer samples. Many industrially relevant polymers lack chromogenic or fluorogenic signatures, precluding use of spectroscopy-based detection. Universal detectors, such as evaporative light scattering and charged aerosol detectors, are nonlinear, limiting quantitative polymer analysis. Differential refractive index (dRI) detectors show linear mass concentration sensitivity but are limited for some analyses given that they are incompatible with gradient-based separations, have a limited dynamic range, and require extended thermal equilibration times. In this study, we investigated the utility of silicon photonic microring resonator arrays as a quantitative mass concentration detector for industrial polymer analysis. Microring resonators have optical properties that are sensitive to changes in refractive index, offer an extended dynamic range, have a broad solvent compatibility, and have a linear mass concentration detection for a range of molecular weights. Linear mass concentration detection for microrings was demonstrated through a series of isocratic GPC separations using narrow MWD polystyrene (PS) standards. This detection technology was then utilized in conjunction with conventional GPC detectors to analyze a series of broad MWD PS standards, with results in good agreement with dRI and UV/visible. These results demonstrate the potential of the microring resonator platform as a detector for industrial polymer analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Mordan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - James H Wade
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States.,Core R&D Analytical Sciences , The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , Michigan 48667 , Unites States
| | - Zach S B Wiersma
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Eric Pearce
- Core R&D Analytical Sciences , The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , Michigan 48667 , Unites States
| | - Todd O Pangburn
- Core R&D Analytical Sciences , The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , Michigan 48667 , Unites States
| | - A Willem deGroot
- Performance Plastics Characterization , The Dow Chemical Company , Lake Jackson , Texas 77541 , United States
| | - David M Meunier
- Core R&D Analytical Sciences , The Dow Chemical Company , Midland , Michigan 48667 , Unites States
| | - Ryan C Bailey
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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