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Zhang Z, Yu C, Wu Y, Wang Z, Xu H, Yan Y, Zhan Z, Yin S. Semiconducting polymer dots for multifunctional integrated nanomedicine carriers. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101028. [PMID: 38590985 PMCID: PMC11000120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The expansion applications of semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) among optical nanomaterial field have long posed a challenge for researchers, promoting their intelligent application in multifunctional nano-imaging systems and integrated nanomedicine carriers for diagnosis and treatment. Despite notable progress, several inadequacies still persist in the field of Pdots, including the development of simplified near-infrared (NIR) optical nanoprobes, elucidation of their inherent biological behavior, and integration of information processing and nanotechnology into biomedical applications. This review aims to comprehensively elucidate the current status of Pdots as a classical nanophotonic material by discussing its advantages and limitations in terms of biocompatibility, adaptability to microenvironments in vivo, etc. Multifunctional integration and surface chemistry play crucial roles in realizing the intelligent application of Pdots. Information visualization based on their optical and physicochemical properties is pivotal for achieving detection, sensing, and labeling probes. Therefore, we have refined the underlying mechanisms and constructed multiple comprehensive original mechanism summaries to establish a benchmark. Additionally, we have explored the cross-linking interactions between Pdots and nanomedicine, potential yet complete biological metabolic pathways, future research directions, and innovative solutions for integrating diagnosis and treatment strategies. This review presents the possible expectations and valuable insights for advancing Pdots, specifically from chemical, medical, and photophysical practitioners' standpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery II, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Chenhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No.2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Yuyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No.2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No.2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Haotian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, PR China
| | - Yining Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, PR China
| | - Zhixin Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Shengyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No.2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
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Liu J, Yang L, Li S, Zhang K, Zhou X, Li G, Wu L, Qin Y. Near-infrared electrochemiluminescence biosensors facilitated by thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for ctDNA analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116103. [PMID: 38382269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The near-infrared electrochemiluminescence technique (NIR ECL) has gained significant attention as a powerful analytical tool in biomedicine and clinical diagnosis due to its inherent advantages. In this work, we successfully synthesized a novel NIR ECL emitter of TPA-DCPP nanoparticles (NPs) with a D-π-A-π-D configuration. By utilizing the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) property, we achieved enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission through complete exciton harvesting for radiative decay. Specifically, when BDEA was used as a co-reactant, the TPA-DCPP NPs exhibited strong bandgap ECL emission. Additionally, they demonstrated an exceptionally higher ECL efficiency compared to conventional near-infrared fluorescence organic nanomaterials (BSeT-BT NPs). By integrating the efficient anodic ECL performance of TPA-DCPP NPs with Exo III-assisted polymerase enzyme reaction cascade amplification, a highly efficient ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) platform was developed for ultrasensitive detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The established biosensor demonstrated an exceptional linear dynamic range and achieved attomolar-level detection limit. This study highlights the immense potential of TADF emitters in enhancing ECL efficiency and extends the emission wavelength of organic nanomaterials to the NIR region, thereby expanding their applications in biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Liu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China
| | - Luxia Yang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China
| | - Shijie Li
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China
| | - Guo Li
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China
| | - Li Wu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China.
| | - Yuling Qin
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China.
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3
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Li L, Chen W, Hu X, Tang Z, Wang C, Ju H. Coupled Poly(ethylenimine) Coreactant to Enhance Electrochemiluminescence of Polymer Dots for Array Imaging of Protein Biomarkers. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4308-4313. [PMID: 38418287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Traditional electrochemiluminescent (ECL) bioanalysis suffers from the demand for excessive external coreactants and the damage of reaction intermediates. In this work, a poly(ethylenimine) (PEI)-coupled ECL emitter was proposed by covalently coupling tertiary amine-rich PEI to polymer dots (Pdots). The coupled PEI might act as a highly efficient coreactant to enhance the ECL emission of Pdots through intramolecular electron transfer, reducing the electron transfer distance between emitter and coreactant intermediates and avoiding the disadvantages of traditional ECL systems. Through modification of the PEI-Pdots with tDNA, a sequence partially complementary to cDNA that was complementary to the aptamer of target protein biomarker (aDNA), tDNA-PEI-Pdots were obtained. The biosensors were produced using Au/indium tin oxide (ITO) with an aDNA/cDNA hybrid, and an ECL imaging biosensor array was constructed for ultrasensitive detection of protein biomarkers. Using vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) as a protein model, the proposed ECL imaging method containing two simple incubations with target samples and then tDNA-PEI-Pdots showed a detectable range of 1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 and a detection limit of 0.71 pg mL-1, as well as excellent performance such as low toxicity, high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, good accuracy, and acceptable fabrication reproducibility. The PEI-coupled Pdots provide a new avenue for the design of ECL emitters and the application of ECL imaging in disease biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangfu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Zhu Z, Zeng C, Zhao Y, Ma J, Yao X, Huo S, Feng Y, Wang M, Lu X. Precise Modulation of Intramolecular Aggregation-induced Electrochemiluminescence by Tetraphenylethylene-based Supramolecular Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312692. [PMID: 37747050 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The precisely modulated synthesis of programmable light-emitting materials remains a challenge. To address this challenge, we construct four tetraphenylethylene-based supramolecular architectures (SA, SB, SC, and SD), revealing that they exhibit higher electrochemiluminescence (ECL) intensities and efficiencies than the tetraphenylethylene monomer and can be classified as highly efficient and precisely modulated intramolecular aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (PI-AIECL) systems. The best-performing system (SD) shows a high ECL cathodic efficiency exceeding that of the benchmark tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chloride in aqueous solution by nearly six-fold. The electrochemical characterization of these architectures in an organic solvent provides deeper mechanistic insights, revealing that SD features the lowest electrochemical band gap. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the band gap of the guest ligand in the SD structure is the smallest and most closely matched to that of the host scaffold. Finally, the SD system is used to realize ECL-based cysteine detection (detection limit=14.4 nM) in real samples. Thus, this study not only provides a precisely modulated supramolecular strategy allowing chromophores to be controllably regulated on a molecular scale, but also inspires the programmable synthesis of high-performance aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (NWNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (NWNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (NWNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (NWNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Huo
- Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (NWNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (NWNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection (NWNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, 730070, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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Hua Y, Ren X, Ma H, Wu D, Song X, Wang H, Yang L, Fan D, Wei Q. Facile preparation of poly-(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) encapsulated Iridium(III) complexes as highly efficient electrochemiluminescence indicators for sensitive immunoassay of CYFRA 21-1. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1274:341512. [PMID: 37455067 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Exploring facile strategy for developing highly efficient emitters using water-insoluble luminophores has become a vital topic in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay. In this work, an ECL-active and water-dispersive iridium(III) complex-based polymer dots (IrPdots) was fabricated by encapsulating water-insoluble tris[1-phenylisoquinolinato-C2, N] iridium(III) complexes [Ir(piq)3] into poly-(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA) matrix by a controllable nanoprecipitation process. The obtained IrPdots generated strong ECL signals in the presence of tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) and were used to label detection antibody (Ab2) to act as ECL probes to indicate the signal changes when analyzing target antigen. To construct a sandwich immunosensor, Pd nanoparticles (NPs) decorated MoS2/Ti3C2Tx MXene nanocomposites (MoS2/Ti3C2Tx MXene/Pd) were fabricated as substrates to bind capture antibody (Ab1), which could further amplify ECL signals via a coreaction-accelerating pathway to improve the detection sensitivity. When the cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) was chosen as model analyte, the developed immunosensor displayed a good linear relationship ranging from 0.1 pg/mL to 50 ng/mL with a low detection limit of 95 fg/mL (S/N = 3) was achieved as well. This research proposed a facile and effective method of fabricating IrPdots as ECL probes for immunoassay using water-insoluble iridium complexes, which expanded the application scope of those water-insoluble luminophores for aqueous bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Hua
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xianzhen Song
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Dawei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China; Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Wang C, Liu S, Ju H. Electrochemiluminescence nanoemitters for immunoassay of protein biomarkers. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 149:108281. [PMID: 36283193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The family of electrochemiluminescent luminophores has witnessed quick development since the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) phenomenon of silicon nanoparticles was first reported in 2002. Moreover, these developed ECL nanoemitters have extensively been applied in sensitive detection of protein biomarker by combining with immunological recognition. This review firstly summarized the origin and development of various ECL nanoemitters including inorganic and organic nanomaterials, with an emphasis on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based ECL nanoemitters. Several effective strategies to amplify the ECL response of nanoemitters and improve the sensitivity of immunosensing were discussed. The application of ECL nanoemitters in immunoassay of protein biomarkers for diagnosis of cancers and other diseases, especially lung cancer and heart diseases, was comprehensively presented. The recent development of ECL imaging with the nanoemitters as ECL tags for detection of multiplex protein biomarkers on single cell membrane also attracted attention. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges in the ECL biosensing field were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Shen Y, Gao X, Lu HJ, Nie C, Wang J. Electrochemiluminescence-based innovative sensors for monitoring the residual levels of heavy metal ions in environment-related matrices. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Wang C, Wu J, Huang H, Xu Q, Ju H. Electrochemiluminescence of Polymer Dots Featuring Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for Sensitive DNA Methylation Detection. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15695-15702. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Research & Development Center, Canon Medical Systems (China) Co., Ltd.Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Qiqi Xu
- Research & Development Center, Canon Medical Systems (China) Co., Ltd.Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
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Feng Y, Wang N, Ju H. Electrochemiluminescence biosensing and bioimaging with nanomaterials as emitters. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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He Y, Yang G, Zhao J, Tan K, Yuan R, Chen S. Potentially tunable ratiometric electrochemiluminescence sensing based on conjugated polymer nanoparticle for organophosphorus pesticides detection. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128699. [PMID: 35325864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In general, suitable double luminophores and their coreactants are necessary for constructing electrochemiluminescence (ECL) ratio strategy. However, the complexity of matching double luminophores and the stability and repeatability problem suffered by introducing exogenous coreactant would greatly limit the application of ratio detection. An original single-luminophore-based ECL ratio sensing was developed excluding any exogenous coreactants in this work. The poly [9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)- 2,7-fluorene]-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] nanoparticles (PFN NPs) were explored to emit two anodic ECL signals. One centered at + 1.25 V (ECL-1) with the scanning potential of 0 ~ + 1.25 V and the other at + 1.95 V (ECL-2) with the scanning potential of 0 ~ + 1.95 V. ECL-1 showed a very strong emission without any exogenous coreactant. Importantly, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was able to efficiently weaken ECL-1 but strengthen ECL-2. When organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) were absent, the immobilized acetylcholinesterase-choline oxidase (AChE-ChOx) would catalyze the substrate acetylthiocholine chloride (ATCl) to produce H2O2, resulting in a quenched ECL-1 and an enhanced ECL-2. With the introduction of OPs, ECL-1 increased while ECL-2 accordingly decreased as OPs prohibited production of H2O2 by inhibiting activity of AChE. Highly sensitive ECL ratio detection for OPs was realized based on the change of the ratio of two signals. The dual anode emission properties of PFN NPs coupled with the opposite regulation of H2O2 on the two signals paved a new avenue for potentially tunable ECL ratio sensing strategy, and showed enormous potential applications for OPs analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Guomin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jinwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Kejun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shihong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Zhu Y, He J, Wang Q, Chen A, Aa J, Wang G. Accurate biodetection of trace uranium by electrochemiluminescence and its application inIn vivo toxicokinetic dynamic research. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 215:114489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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12
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Wang Z, Guo H, Luo Z, Duan Y, Feng Y. Low-Triggering-Potential Electrochemiluminescence from a Luminol Analogue Functionalized Semiconducting Polymer Dots for Imaging Detection of Blood Glucose. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5615-5623. [PMID: 35352933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) as environmentally friendly and high-brightness electrochemiluminescence (ECL) nanoemitters have attracted intense attention in ECL biosensing and imaging. However, most of the available Pdots have a high ECL excitation potential in the aqueous phase (>1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl), which causes poor selectivity in actual sample detection. Therefore, it is particularly important to construct a simple and universal strategy to lower the trigger potential of Pdots. This work has realized the ECL emission of Pdots at low-trigger-potential based on the electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ERET) strategy. By covalently coupling the Pdots with a luminol analogue, N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI), the ABEI-Pdots showed an anodic ECL emission with a low onset potential of +0.34 V and a peak potential at +0.45 V (vs Ag/AgCl), which was the lowest trigger potential reported so far. We further explored this low-triggering-potential ECL for imaging detection of glucose in buffer and serum. By imaging the ABEI-Pdots-modified screen-printed electrodes (SPCE) at +0.45 V for 16 s, the ECL imaging method could quantify the glucose concentration in buffer from 10 to 200 μM with detection limits of 3.3 μM, while exhibiting excellent selectivity. When applied to real serum, the results of our method were highly consistent with a commercial blood glucose meter, with the relative errors ranging from 3.2 to 13%. This work provided a universal strategy for constructing low potential Pdots and demonstrated its application potential in complex biological sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanzhuan Wang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijing Guo
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewei Luo
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqiang Feng
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, He Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Yuan R, Chen S. Hydrophobic Localized Enrichment of Co-reactants to Enhance Electrochemiluminescence of Conjugated Polymers for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Proteins. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4446-4454. [PMID: 35230820 PMCID: PMC8903209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The enrichment of co-reactants is one of the keys to improving the sensitivity of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection. This work developed a novel hydrophobic localized enrichment strategy of co-reactants utilizing the inner hydrophobic cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) were grown in situ on the coordination sites for metal ions of β-CD to prepare the β-CD-Pt nanocomposite, which could not only enrich co-reactant 3-(dibutylamino) propylamine (TDBA) highly efficiently through its hydrophobic cavity but also immobilize TDBA via the Pt-N bond. Meanwhile, the carboxyl-functionalized poly[2,5-dioctyl-1,4-phenylene] (PDP) polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) were developed as excellent ECL luminophores. With SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (ncovNP) as a model protein, the TDBA-β-CD-Pt nanocomposite combined PDP PNPs to construct a biosensor for ncovNP determination. The PDP PNPs were modified onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to capture the first antibody (Ab1) and further capture antigen and secondary antibody complexes (TDBA-β-CD-Pt@Ab2). The resultant biosensor with a sandwich structure achieved a highly sensitive detection of ncovNP with a detection limit of 22 fg/mL. TDBA-β-CD-Pt shared with an inspiration in hydrophobic localized enrichment of co-reactants for improving the sensitivity of ECL detection. The luminophore PDP PNPs integrated TDBA-β-CD-Pt to provide a promising and sensitive ECL platform, offering a new method for ncovNP detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest
University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ying He
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest
University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jinwen Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest
University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Chongqing
Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing 402260, P. R.
China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest
University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Shihong Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest
University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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14
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Zhang X, Wang P, Nie Y, Ma Q. Recent development of organic nanoemitter-based ECL sensing application. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Liu JL, Zhang JQ, Zhou Y, Xiao DR, Zhuo Y, Chai YQ, Yuan R. Crystallization-Induced Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence from Tetraphenyl Alkene Nanocrystals for Ultrasensitive Sensing. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10890-10897. [PMID: 34313108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic materials with diverse structures and brilliant glowing colors have been attracting extensive attention in optical electronic devices and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) fields and are currently faced with the issue of low ECL efficiency. Herein, a series of tetraphenyl alkene nanocrystals (TPA NCs) with an ordered molecular structure were synthesized to explore regularities in the crystallization-induced enhanced (CIE) ECL emission effects by altering the number and position of vinyl on the backbone of TPA molecules. Among those TPA NCs, tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene (TPB) NCs exhibit the brightest ECL emission via a coreactant pathway, with the relative ECL efficiency of up to 31.53% versus the standard [Ru(bpy)3]2+/TEA system, which is thousands of times higher than that of free TPB molecules. The high ECL efficiency of TPB NCs originates from the effective electron transfer of unique J-aggregates on the a axis of the nanocrystals to notably promote radiative transition and the restriction on the free rotation of TPB molecules to further suppress the nonradiative transition, which has exhibited great potential in ultrasensitive biosensing, efficient light-emitting devices, and clear ECL imaging fields. As a proof of concept, since dopamine (DA) can form benzoquinone species by electrochemical oxidation to realize intermediate radical quenching and excited-state quenching on the TPB NCs/TEA system, the TPB NCs with the CIE ECL effect are used to construct an ultrasensitive ECL-sensing platform for the determination of DA with a lower detection limit of 3.1 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Rong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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16
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Yan M, Xin J, Fan L, Ye J, Xiao T, Huang J, Yang X. Electrochemistry and Electrochemiluminescence of Coumarin Derivative Microrods: Mechanism Insights. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3461-3469. [PMID: 33573377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organic molecules and related nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention in the realm of electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Herein, a well-known electroluminescence (EL) dopant 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,1,7,7,-tetramethyl-1H,5H,11H-10-(2-benzothiazolyl)quinolizino-[9,9a,1gh] coumarin (C545T) is selected as a new ECL illuminant, which shows a high photoluminescence quantum yield of nearly 100% and excellent ECL performance in the organic phase. For utilizing C545T to achieve ECL detection in aqueous solution, organic microrods of C545T (C545T MRs) were synthesized by a precipitation method. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry of C545T and C545T MRs in acetonitrile or phosphate buffer showed one reduction and multiple oxidation peaks, suggesting that the multiple charge states of C545T could be produced by continuous electron- or hole-injection processes. The annihilated ECL emission of C545T and C545T MRs was observed using ECL transient technology. In the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA) or potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), C545T MRs can also give bright anodic and cathodic ECL emission at the GCE/water interface. The proposed ECL system not only has multichannel ECL emission but also shows intense yellow emission (569 nm) with a relative ECL efficiency of 0.81 when TEOA was used as a coreactant. Benefiting from the strong ECL emission of the C545T MRs/TEOA system and the quenching effect of dopamine (DA) on ECL, a convenient sensor for DA was developed with high selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianhui Xin
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Libing Fan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Jing Ye
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianshe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiurong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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17
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Gao H, Han W, Qi H, Gao Q, Zhang C. Electrochemiluminescence Imaging for the Morphological and Quantitative Analysis of Living Cells under External Stimulation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8278-8284. [PMID: 32458679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a simple electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging method based on the cell shield of the ECL emission was developed for the morphological and quantitative analysis of living cells under external stimulation. ECL images of MCF-7 cells cultured on or captured at the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface in a solution of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)-tri-n-propylamine were recorded. Important morphological characteristics of living cells, including cell shape, cell area, average cell boundary, and junction distance between two adjacent cells, were directly obtained using the developed negative ECL imaging method. The ECL images revealed gradual morphological changes in cells on the GCE surface. During the course of H2O2 stimulation of cells on the GCE surface, cells shrunk, rounded up, disengaged from surrounding cells, and finally detached from the electrode surface. During the course of electrical stimulation (0.8 V), the cells on the GCE surface exhibited aggregation as demonstrated by increases in the average cell boundary and decreases in the junction distance between two adjacent cells. Additionally, a quantitative method for the sensitive determination of MCF-7 cells with a limit of detection of 29 cells/mL was developed using the negative ECL imaging strategy. This work demonstrates that the proposed negative ECL imaging strategy is a promising approach to assess important morphological characteristics of living cells during the course of external stimulation and to obtain quantitative information on cell concentrations in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Weijuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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18
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Ma Q. Recent Advances in Visual Electrochemiluminescence Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-020-00129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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19
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Fereja TH, Du F, Wang C, Snizhko D, Guan Y, Xu G. Electrochemiluminescence Imaging Techniques for Analysis and Visualizing. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-020-00128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Cao Y, Zhu W, Li L, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Lin Y, Zhu JJ. Size-selected and surface-passivated CsPbBr 3 perovskite nanocrystals for self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence in aqueous media. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:7321-7329. [PMID: 32202287 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized via a ligand-assisted reprecipitation method (LCPB) were discovered to emit self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) with the surface oleylamine as both a coreactant and a stabilizer. Solvent regulation and tri-n-octylphosphine post-treatment were manipulated for size-selected and surface-passivated LCPBs, which showed remarkable aqueous ECL performance with respect to efficiency and stability. Furthermore, thanks to the self-enhancement mode with a shorter charge transfer pathway and less energy loss, the ECL efficiency obtained for these as-synthesized LCPBs in aqueous solution without any additional coreactant was up to 57.08% using the Ru(bpy)32+-tripropylamine system as the standard. As a proof-of-concept, the products were successfully employed for the bioanalyses of hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid, and cancer cells based on inhibition, coreaction, and impedance detection principles, respectively. More importantly, the basic properties of LCPBs in aqueous media including surface chemistry, charge transfer process, and ECL mechanism were studied systematically. Such efforts are aimed at perfecting the fundamental research of all-inorganic perovskite NCs and opening an avenue for the design of highly crystalline and luminescent perovskites as advanced ECL emitters for applications in the ECL domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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21
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He Y, Du J, Luo J, Chen S, Yuan R. Coreactant-free electrochemiluminescence biosensor for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 150:111898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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22
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Ma C, Cao Y, Gou X, Zhu JJ. Recent Progress in Electrochemiluminescence Sensing and Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 92:431-454. [PMID: 31679341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
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23
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Wei X, Zhu MJ, Yan H, Lu C, Xu JJ. Recent Advances in Aggregation-Induced Electrochemiluminescence. Chemistry 2019; 25:12671-12683. [PMID: 31283848 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the rising alliance between aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is defined as aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL). The booming science of AIE has proved to be not only distinguished in luminescent materials but could also inject new possibility into ECL analysis. Especially in the aqueous phase and solid state for hydrophobic materials, AIE helps ECL circumvent the dilemma between substantial emission intensity and biocompatible media. The wide range of analytes makes ECL an overwhelmingly interesting analytical technique. Therefore, AIECL has gained potential in clinical diagnostics, environmental assays, and biomarker detections. This review will focus on introduction of the novel concept of AIECL, current applied luminophores, and related applications developed in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Jiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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24
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Wang N, Wang Z, Chen L, Chen W, Quan Y, Cheng Y, Ju H. Dual resonance energy transfer in triple-component polymer dots to enhance electrochemiluminescence for highly sensitive bioanalysis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6815-6820. [PMID: 31391903 PMCID: PMC6657406 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer dots (Pdots) have become a type of attractive illuminant for electrochemiluminescence (ECL). However, the low ECL efficiency severely limits their practicability. Here, we design a dual intramolecular resonance energy transfer (RET) mechanism with newly synthesized triple-component Pdots to achieve great ECL enhancement. This mechanism efficiently shortens the path of energy transmission, thus greatly promoting the ECL amplification by 380 and 31 times compared to systems with no and single RET, and results in a relative ECL efficiency of 23.1% (vs. 1 mM Ru(bpy)32+). Using metal-organic frameworks to carry the triple-component Pdots, a highly luminescent probe is proposed. By integrating the probe with target-mediated enzymatic circulation amplification and DNA arrays, a highly sensitive ECL imaging method is designed for simultaneous visual analysis of two kinds of proteins, mucin 1 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, on living cells, which exhibited linear ranges of 1 pg mL-1 to 5 ng mL-1 and 5 pg mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1 with limits of detection of 1 pg mL-1 and 5 pg mL-1, respectively. The proposed strategy showed promising application in bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Lizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Weiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Yiwu Quan
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Yixiang Cheng
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
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25
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Yang L, Zhang B, Fu L, Fu K, Zou G. Efficient and Monochromatic Electrochemiluminescence of Aqueous‐Soluble Au Nanoclusters via Host–Guest Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6901-6905. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Li Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Kena Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
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26
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A novel fluorescent nanosensor based on small-sized conjugated polyelectrolyte dots for ultrasensitive detection of phytic acid. Talanta 2019; 202:214-220. [PMID: 31171173 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel nanosensor is developed for selective and highly sensitive detection of phytic acid (PA) based on small-sized conjugated polyelectrolyte dots (Pdots) fabricated from a new conjugated polymer (P1) by a modified reprecipitation method. P1 featuring a π-delocalized backbone bearing meta-substituted pyridyl groups can be endowed with enhanced flexibility and hence is beneficial for the synthesis of ultrasmall Pdots (i.e. Pdot-1, ∼3.8 nm in average diameter) as well as for the binding of Fe3+, thus leading to the obvious fluorescence quenching of Pdot-1 (∼444 nm) in the presence of Fe3+ via an electron transfer (ET) process. In addition, phytic acid with six phosphate groups exhibits strong chelating ability. When phytic acid is added, phytic acid readily binds to Fe3+ and the fluorescence of Pdot-1 around 444 nm can be recovered, rendering the supersensitive and selective sensing of PA. Under the optimum conditions, this ultra-small Pdot-based nanoprobe favors the fluorescent determination of PA with the detection limit as low as 10 nM. Particularly, Pdot-1 with bright blue fluorescence exhibits low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the small-sized and biocompatible Pdot-1 can be applied to the sensitive fluorescence assay for PA in cell extracts and the efficient imaging of PA in live cells.
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27
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Yang L, Zhang B, Fu L, Fu K, Zou G. Efficient and Monochromatic Electrochemiluminescence of Aqueous‐Soluble Au Nanoclusters via Host–Guest Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Li Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Kena Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
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28
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Xu X, Qin X, Wang L, Wang X, Lu J, Qiu X, Zhu Y. Lanthanide terbium complex: synthesis, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) performance, and sensing application. Analyst 2019; 144:2359-2366. [PMID: 30793728 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new lanthanide terbium complex, Tb(pzda)3(NO3)3·nH2O, was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that the as-synthesized Tb-complex exhibited good electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behavior in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA) in a HAc-NaAc buffer solution on a glassy carbon electrode. The possible reaction mechanism has been discussed based on the fluorescence spectra and ECL spectra. For sensing applications, it was found that protocatechuic acid (PCA) had an obvious quenching effect on the ECL signal of the Tb-complex, and this resulted in a decreased ECL signal associated with the concentration of PCA. Therefore, a highly sensitive method for the detection of PCA was established with a linear range of 1.283 × 10-10 M to 3.845 × 10-4 M and a detection limit of 0.085 nM at an S/N ratio of 3. This novel ECL assay strategy with an outstanding ECL efficiency offers great potential for pharmaceutical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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29
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Ramírez-Pradilla JS, Blanco-Tirado C, Combariza MY. Electron-Transfer Ionization of Nanoparticles, Polymers, Porphyrins, and Fullerenes Using Synthetically Tunable α-Cyanophenylenevinylenes as UV MALDI-MS Matrices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10975-10987. [PMID: 30794747 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electron-transfer ionization in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (ET-MALDI) is widely used for the analysis of functional materials that are labile, unstable, and reactive in nature. However, conventional ET matrices (e.g., trans-2-[3-(4- tert-butylphenyl)-2-methyl-2-propenylidene] malononitrile (DCTB)) still lack in performance due to cluster formation, reactivity with analytes, and vacuum instability. In this contribution, we report the use of α-cyanophenylenevinylene derivatives as UV MALDI matrices for the analysis, by ET ionization, of nanoparticles, polymers, porphyrins, and fullerenes. The synthetic versatility of the phenylenevinylene (PV) core allowed us to modulate physicochemical properties, fundamental for efficient formation of primary ions in the gas phase under MALDI conditions, such as planarity, ionization potentials, molar absorptivity, and laser thresholds. For instance, introduction of -CN groups in vinyl positions of the PV core induced structural disruption in planarity in the new α-CNPV derivatives, shifting their maximum molar absorptivity to UV wavelengths and increasing their ionization energy values above 8.0 eV. UV MALDI-relevant photophysical properties in solution and solid state are reported (λmax and ε355nm). LDI spectra of α-CNPVs exhibit predominant signals due to M+• and [M + H]+ species, whereas the standard matrix DCTB shows peaks associated with clusters and nondesirable products. The mass spectrometry (MS) performance of six α-CNPV derivatives was assessed for the ionization of a standard compound, with α-CNPV-CH3 and α-CNPV-OCH3 exhibiting better analytical figures of merit than those of a standard matrix (DCTB). These new matrices display high vacuum stability (79%) for up to 240 min of residence in the ionization source, in contrast with DCTB with 13%. Vacuum stability is vital, particularly for applications such as high-throughput analysis and imaging MS. In addition, when a mixture of 20 analytes (PAHs, porphyrins, and triphenylamine dyes) ranging from m/z 300 to 1700 was analyzed via ET-MALDI, we observed analyte coverage of 90% with the α-CNPV-CH3 derivative, whereas DCTB afforded only 70%. Finally, α-CNPV-CH3 was tested and compared with DCTB, as ET-MALDI matrix for petroporphyrins, conjugated polymers, gold nanoparticles, and fullerene derivatives analysis, outperforming in most cases the standard matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S Ramírez-Pradilla
- Escuela de Química , Universidad Industrial de Santander , Bucaramanga 680003 , Santander , Colombia
| | - Cristian Blanco-Tirado
- Escuela de Química , Universidad Industrial de Santander , Bucaramanga 680003 , Santander , Colombia
| | - Marianny Y Combariza
- Escuela de Química , Universidad Industrial de Santander , Bucaramanga 680003 , Santander , Colombia
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Zheng C, Sheng Y, Liu Y, Wan Y, Liu G, Zhang X, Yang M, Kang K, Liu J, Ma K, Deng S. Enhanced electrochemiluminescent brightness and stability of porphyrins by supramolecular pinning and pinching for sensitive zinc detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4797-4806. [PMID: 30747236 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection can benefit substantially from the rational configuration of emitter-enhancer stereochemistry. Here, using zinc(II) meso-5,10,15,20-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (ZnTSPP) as a model, we demonstrate that both the ECL intensity and the photostability of this emitter were significantly improved when it was trapped in pyridyl-bridged β-cyclodextrin dimer (Py(CD)2); a synthetic enhancer that is ECL inactive. Through NMR characterization, we confirmed that ZnTSPP formed a clam-like inclusion complex involving pinning and pinching forces from the biocompatible container Py(CD)2. Up to a threefold increase in the ECL brightness of ZnTSPP was witnessed when it was encapsulated in β-CD. Absorption and emission spectroscopic data revealed that both the extended excitation lifetime and the restricted mobility of the guest contributed to the observed improvement in signal transduction within the host molecule. This bioinspired entrapment also led to a marked boost in ECL stability. With the aid of the newly identified coreactant H2O2, the hollow TSPP@Py(CD)2 system was employed to create a Zn2+-selective probe that was capable of sensitive and accurate zinc detection. The observed increase in ECL conversion and enhanced photophysical properties of this compact supramolecular assembly render it a novel template for enhancing ECL in analytical applications. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufeng Sheng
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guang Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xutong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shengyuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China.
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Lv Y, Zhou Z, Shen Y, Zhou Q, Ji J, Liu S, Zhang Y. Coupled Fluorometer-Potentiostat System and Metal-Free Monochromatic Luminophores for High-Resolution Wavelength-Resolved Electrochemiluminescent Multiplex Bioassay. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1362-1367. [PMID: 29882407 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The sensitive simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers is critical for the early diagnosis of diseases. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) offers outstanding advantages, e.g., low background, over other optical sensing techniques. However, multiplexed ECL bioassay is hindered not only by the lack of generally available ECL spectrometers but also by the limited number of biocompatible monochromatic ECL luminophores for decades. Herein, we report addressing these issues by re-examination of the recent tabletop spectrofluorometer coupled potentiostat as a high-resolution ECL spectrum acquisition system and using carbon nitrides as monochromatic luminophores. A wavelength-resolved multiplexing ECL biosensor is demonstrated to simultaneously detect CA19-9 and mesothelin, two pancreatic cancer biomarkers, at a single-electrode interface. This work could initiate new opportunities for more general multiplex ECL biosensors with competitive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Lv
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhixin Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jingjing Ji
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Valenti G, Rampazzo E, Kesarkar S, Genovese D, Fiorani A, Zanut A, Palomba F, Marcaccio M, Paolucci F, Prodi L. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence from metal complexes-based nanoparticles for highly sensitive sensors applications. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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33
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Wang N, Feng Y, Wang Y, Ju H, Yan F. Electrochemiluminescent Imaging for Multi-immunoassay Sensitized by Dual DNA Amplification of Polymer Dot Signal. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7708-7714. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yaqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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