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Madhu M, Santhoshkumar S, Hsiao CW, Tseng WL, Kuo SW, Mohamed MG. Selective and Sensitive Detection of Fe 3+ Ions Using a Red-Emissive Fluorescent Probe Based on Triphenylamine and Perylene-Linked Conjugated Microporous Polymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400263. [PMID: 38878267 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The Expansion of modern industry underscores the urgent need to address heavy metal pollution, which is a threat to human-health and environment. Efforts are underwent to develop precise technologies for detecting heavy metal ions (M+-ion). One promising approach involves the use of Conjugated Microporous Polymers (CMPs) modified with Triphenylamine (TPA) anderylene (Peryl), known as TPA-Peryl-CMP, which emits strong refluorescence. Various analytical techniques, such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), are utilized to characterize the synthesized TPA-Peryl-CMP and understand its functional properties. In addition to its remarkable fluorescence behavior, TPA-Peryl-CMP shows promise as a sensor for Fe3+ ions using a turn-off strategy. Due to its exceptional stability and robust π-electron system, this platform demonstrates remarkable sensitivity and selectivity, significantly improving detection capabilities for specific analytes. Detailed procedures related to the mechanism for detecting Fe3+ ions are outlined for sensing Fe3+ ions, revealing a notably strong linear correlation within the concentration range of 0-3 µM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9936 and the Limit of detection (LOD) 20 nM. It is anticipated that development of such a kind of TPA-Peryl-CMP will observe broader applications in detecting various analytes related to environmental and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Madhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - S Santhoshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
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2
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Bandaru S, Arora D, Ganesh KM, Umrao S, Thomas S, Bhaskar S, Chakrabortty S. Recent Advances in Research from Nanoparticle to Nano-Assembly: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1387. [PMID: 39269049 PMCID: PMC11397018 DOI: 10.3390/nano14171387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The careful arrangement of nanomaterials (NMs) holds promise for revolutionizing various fields, from electronics and biosensing to medicine and optics. This review delves into the intricacies of nano-assembly (NA) techniques, focusing on oriented-assembly methodologies and stimuli-dependent approaches. The introduction provides a comprehensive overview of the significance and potential applications of NA, setting the stage for review. The oriented-assembly section elucidates methodologies for the precise alignment and organization of NMs, crucial for achieving desired functionalities. The subsequent section delves into stimuli-dependent techniques, categorizing them into chemical and physical stimuli-based approaches. Chemical stimuli-based self-assembly methods, including solvent, acid-base, biomolecule, metal ion, and gas-induced assembly, are discussed in detail by presenting examples. Additionally, physical stimuli such as light, magnetic fields, electric fields, and temperature are examined for their role in driving self-assembly processes. Looking ahead, the review outlines futuristic scopes and perspectives in NA, highlighting emerging trends and potential breakthroughs. Finally, concluding remarks summarize key findings and underscore the significance of NA in shaping future technologies. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners, offering insights into the diverse methodologies and potential applications of NA in interdisciplinary research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamili Bandaru
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University AP─Andhra Pradesh, Mangalagiri 522240, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Deepshika Arora
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Kalathur Mohan Ganesh
- Star Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Sri Sathya Sai, Puttaparthi 515134, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Umrao
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - Seemesh Bhaskar
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Chakrabortty
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University AP─Andhra Pradesh, Mangalagiri 522240, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Tseng WB, Wu MJ, Lu CY, Krishna Kumar AS, Tseng WL. Aptamer-based flares hybridized with single-stranded DNA-conjugated MoS 2 nanosheets for ratiometric fluorescence sensing and imaging of potassium ions and adenosine triphosphate in human fluids and living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123781. [PMID: 38176190 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Addressing the limitations observed in previous studies, where the quantitative range of nanoprobes for detecting K+ and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) did not cover concentrations found within living cells, the present study aimed to develop ratiometric nanoprobes that can accurately sense changes in K+ and ATP levels in living cells and quantify them in human fluids. The proposed nanoprobes consisted of recognition flares modified with 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA), along with thiolate single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2 NSs). The thiolate ssDNA acts as a linker between the flares and the MoS2 NSs, directly forming a functional nanostructure at room temperature. The direct conjugation of labeled flares to the MoS2 NSs simplifies the fabrication process. In the absence of K+ and ATP, the hybridization of flares and thiolate ssDNA caused FAM to move away from TAMRA, suppressing the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. However, upon the introduction of K+ and ATP, the flares undergo a structural transformation via the formation of G-quadruplex formation and the generation of hairpin-shaped structures, respectively. This structural change leads to the release of the flares from the ssDNA-conjugated nanosheet surface. The release of the flares brings FAM and TAMRA into close proximity, allowing FRET to occur, leading to FRET and static quenching. By monitoring the ratio between the fluorescence intensities of FAM and TAMRA, the concentration of K+ (5-100 mM) and ATP (0.3-5 mM) can be accurately determined by the proposed nanoprobes. The advantages of these nanoprobes lie in their ability to provide ratiometric measurements, which enhance the accuracy and reliability of the quantification process. The proposed nanoprobes offer potential applications as ratiometric imaging probes for monitoring K+ and ATP-related reactions in living cells, providing valuable insights into cellular processes. Additionally, they can be employed for determining the levels of K+ and ATP in human fluids, offering potential diagnostic applications in various clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Tseng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Rd., Dacun, Changhua 515006, Taiwan.
| | - Man-Jyun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan First Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - A Santhana Krishna Kumar
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan 1st Rd., 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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4
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Li X, Lin W, Petrescu FIT, Li J, Wang L, Zhu H, Wang H, Shi G. A Solar-Driven Oil-Water Separator with Fluorescence Sensing Performance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2696. [PMID: 37836337 PMCID: PMC10574624 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Presently, the separation of oil and water through functional membranes inevitably entails either inefficient gravity-driven processes or energy-intensive vacuum pressure mechanisms. This study introduces an innovative photothermal evaporator that uses solar energy to drive oil-water separation while concurrently facilitating the detection of Fe3+ in wastewater. First, by alkali delignification, small holes were formed on the side wall of the large size tubular channel in the direction of wood growth. Subsequently, superhydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticles were in situ assembled onto the sidewalls of the tubular channels. Finally, carbon quantum dots were deposited by spin-coating on the surface of the evaporator, paralleling the growth direction of the wood. During the photothermal evaporation process, the tubular channels with small holes in the side wall parallel the bulk water, which not only ensures the effective water supply to the photothermal surface but also reduces the heat loss caused by water reflux on the photothermal surface. The superhydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticles confer both hydrophilic and oleophobic properties to the evaporator, preventing the accumulation of minute oil droplets within the device and achieving sustained and stable oil-water separation over extended periods. These carbon quantum dots exhibit capabilities for both photothermal conversion and fluorescence transmission. This photothermal evaporator achieves an evaporation rate as high as 2.3 kg m-2 h-1 in the oil-water separation process, and it has the ability to detect Fe3+ concentrations in wastewater as low as 10-9 M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biotechnology Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biotechnology Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu
- Department of Mechanisms and Robots Theory, National University of Science and Technology Polytechnic Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biotechnology Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Likui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biotechnology Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biotechnology Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biotechnology Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Gang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biotechnology Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.W.); (H.Z.)
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5
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Basu S, Perić Bakulić M, Sanader Maršić Ž, Bonačić-Koutecký V, Amdursky N. Excitation-Dependent Fluorescence with Excitation-Selective Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Hierarchically Organized Atomic Nanoclusters. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16644-16655. [PMID: 37638669 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanometer-scaled objects are known to have dimension-related properties, but sometimes the assembly of such objects can lead to the emergence of other properties. Here, we show the assembly of atomically precise gold nanoclusters into large fibrillar structures that are featuring excitation-dependent luminescence with an excitation-selective circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), even though all components are achiral. The origin of CPL in the assembly of atomic clusters has been attributed to the hierarchical organization of atomic clusters into fibrillar structures, mediated via a hydrogen bonding interaction with a surfactant. We follow the assembly process both experimentally and computationally showing the advance in the structural formation along with its chiroptical electronic properties, i.e., circular dichroism (CD) and CPL. Our study here can assist in the rational design of materials featuring chiroptical properties, thus leading to a controlled CPL activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Basu
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Martina Perić Bakulić
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM) at Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Poljička cesta 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Željka Sanader Maršić
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM) at Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Poljička cesta 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM) at Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (ICAST), University of Split, Poljička cesta 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Chemistry Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadav Amdursky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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6
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Gomez-Blanco N, Prato M. Microwave-assisted one-step synthesis of water-soluble manganese-carbon nanodot clusters. Commun Chem 2023; 6:174. [PMID: 37612431 PMCID: PMC10447561 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Using metal coordination to assemble carbon nanodots (CND) into clusters can enhance their photophysical properties for applications in sensing and biomedicine. Water-soluble clusters of CNDs are prepared by one-step microwave synthesis starting from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ethylenediamine and MnCl2·4H2O as precursors. Transmission electron microscopy and powder X-Ray diffraction techniques indicate that the resulting clusters form spherical particles of 150 nm constituted by amorphous CNDs joined together with Mn ions in a laminar crystalline structure. The nanomaterial assemblies show remarkable fluorescence quantum yields (0.17-0.20) and magnetic resonance imaging capability (r1 = 2.3-3.8 mM-1.s-1). In addition, they can be stabilized in aqueous solutions by phosphate ligands, providing a promising dual imaging platform for use in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gomez-Blanco
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Group, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Group, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM - University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
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7
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Alzahrani A, Alsulami T, Salamatullah AM, Ahmed SR. Non-spherical gold nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence of carbon dots for norovirus-like particles detection. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:33. [PMID: 37106392 PMCID: PMC10142488 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norovirus is a common pathogen that causes foodborne outbreaks every year and the increasing number of deaths caused by it has become a substantial concern in both developed and underdeveloped countries. To date, no vaccines or drugs are able to control the outbreak, highlighting the importance of finding specific, and sensitive detection tools for the viral pathogen. Current diagnostic tests are limited to public health laboratories and/or clinical laboratories and are time-consuming. Hence, a rapid and on-site monitoring strategy for this disease is urgently needed to control, prevent and raise awareness among the general public. RESULTS The present study focuses on a nanohybridization technique to build a higher sensitivity and faster detection response to norovirus-like particles (NLPs). Firstly, the wet chemical-based green synthesis of fluorescent carbon quantum dots and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) has been reported. Then, a series of characterization studies were conducted on the synthesized carbon dots and Au NPs, for example, high-resolution transmission emission microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence life-lime measurement, UV-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The fluorescence emission of the as-synthesized carbon dots and the absorption of Au NPs were located at 440 nm and 590 nm, respectively. Then, the plasmonic properties of Au NPs were utilized to enhance the fluorescence emission of carbon dots in the presence of NLPs in human serum. Here, the enhanced fluorescence response was linearly correlated up to 1 μg mL-1. A limit of detection (LOD) value was calculated to be 80.3 pg mL-1 demonstrating that the sensitivity of the proposed study is 10 times greater than that of the commercial diagnostic kits. CONCLUSIONS The proposed exciton-plasmon interaction-based NLPs-sensing strategy was highly sensitive, specific, and suitable for controlling upcoming outbreaks. Most importantly, the overall finding in the article will take the technology a step further to applicable point-of-care (POC) devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakeem Alzahrani
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tawfiq Alsulami
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Rahin Ahmed
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
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8
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Chang S, Chen BB, Gao YT, Zheng YH, Shi JF, Qian RC, Li DW. Carbon dots with hydrogen bond-controlled aggregation behavior. Analyst 2023; 148:507-511. [PMID: 36594781 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01858f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, hydrophilic carbon dots (H-CDs) are prepared by a facile room temperature method. The strength of hydrogen bonds can be controlled by introducing proton and aprotic solvents, respectively, so as to realize the tunable aggregation state of H-CDs. Because of the ultrasensitive response to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), H-CDs can serve as optical probes for detecting DMSO in a linear range of 0.005% to 0.75% and with a detection limit of 0.001%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China. .,School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Ya-Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Yi-Han Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Ji-Fen Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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9
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Mocci F, de Villiers Engelbrecht L, Olla C, Cappai A, Casula MF, Melis C, Stagi L, Laaksonen A, Carbonaro CM. Carbon Nanodots from an In Silico Perspective. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13709-13799. [PMID: 35948072 PMCID: PMC9413235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) are the latest and most shining rising stars among photoluminescent (PL) nanomaterials. These carbon-based surface-passivated nanostructures compete with other related PL materials, including traditional semiconductor quantum dots and organic dyes, with a long list of benefits and emerging applications. Advantages of CNDs include tunable inherent optical properties and high photostability, rich possibilities for surface functionalization and doping, dispersibility, low toxicity, and viable synthesis (top-down and bottom-up) from organic materials. CNDs can be applied to biomedicine including imaging and sensing, drug-delivery, photodynamic therapy, photocatalysis but also to energy harvesting in solar cells and as LEDs. More applications are reported continuously, making this already a research field of its own. Understanding of the properties of CNDs requires one to go to the levels of electrons, atoms, molecules, and nanostructures at different scales using modern molecular modeling and to correlate it tightly with experiments. This review highlights different in silico techniques and studies, from quantum chemistry to the mesoscale, with particular reference to carbon nanodots, carbonaceous nanoparticles whose structural and photophysical properties are not fully elucidated. The role of experimental investigation is also presented. Hereby, we hope to encourage the reader to investigate CNDs and to apply virtual chemistry to obtain further insights needed to customize these amazing systems for novel prospective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mocci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy,
| | | | - Chiara Olla
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Antonio Cappai
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Casula
- Department
of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, IT 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudio Melis
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Luigi Stagi
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy,Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,State Key
Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China,Centre
of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, PetruPoni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania,Division
of Energy Science, Energy Engineering, Luleå
University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden,
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10
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Zhang W, Ji Z, Zeng Z, Jayapalan A, Bagra B, Sheardy A, He P, LaJeunesse DR, Wei J. Dark-Field Microscopic Study of Cellular Uptake of Carbon Nanodots: Nuclear Penetrability. Molecules 2022; 27:2437. [PMID: 35458634 PMCID: PMC9032144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanodots are fascinating candidates for the field of biomedicine, in applications such as bioimaging and drug delivery. However, the nuclear penetrability and process are rarely studied and lack understanding, which limits their applications for drug carriers, single-molecule detection and live cell imaging. In this study, we attempt to examine the uptake of CNDs in cells with a focus on the potential nuclear penetrability using enhanced dark-field microscopy (EDFM) associated with hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to quantitatively determine the light scattering signals of CNDs in the cells. The effects of both CND incubation time and concentration are investigated, and plausible nuclear penetration involving the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is discussed. The experimental results and an analytical model demonstrate that the CNDs' uptake proceeds by a concentration-dependent three-stage behavior and saturates at a CND incubation concentration larger than 750 µg/mL, with a half-saturated concentration of 479 μg/mL. These findings would potentially help the development of CNDs' utilization in drug carriers, live cell imaging and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Zhang
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Zuowei Ji
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Anitha Jayapalan
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Bhawna Bagra
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Alex Sheardy
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Peng He
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Dennis R. LaJeunesse
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
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11
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Chen BB, Huang CZ. Preparation of carbon dots and their sensing applications. SENSING AND BIOSENSING WITH OPTICALLY ACTIVE NANOMATERIALS 2022:9-40. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90244-1.00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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12
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Sun M, Lorandi F, Yuan R, Dadashi-Silab S, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K. Assemblies of Polyacrylonitrile-Derived Photoactive Polymers as Blue and Green Light Photo-Cocatalysts for Cu-Catalyzed ATRP in Water and Organic Solvents. Front Chem 2021; 9:734076. [PMID: 34476232 PMCID: PMC8407075 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.734076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoluminescent nanosized quasi-spherical polymeric assemblies prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), ht-PLPPAN, were demonstrated to have the ability to photo-induce atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) catalyzed by low, parts per million concentrations of CuII complex with tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA). Such photo induced ATRP reactions of acrylate and methacrylate monomers were performed in water or organic solvents, using ht-PLPPAN as the photo-cocatalyst under blue or green light irradiation. Mechanistic studies indicate that ht-PLPPAN helps to sustain the polymerization by facilitating the activation of alkyl bromide species by two modes: 1) green or blue light-driven photoreduction of the CuII catalyst to the activating CuI form, and 2) direct activation of dormant alkyl bromide species which occurs only under blue light. The photoreduction of the CuII complex by ht-PLPPAN was confirmed by linear sweep voltammetry performed under illumination. Analysis of the polymerization kinetics in aqueous media indicated even though CuI complexes comprised only 1-1.4% of all Cu species at equilibrium, they exhibited high activation rate constant and activated the alkyl bromide initiators five to six orders of magnitude faster than ht-PLPPAN.
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13
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Sato T, Kobayashi Y, Arai N. Effect of chemical design of grafted polymers on the self-assembled morphology of polymer-tethered nanoparticles in nanotubes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:365404. [PMID: 34157689 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0d85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a clear relationship between the self-assembling architecture of nanoparticles (NPs) and their physical properties, and they are currently used in a variety of applications, including optical sensors. Polymer-tethered NPs, which are created by grafting polymers onto NPs to control the self-assembly of NPs, have attracted considerable attention. Recent synthetic techniques have made it possible to synthesize a wide variety of polymers and thereby create NPs with many types of surfaces. However, self-assembled structures have not been systematically classified because of the large number of tuning parameters such as the polymer length and graft density. In this study, by using coarse-grained molecular simulation, we investigated the changes in the self-assembled structure of polymer-tethered NP solutions confined in nanotubes due to the chemical properties of polymers. Three types of tethered polymer NP models were examined: homo hydrophilic, diblock hydrophilic-hydrophobic (HI-HO), and diblock hydrophobic-hydrophilic. Under strong confinement, the NPs were dispersed in single file at low axial pressure. As the pressure increased, multilayered lamellar was observed in the HI-HO model. In contrast, under weak confinement, the difference in the pressure at which the phases emerge, depending on the model, was significant. By changing the chemical properties of the grafted polymer, the thermodynamic conditions (the axial pressure in this study) under which the phases appear is altered, although the coordination of NPs remains almost unchanged. Our simulation offers a theoretical guide for controlling the morphologies of self-assembled polymer-tethered NPs, a novel system that may find applications in nanooptical devices or for nanopatterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Sato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusei Kobayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Arai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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14
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Kompany-Zareh M, Bagheri S. Perception on aggregation induced multicolor emission and emission centers in carbon nanodots using successive dilution, anion exchange chromatography, and multi-way statistics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13996. [PMID: 34234191 PMCID: PMC8263574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93212-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration in the way of understanding the optical behavior and structure of carbon nanodots has been increased due to their vast application. Their emission dependency on excitation wavelengths is the more prevalent and controversial subject. In this report we considered the optical structure of hydrothermally synthesized carbon nanodots using citric acid and 2,3-diaminopyridine as precursors. The presence of different emission centers experimented through anion exchange chromatography which resulted in fractions with more unique optical structures. The quantum confinement effect and energy exchange between different types of carbon nanodots, due to aggregation in higher concentration levels, was studied applying a stepwise dilution experiment. Analysis of the experimental data was done through the parallel factor analysis and the trajectory pattern recognition which resolved more about optical interactions and the presence of different emission centers in different particles. Results from infrared spectroscopy confirmed the dominating density of carboxyl functional groups on the nanodots with negative surface charges and higher influence of amine groups on dots with positive surface charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Kompany-Zareh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, 45137-66731, Zanjan, Iran. .,Trace Analysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Saeed Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, 45137-66731, Zanjan, Iran
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15
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Bag P, Maurya RK, Dadwal A, Sarkar M, Chawla PA, Narang RK, Kumar B. Recent Development in Synthesis of Carbon Dots from Natural Resources and Their Applications in Biomedicine and Multi‐Sensing Platform. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Bag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga Punjab India- 142001
| | - Rahul K. Maurya
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus India
| | - Ankita Dadwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga Punjab India- 142001
- Department of Science and Technology Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University Bathinda 151001, Punjab India
| | - Mrinmoy Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga Punjab India- 142001
| | - Pooja A. Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga Punjab India- 142001
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road Moga, Punjab India- 142001
| | - Raj K. Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutics ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga Punjab India- 142001
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga Punjab India- 142001
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road Moga, Punjab India- 142001
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16
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Koç ÖK, Benli EE, Karahan N, Üzer A, Apak R. Selective colorimetric sensing of deferoxamine with 4-mercaptophenol- and mercaptoacetic acid-functionalized gold nanoparticles via Fe( iii) chelation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The multidentate deferoxamine ligand can selectively aggregate the Fe(iii)-attached AuNPs@(4MP–MAA) colorimetric nanoprobe, whereas other bidentate iron chelators cannot bridge the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Kaan Koç
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ezgi Benli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurşah Karahan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşem Üzer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Bayraktar Neighborhood, Vedat Dalokay St. No. 112, Çankaya, 06690 Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Han Y, Tang B, Wang L, Bao H, Lu Y, Guan C, Zhang L, Le M, Liu Z, Wu M. Machine-Learning-Driven Synthesis of Carbon Dots with Enhanced Quantum Yields. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14761-14768. [PMID: 32960048 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Knowing the correlation of reaction parameters in the preparation process of carbon dots (CDs) is essential for optimizing the synthesis strategy, exploring exotic properties, and exploiting potential applications. However, the integrated screening experimental data on the synthesis of CDs are huge and noisy. Machine learning (ML) has recently been successfully used for the screening of high-performance materials. Here, we demonstrate how ML-based techniques can offer insight into the successful prediction, optimization, and acceleration of CDs' synthesis process. A regression ML model on hydrothermal-synthesized CDs is established capable of revealing the relationship between various synthesis parameters and experimental outcomes as well as enhancing the process-related properties such as the fluorescent quantum yield (QY). CDs exhibiting a strong green emission with QY up to 39.3% are obtained through the combined ML guidance and experimental verification. The mass of precursors and the volume of alkaline catalysts are identified as the most important features in the synthesis of high-QY CDs by the trained ML model. The CDs are applied as an ultrasensitive fluorescence probe for monitoring the Fe3+ ion because of their superior optical behaviors. The probe exhibits the linear response to the Fe3+ ion with a wide concentration range (0-150 μM), and its detection limit is 0.039 μM. Our findings demonstrate the great capability of ML to guide the synthesis of high-quality CDs, accelerating the development of intelligent material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Bijun Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Hong Bao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Lu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Cuntai Guan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Mengying Le
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Minghong Wu
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
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18
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Nguyen HA, Srivastava I, Pan D, Gruebele M. Unraveling the Fluorescence Mechanism of Carbon Dots with Sub-Single-Particle Resolution. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6127-6137. [PMID: 32324372 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Unlike quantum dots, photophysical properties of carbon dots (CDs) are not strongly correlated with particle size. The origin of CD photoluminescence has been related to sp2 domain size and the abundance of oxidized surface defects. However, direct imaging of surface-accessible spatially localized oxidized defects is still lacking. In this work, solvothermal-synthesized CDs are fractionated into different colors by polarity-based chromatography. We then study the mechanism of CD fluorescence by directly imaging individual CDs with subparticle resolution by scanning tunneling microscopy. Density of states imaging of CDs reveals that the graphitic core has a large bandgap that is inconsistent with observed fluorescence wavelength, whereas localized defects have smaller electronic gaps for both red-emitting dots (rCDs) and blue-emitting dots (bCDs). For individual bCDs within our laser tuning range, we directly image optically active surface defects (ca. 1-3 nm in size) and their bandgaps, which agree with the emission wavelength of the ensemble from which the bCDs were taken. We find that the emissive defects are not necessarily the ones with the smallest gap, consistent with quantum yields less than unity (0.1-0.26). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and pH-dependent fluorescence titration show that oxygen-containing surface-accessible protonatable functional groups (e.g., phenolic -OH, -COOH) define the chemical identity of the defects. This observation explains why we detect neither long-lived optical excitation of the core nor a correlation between size and emission wavelength. Instead, control over the number of oxygen-containing defects defines the emission wavelength, with more oxidized defects at the surface producing redder emission wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indrajit Srivastava
- Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 West University Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Martin Gruebele
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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19
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Chen CY, Tan YZ, Hsieh PH, Wang CM, Shibata H, Maejima K, Wang TY, Hiruta Y, Citterio D, Liao WS. Metal-Free Colorimetric Detection of Pyrophosphate Ions by Inhibitive Nanozymatic Carbon Dots. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1314-1324. [PMID: 32323526 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pyrophosphate ion (P2O74-, PPi) plays a critical role in various biological processes and acts as an essential indicator for physiological mechanism investigations and disease control monitoring. However, most of the currently available approaches for PPi species detection for practical usage still lack appropriate indicator generation, straightforward detection requirements, and operation convenience. In this study, a highly sensitive and selective PPi detection approach via the use of nanozymatic carbon dots (CDs) is introduced. This strategy eliminates the common need for metal ions in the detection process, where a direct indicator-PPi interaction is adopted to provide straightforward signal reports, and importantly, through a green indicator preparation. The preparation of this nanozymatic CDs' indicator utilizes an aqueous solution refluxing, employing galactose and histidine as the precursor materials. The mild conditions of the solution refluxing produce fluorescent CDs exhibiting peroxidase-mimic properties, which can catalyze the o-phenylenediamine oxidation under the presence of H2O2. The introduction of PPi species, interestingly, inhibits this process very efficiently, the extent of which can be colorimetrically monitored by the generated yellow product 2,3-diaminophenazine. Spectroscopic results point to CD surface functional groups' selective binding toward PPi species, which severely interferes with the electron transfer process in the enzymatic catalysis. Relying on this CD peroxidase-mimetic property inhibition, sensitive and selective recognition of PPi reaches a detection limit of 4.29 nM, enabling practical usage in complex matrixes. Owing to the superior compatibility and high stability of nanozymatic CDs, they can also be inkjet-printed on paper-based devices to create a portable and convenient platform for PPi detection. Both the solution and the paper-device-based selective recognitions confirm this unique and robust metal-free inhibitive PPi detection, which is supported by a convenient green preparation of nanozymatic CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-You Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30011, Taiwan
| | - Ying Zi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsuan Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hiroyuki Shibata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kento Maejima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Ting-Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Hiruta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Wei-Ssu Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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20
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Pandey PK, Preeti, Rawat K, Prasad T, Bohidar HB. Multifunctional, fluorescent DNA-derived carbon dots for biomedical applications: bioimaging, luminescent DNA hydrogels, and dopamine detection. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1277-1289. [PMID: 31967170 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01863h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe the synthesis of 2-3 nm, hydrophilic, blue fluorescence-emitting carbon dots (C-Dots, made using a DNA precursor) by the hydrothermal route from the gelling concentration of 2% (w/v) DNA. These dots exhibited highly efficient internalization in pathogenic fungal cells, negligible cytotoxicity, good PL stability, and high biocompatibility, thus demonstrating their potential as nanotrackers in microbial studies. Bioimaging was performed using Candida albicans as the representative for microbial pathogens. The novelty of these dots is that they formed fluorescent nanocomposite hydrogels with the same DNA much below the gelation concentration (1% w/v) and the tunable gels possessed strength between 20 and 80 Pa with the corresponding gelation temperature Tgel between 40 to 50 °C. The network density and gelation free energy data supported the superior crosslinking ability of these dots. The as-prepared hydrogels can replace the existing toxic quantum dot-based hydrogels for drug delivery. We also demonstrated the use of a DNA hydrogel-fabricated working electrode (DNA-C-Dot/ITO electrode) for the biosensing of dopamine. Our electrochemical biosensor had a detection limit of 5 × 10-3 mM for dopamine. These multifunctional, fluorescent C-Dots and hydrogel after suitable conjugation or loading with molecules and drugs hold promising potential for further exploitation in bioimaging, targeted drug delivery, wound healing, and biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Preeti
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kamla Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Tulika Prasad
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. and Advanced Instrumentation Research and Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - H B Bohidar
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. and Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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21
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Yang K, Wang C, Wei X, Ding S, Liu C, Tian F, Li F. Self-Illuminating Photodynamic Therapy with Enhanced Therapeutic Effect by Optimization of the Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Step to the Photosensitizer. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:595-604. [PMID: 31830411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The major obstacles to the wider application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) are drawbacks of the current photosensitizers and the tissue penetration limit of the common outer light source. In the present study, the chemiluminescence (CL) from the luminol-H2O2-horseradish peroxidase reaction was explored as a potential inner light source for the intracellular activation of carbon dots (CDs)-based PDT system. To fully use the light and enhance the overall PDT yield, the nanocarrier of CDs, the light of CL, and the PDT agent chlorin e6 (Ce6) were carefully selected and designed to form an efficient and united system. Bright-yellow-emissive CDs (y-CDs) were synthesized through purposeful regulation of the absorption and emission spectra to enhance the overlapping areas in the chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) processes. Our results reflected CL-induced y-CDs-Ce6 system (10 μM) successfully generated reactive oxygen species (ROS, 35.93%), killed ∼90% SMMC-7721 cells in vitro, and significantly delayed tumor growth in vivo. On the basis of immunohistochemical observations of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1 or CD31) results, we concluded that the CL-induced y-CDs-Ce6 system had excellent performance in cancer therapy. The enhanced therapeutic effect was ascribed to two pathways: a direct CRET process and another process of CRET with subsequent y-CD-mediated FRET (CRET-to-FRET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Chunlai Wang
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Sheng Ding
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300161, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biological Protective Equipment, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300161, China
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22
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Wu H, Pang LF, Fu MJ, Guo XF, Wang H. Boron and nitrogen codoped carbon dots as fluorescence sensor for Fe 3+ with improved selectivity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 180:113052. [PMID: 31884391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are popular as fluorescence sensors, and metal ions are typical analytes. However, CDs used as fluorescent sensors for Fe3+ have some interferences coming from co-existed ions. In this study, we suspect that sp3 boron atom in phenylboronic acid group will be more compatible with Fe3+ to form coordination bonds, thereby increasing the selectivity to Fe3+. Hence, we designed and synthesized boron and nitrogen codoped carbon dots (BN-CDs) for detection of Fe3+ via a hydrothermal method using o-phenylenediamine (OPA) and 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylchloroformate as precursors. From the results, we found that BN-CDs had superior selectivity to Fe3+ in the presence of the other common interfering metal ions like Cu2+, Fe2+ and Pb2+. Besides, the obtained BN-CDs exhibited good water solubility, favorable photostability, excellent pH stability between pH 2-11, and strong fluorescence intensity with quantum yield up to 31.5 %. These excellent properties of carbon dots validate that our idea is feasible, and can be used for design CDs for Fe3+ detection. Quenching mechanism study showed the fluorescence intensity of BN-CDs could be dramatically quenched by Fe3+ through dynamic and static synergy process. Finally, the as prepared BN-CDs were successfully applied to the determination of Fe3+ in fetal bovine serum and lake water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Lan-Fang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Meng-Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Xiao-Feng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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23
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A nanocellulose-based colorimetric assay kit for smartphone sensing of iron and iron-chelating deferoxamine drug in biofluids. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1087:104-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Revisiting fluorescent carbon nanodots for environmental, biomedical applications and puzzle about fluorophore impurities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2019.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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Wang B, Li J, Tang Z, Yang B, Lu S. Near-infrared emissive carbon dots with 33.96% emission in aqueous solution for cellular sensing and light-emitting diodes. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1285-1292. [PMID: 36659610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared emissive carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The as-prepared CDs exhibited a relatively high quantum yield (QY) of 33.96% in an aqueous solution, and the peak toward the near-infrared fluorescence reached 685 nm. The CDs exhibited pH-sensitive characteristics under strong acidic conditions. Even at pH = 0, the as-prepared CDs retained a high fluorescence intensity, which proved that they possessed good acid resistance. More importantly, the CDs were sensitive to the Fe3+ changes in living cells. In addition, they could also be used for white and red emissive LEDs. This discovery will expand the use of aqueous-phase high QY CDs in the field of living cell sensing and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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26
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Qin X, Lu Y, Bian M, Xiao Z, Zhang Y, Yuan Y. Influence of gold nanoparticles in different aggregation states on the fluorescence of carbon dots and its application. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1091:119-126. [PMID: 31679565 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in solution protected by various concentration of DNA at different aggregation states were found to have different quenching effect to the fluorescence of carbon dots (CDs). Au NPs wrapped up in more amount of DNA were able to quench the fluorescence of CDs more effectively, and vice versa. Based on this phenomenon, a facile and novel fluorescence sensing platform without labeling was constructed by designing the sequence of DNA as the aptamer of the detection target. With the addition of specific molecule, taking acetamiprid as representative, DNA was prior to bind with target and the Au NPs became less protected, leading to the fluorescence recovery of the CDs. Experimental results showed that the fluorescence of CDs was linearly recovered by acetamiprid in the concentration range of 7.8 × 10-9-1.4 × 10-6 mol/L, with the detection limit of 1.5 × 10-9 mol/L. This promising sensor might provide a new aspect for exploring the versatile application of CDs in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Qin
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yuping Lu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Mengmeng Bian
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Zhourui Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yali Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jiangan Road, Guilin, 541004, China.
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27
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Aminoclay decorated with lanthanide complexes and carbon dots: Tunable emission and information encryption. J RARE EARTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Kailasa SK, Ha S, Baek SH, Phan LMT, Kim S, Kwak K, Park TJ. Tuning of carbon dots emission color for sensing of Fe3+ ion and bioimaging applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:834-842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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30
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A dual emission nanocomposite prepared from copper nanoclusters and carbon dots as a ratiometric fluorescent probe for sulfide and gaseous H 2S. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:258. [PMID: 30915575 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of dual-emission fluorescent probes was prepared from copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) and carbon dots (CDs). They show two emission peaks (blue at 469 nm and red at 622 nm) when photoexcited at 365 nm. Upon exposure to sulfide, the Cu NCs will be deteriorated because they react with sulfide to form CuS. This results in the quenching of the red fluorescence of the Cu NCs, while the blue fluorescence of the CDs remains constant. Thus, the color of the nanocomposite changes from red to blue. The ratio of the fluorescences at the two wavelengths decreases linearly in the 2-10 ppb (26-128 nM) sulfide concentration range, and the limit of detection is 0.33 ppb (4.3 nM). The nanocomposite also was placed in an agar gel and then incorporated into a paper strip for fluorometric monitoring of gaseous hydrogen sulfide. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the synthesis of Cu NCs (copper nanoclusters)-CDs (carbon dots) dual-emission nano-assembly, Cu NCs-CDs-agar fluorescent film and their application for the detection of sulfide and H2S.
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31
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Non-destructive inspection of food and technical oils by terahertz spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18025. [PMID: 30575766 PMCID: PMC6303405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality control and non-destructive monitoring are of notable interest of food and pharmaceutical industries. It relies on the ability of non-invasive inspection which can be employed for manufacturing process control. We hereby apply terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy as non-destructive technique to monitor pure and degraded oils as well as hydrocarbon chemicals. Significant differences in the spectra of refractive index (RI) and absorption coefficient arising from the presence of ester linkages in the edible and technical oils were obtained. Explicit increase from 1.38 to 1.5 of the RI in all THz spectrum range was observed in hydrocarbons and mono-functional esters with the increase of molar mass. This fact is in contrast of RI dependence on molar mass in multi-functional esters, such as Adipate or vegetable oils, where it is around 1.54. Degradation products, Oleic Acid (OA) and water in particular, lead only to some changes in absorption coefficient and RI spectra of vegetable oils. We demonstrate that complex colloidal and supramolecular processes, such as dynamics of inverse micelles and oil hydrolysis, take part during oil degradation and are responsible for non-uniform dependence of optical properties on extent of degradation.
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32
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Phosphorus and chlorine co-doped carbon dots with strong photoluminescence as a fluorescent probe for ferric ions. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 186:32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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33
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Wang Y, Yue Q, Tao L, Zhang C, Li CZ. Fluorometric determination of hydroquinone by using blue emitting N/S/P-codoped carbon dots. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:550. [PMID: 30443788 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
N/S/P-codoped carbon dots (CDs) are shown to be a viable fluorescent probe in a turn-off-on fluorometric assay for hydroquinone (HQ). The preparation of CDs was carried out using a one-step hydrothermal reaction starting with glyoxal and isocarbophos. The method is based on the formation of ground state complexes between CD and Fe(III) which leads to quenching of blue fluorescence (with excitation/emission peaks at 363/448 nm). On addition of HQ, it will be oxidized by Fe(III) upon which fluorescence recovers. This turn-off-on system can be utilized to quantify HQ. A linear relationship exists between fluorescence recovery and HQ concentration in range between 0.56 and 375 μM. The limit of detection is 0.16 μM. The assay was successfully applied to the determination of HQ in spiked water samples and developer samples. Graphical abstract Fluorometric determination of hydroquinone (with good selectivity over catechol and resorcinol) by using blue-emitting N/S/P-codoped carbon dots and the quenching effect of Fe(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Qiaoli Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China.
| | - Lixia Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China. .,Nanobioengineering/Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
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34
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He Y, Feng Z, Shi X, Li S, Liu Y, Zeng G, He H. N- and O-Doped Carbon Dots for Rapid and High-Throughput Dual Detection of Trace Amounts of Iron in Water and Organic Phases. J Fluoresc 2018; 29:137-144. [PMID: 30406409 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a dual use of highly fluorescent N- and O-doped carbon dots (CDs) for rapid and high-throughput trace analysis of iron in water and organic phases. The CDs are rapidly synthesized in a sealed vessel via microwave irradiation within 5 min, and they exhibit high quantum yields of 80% with sensitive quenching responses to iron contents. Combined with a microplate fluorescence reader, a rapid and high-throughput assay for ions is further developed. The whole process from the CD synthesis to the detection output can be accomplished within 15 min. The limits of detection for Fe3+ in aqueous solution and ferrocene in organic gasoline are determined down to 0.05 mM. Furthermore, this method has been successfully used to determine the level of irons in real gasoline for quality evaluation. The results have an excellent agreement with atomic absorption spectrophotometric measurements. The CD-based facile assay with lower cost, use of less sample, and higher-throughput holds great promise as a powerful tool for iron detection in water and organic phase samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Feng
- Testing Institute for Chemicals & Minerals, Shandong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 99 Huanghe East Road, Huangdao District, 266500, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunguo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Sri S, Kumar R, Panda AK, Solanki PR. Highly Biocompatible, Fluorescence, and Zwitterionic Carbon Dots as a Novel Approach for Bioimaging Applications in Cancerous Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:37835-37845. [PMID: 30360121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Highly biocompatible, excellently photostable, nitrogen- and sulfur-containing novel zwitterionic carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by microwave-assisted pyrolysis. The size of CDs were 2-5 nm, with an average size of 2.61 ± 0.7 nm. CDs were characterized by UV/vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, zeta potential, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. CDs were known to emit blue fluorescence when excited at 360 nm, that is, UV region, and emit in the blue region of visible spectrum, that is, at 443 nm. CDs showed excitation-independent photoluminescence behavior and were highly fluorescent even at lower concentration under UV light. These CDs were highly fluorescent in nature, with the quantum yield being as high as 80%, which is comparable to that of organic dyes. The CDs were further used to image two different oral cancer cell lines, namely, FaDu (human pharyngeal carcinoma) and Cal-27 (human tongue carcinoma). The cell viability assay demonstarted that CDs were highly biocompatible, which was further confirmed by the side scattering studies as no change in the granularity was observed even at the highest concentration of 1600 μg/mL. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also investigated and negligible generaton of ROS was detected. In addition to that, the uptake phenomenon, cell cycle analysis, exocytosis, and cellular uptake at 4 °C and in the presence of ATP inhibitor were studied. It was found that CDs easily cross the plasma membrane without hampering the cellular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Sri
- Special Centre for Nanoscience , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Robin Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Amulya K Panda
- National Institute of Immunology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
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36
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Xiao L, Sun H. Novel properties and applications of carbon nanodots. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2018; 3:565-597. [PMID: 32254112 DOI: 10.1039/c8nh00106e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the most recent decade, carbon dots have drawn intensive attention and triggered substantial investigation. Carbon dots manifest superior merits, including excellent biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo, resistance to photobleaching, easy surface functionalization and bio-conjugation, outstanding colloidal stability, eco-friendly synthesis, and low cost. All of these endow them with the great potential to replace conventional unsatisfactory fluorescent heavy metal-containing semiconductor quantum dots or organic dyes. Even though the understanding of their photoluminescence mechanism is still controversial, carbon dots have already exhibited many versatile applications. In this article, we summarize and review the recent progress achieved in the field of carbon dots, and provide a comprehensive summary and discussion on their synthesis methods and emission mechanisms. We also present the applications of carbon dots in bioimaging, drug delivery, microfluidics, light emitting diode (LED), sensing, logic gates, and chiral photonics, etc. Some unaddressed issues, challenges, and future prospects of carbon dots are also discussed. We envision that carbon dots will eventually have great commercial utilization and will become a strong competitor to some currently used fluorescent materials. It is our hope that this review will provide insights into both the fundamental research and practical applications of carbon dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xiao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.
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37
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Ren G, Yu L, Zhu B, Tang M, Chai F, Wang C, Su Z. Orange emissive carbon dots for colorimetric and fluorescent sensing of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol by fluorescence conversion. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16095-16102. [PMID: 35542238 PMCID: PMC9080255 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01678j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, infrequent orange carbon nanodots (CNDs) were applied as a dual-readout probe for the effective colorimetric and fluorescent detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). The orange fluorescence could be rapidly and selectively quenched by TNP, and the colorimetric response from the original pink color to blue could also be captured immediately by the naked eye. A limit of detection of 0.127 μM for TNP was estimated by the fluorescent method and 5 × 10-5 M by visualized detection. Interestingly, the fluorescence of the CNDs with TNP gradually transitioned from orange to green upon irradiation by a UV lamp, and the colorimetric response transitioned from pink to blue to colorless, which ensured effective multi-response detection of TNP. In addition, the CNDs exhibited bright fluorescence, excellent biocompatibility and low toxicity, making them high-quality fluorescent probes for cellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 P. R. China
| | - Liying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 P. R. China
| | - Baoya Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 P. R. China
| | - Fang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 P. R. China
| | - Chungang Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
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38
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Li L, Lian Z, Yan X, Xia M, Zhang M. An evaporation induced self-assembly approach to prepare polymorphic carbon dot fluorescent nanoprobes for protein labelling. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13123-13126. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05860a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel route to prepare polymorphic carbon dot fluorescent probes via the evaporation-induced self-assembly of glutaraldehyde and carbon dots, which first usually form carbon nanoclusters which then could self-assemble to form carbon nanocrystals, nanospheres or nanofibers in different ionic strength solutions at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemo Biosensing
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Zhongyu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemo Biosensing
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Xi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemo Biosensing
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Meng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemo Biosensing
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Mingcui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemo Biosensing
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
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