1
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Xiong K, Liu H, Du F, Li L, Qian Y. Direct potentiometric bicarbonate/carbon dioxide sensing based on polymeric membranes doped with selective meso-bisubstituted calix[4]pyrrole ionophores. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 39007206 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated in this work the properties of a promising class of HCO3- ionophores, which have not been recognized previously. Three types of neutral or charged calix[4]pyrroles with meso-bisubstituted groups were evaluated as ionophores for polymeric membrane HCO3- selective electrodes. Optimizing membrane components, such as ionophores, lipophilic additives and plasticizers, yielded ISEs exhibiting Nernstian response to HCO3- with improved linear range and detection limits, while the selectivity sequence differs significantly from the Hofmeister series. Interference from important biological and environmental species was reduced significantly, especially that from SCN-, NO3-, Br- and Cl-, which are always at high concentrations in related samples. In order to provide more insights into the properties of the ionophores and performance of the proposed ISEs, the stability constants of anion-ionophore complexes in the membrane phase were determined. Studies on the influence of the sample solution pH demonstrated that the proposed ISEs can be employed in a wide pH range of 3.0-9.0 with fast response (<30 s), good reversibility and long shelf life. Moreover, the proposed ISEs were used to quantify the concentration of HCO3- and dissolved CO2 in mineral and beverage samples with good recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesi Xiong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Fanglin Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Long Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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2
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Chvojka M, Madea D, Valkenier H, Šindelář V. Tuning CH Hydrogen Bond-Based Receptors toward Picomolar Anion Affinity via the Inductive Effect of Distant Substituents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202318261. [PMID: 38063265 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by nature, artificial hydrogen bond-based anion receptors have been developed to achieve high anion selectivity; however, their binding affinity is usually low. The potency of these receptors is usually increased by the introduction of aryl substituents, which withdraw electrons from their binding site through the resonance effect. Here, we show that the polarization of the C(sp3 )-H binding site of bambusuril receptors, and thus their potency to bind anions, can be modulated by the inductive effect. The presence of electron-withdrawing groups on benzyl substituents of bambusurils significantly increases their binding affinities to halides, resulting in the strongest iodide receptor reported to date with an association constant greater than 1013 M-1 in acetonitrile. A Hammett plot showed that while the bambusuril affinity toward halides linearly increases with the electron-withdrawing power of their substituents, their binding selectivity remains essentially unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Chvojka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominik Madea
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hennie Valkenier
- Engineering of Molecular NanoSystems, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP165/64, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vladimír Šindelář
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Yan S, Feng G, Geng J, Feng F, Ma H, Huang W. Tunable Construction of Sandwich-Type Double-[1 + 1] and Half-Folded [2 + 2] Schiff-Base Complexes Controlled by the Combination of Primary and Secondary Template Effects. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20994-21003. [PMID: 36495277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The first-row transition-metal ions Mn2+-Cu2+ could serve as effective templates to construct three types of double-[1 + 1], [2 + 2], and [1 + 1] Schiff-base dinuclear macrocyclic complexes in the presence of dialdehydes with different pendant arms and a common 1,8-diamine. The extremely flexible nature of macrocyclic ligands allows for the multiple template-directed syntheses, but the final products could be finely tuned by the subtle variations of Mn2+-Cu2+ ions in a 3d-electronic configuration, radius, and coordination number/geometry as well as the auxiliary (pendant-armed and anionic) template effect at the same time. Two borderlines are observed at the Co2+ ion for forming double-[1 + 1] and [2 + 2] metallacycles involving the H2pdd precursor and the [1 + 1] Cu2+ complex for double-[1 + 1] and [2 + 2] macrocycles containing the H2hpdd unit, respectively. The structural diversity is originated from the non-perfect match between [1 + 1]/[2 + 2] Schiff-base macrocycles and dinuclear metal centers; hence, a compromise between the metal coordination modes and alterations of the ligand conformation takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqiong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Genfeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Fanda Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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4
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Li L, Tang J, Liu H, Qian Y. Highly Selective Potentiometric Sensing of Biologically Relevant Pyrophosphate and Lysophosphatidic Acid Using N-Alkyl/Aryl Ammonium Resorcinarenes/Extended-Resorcinarenes as Ionophores. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14854-14860. [PMID: 36260062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ionophore properties of four kinds of N-alkyl/aryl ammonium resorcinarenes and extended-resorcinarenes were inspected for the first time to fabricate polymeric membrane electrodes for determination of biologically relevant pyrophosphate (PPi) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). The proposed ion selective electrodes (ISEs) showed significant preference for PPi and LPA with significant selectivity pattern differences from the Hofmeister series. To gain further insight into the performances of the developed ISEs, the binding constants of ionophore-anion complexes in the plasticized membrane phase were investigated, along with the optimized geometries and calculated electrostatic potential. Nernstian potential responses with good reversibility to target anions can be observed when shifting the optimized membranes in aqueous solutions in the concentration range from 10-6.5 to 10-2.3/10-2.2 M. Moreover, potentiometric sensings of PPi and LPA in mineral water and artificial serum were achieved in low μM concentration range, demonstrating their promising real-world applications. These results provide a promising avenue for the development of polymeric membrane electrodes for biological relevant anions and will broaden the scope of potentiometric sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jing Tang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yi Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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5
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Li L, Liu H, Tang J, Zhang P, Qian Y. Anchoring H-Bond Donating/Accepting Pyrrolic Derivatives on Preorganized Scaffolds: Conformationally Switchable Bipedal/Tripodal and Locked Molecular Cage Ionophores for Potentiometric Sensing of Phosphate and Fluoride. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13762-13769. [PMID: 36165493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ionophore properties of a myriad of conformationally switchable bipedal/tripodal receptors and locked molecular cages were evaluated here for the first time to fabricate potentiometric sensors for the determination of environmentally important phosphate and fluoride. Owing to the competent ionophore properties such as high binding selectivity and affinity, the developed ion-selective electrodes displayed response preference for phosphate and fluoride with a selectivity pattern that differs distinctly from traditional Hofmeister series. Binding constants of the ionophore-anion complexes are determined to underscore how modifications in the preorganization and H-bond donating/accepting ability of a given series of ionophores can be exploited to improve the performance for potentiometric sensing. While conformationally switchable bipedal/tripodal ionophores prefer tetrahedral oxyanions, locked molecular cages shift their preference to spherical halides gradually. Nernstian potential responses with good reversibility to target anions can be observed when shifting the optimized membrane electrodes in aqueous solutions within the concentration range of 10-6.5-10-2.0 M. Moreover, potentiometric determination of phosphate and fluoride in mineral water, soil, and tap water samples was achieved in a low μM concentration range with high accuracy, confirming their promising utility in real world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jing Tang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yi Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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6
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Li L, Liu H, Tang J, Du P, Zhang Y, Qian Y. Embedding of Functionalized Coordination Cages and a Molecular Knot in a Polymeric Membrane for Potentiometric Sensing of Environmentally Important Oxyanions and Halides. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1602-1611. [PMID: 35499166 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Three kinds of coordination cages and a molecular knot with inductively activated +P-H, N-H, or C-H hydrogen bond donors anchoring in the functionalized cavities were inspected as ionophores to develop polymeric membrane ISEs for potentiometric sensing of environmentally important oxyanions and halides. The proposed ISEs displayed significant preference for perrhenate, phosphate, or chloride with a selectivity pattern distinctively different from the sequence depending on the Gibbs free energy of hydration owing to the high degree of shape, charge, and size selectivity originating from the rigidity and complementarity of the binding cavities. To gain further insight into the response characters of the proposed ISEs, the binding constants of ionophore-anion complexes in the membrane phase were investigated, and the binding affinity, together with the Hofmeister series, correlates well with the determined selectivity pattern of the proposed ISEs. Optimizing the composition of the membrane such as lipophilic additives and plasticizers produced ISEs displaying Nernstian/near-Nernstian potentiometric responses to primary anions with a wide linear range, improved detection limits, good reversibility, and satisfying lifetime. Potentiometric determination of perrhenate, phosphate, and chloride in river water, mineral water, and artificial serum samples was achieved with good recovery and accuracy using the proposed ISEs, demonstrating their potential for real-life applications. These results will shed new light on how novel ionophores could be designed for potentiometric sensing and broaden the scope of host-guest chemistry of coordination cages and molecular knots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Jing Tang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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7
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Kazmierczak NP, Chew JA, Vander Griend DA. Bootstrap methods for quantifying the uncertainty of binding constants in the hard modeling of spectrophotometric titration data. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1227:339834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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8
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Mahalingavelar P, Kanvah S. α-Cyanostilbene: A Multifunctional Spectral Engineering Motif. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23049-23075. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02686d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable photophysical phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission offers excellent strategies to obtain the molecular materials possessing unique spectral signatures such as high fluorescence intensity, excellent quantum yield, large Stokes shift...
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9
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Kumari A, Dehaen W, Chopra D, Dey S. Imidazopyridine–fluoride interaction: solvent-switched AIE effects via S⋯O conformational locking. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Imidazopyridine-based carboxamide exhibiting the aggregation-induced emission phenomenon works effectively in fluoride ion detection through H-bond interaction and subsequent deprotonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Crystallography & Crystal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, IISER Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Swapan Dey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India
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10
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Kim S, Kim J, Lee D. Making Waxy Salts in Water: Synthetic Control of Hydrophobicity for Anion‐Induced and Aggregation‐Enhanced Light Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soohyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
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11
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Kim S, Kim J, Lee D. Making Waxy Salts in Water: Synthetic Control of Hydrophobicity for Anion-Induced and Aggregation-Enhanced Light Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10858-10864. [PMID: 33619856 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We show that multipodal polycationic receptors function as anion-responsive light-emitters in water. Prevailing paradigms utilize rigid holes and cavities for ion recognition. We instead built open amphiphilic scaffolds that trigger polar-to-nonpolar environment transitions around cationic fluorophores upon anion complexation. This ion-pairing and aggregation event produces a dramatic enhancement in the emission intensity, as demonstrated by perchlorate as a non-spherical hydrophobic anion model. A synergetic interplay of C-H⋅⋅⋅anion hydrogen bonding and tight anion-π+ contacts underpins this supramolecular phenomenon. By changing the aliphatic chain length, we demonstrate that the response profile and threshold of this signaling event can be controlled at the molecular level. With appropriate molecular design, inherently weak, ill-defined, and non-directional van der Waals interaction enables selective, sensitive, and tunable recognition in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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12
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Zeynaloo E, Zahran EM, Fatila EM, Flood AH, Bachas LG. Anion-Selective Electrodes Based On a CH-Hydrogen Bonding Bis-macrocyclic Ionophore with a Clamshell Architecture. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5412-5419. [PMID: 33769044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CH-hydrogen bonding provides access to new building blocks for making macrocyclic ionophores with high degrees of preorganization and selective anion recognition. In this study, an anion-binding ionophore in the shape of a clamshell (ClS) was employed that is composed of two cyanostar (CNstar) macrocycles with preorganized cavities linked with a 12-carbon chain. This ionophore allows for anion complexation by CH-hydrogen bonding. The potentiometric performance of membrane-based ion-selective electrodes incorporating this ionophore was evaluated. Different membrane compositions were prepared to determine the optimum concentrations of the ionophore and lipophilic additive in the membrane. The optimized electrode had a slope of -58.2 mV/decade and demonstrated an anti-Hofmeister selectivity pattern toward iodide with a nanomolar detection limit. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was employed to study the relative association strengths of ClS with various anions. The observed mass peaks of the ion-ionophore complexes were found to be consistent with the potentiometric selectivity pattern of the corresponding electrodes. Overall, the selectivity of the electrode could be altered by using an ionophore in which the two CNstar macrocycles are linked together with a flexible 12-carbon chain to control the molecularity of the binding event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Zeynaloo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Elsayed M Zahran
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States
| | - Elisabeth M Fatila
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Leonidas G Bachas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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13
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Fadler RE, Al Ouahabi A, Qiao B, Carta V, König NF, Gao X, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Lutz JF, Flood AH. Chain Entropy Beats Hydrogen Bonds to Unfold and Thread Dialcohol Phosphates inside Cyanostar Macrocycles To Form [3]Pseudorotaxanes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4532-4546. [PMID: 33636075 PMCID: PMC8063573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of substituted phosphates underpins many processes including DNA binding, enantioselective catalysis, and recently template-directed rotaxane synthesis. Beyond ATP and a few commercial substrates, however, little is known about how substituents effect organophosphate recognition. Here, we examined alcohol substituents and their impact on recognition by cyanostar macrocycles. The organophosphates were disubstituted by alcohols of various chain lengths, dipropanol, dihexanol, and didecanol phosphate, each accessed using modular solid-phases syntheses. Based on the known size-selective binding of phosphates by π-stacked dimers of cyanostars, threaded [3]pseudorotaxanes were anticipated. While seen with butyl substituents, pseudorotaxane formation was disrupted by competitive OH···O- hydrogen bonding between both terminal hydroxyls and the anionic phosphate unit. Crystallography also showed formation of a backfolded propanol conformation resulting in an 8-membered ring and a perched cyanostar assembly. Motivated by established entropic penalties accompanying ring formation, we reinstated [3]pseudorotaxanes by extending the size of the substituent to hexanol and decanol. Chain entropy overcomes the enthalpically favored OH···O- contacts to favor random-coil conformations required for seamless, high-fidelity threading of dihexanol and didecanol phosphates inside cyanostars. These studies highlight how chain length and functional groups on phosphate's substituents can be powerful design tools to regulate binding and control assembly formation during phosphate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Fadler
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Niklas F König
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Xinfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yankai Zhang
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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14
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Liu Y, Parks FC, Sheetz EG, Chen CH, Flood AH. Polarity-Tolerant Chloride Binding in Foldamer Capsules by Programmed Solvent-Exclusion. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3191-3204. [PMID: 33596052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Persistent anion binding in a wide range of solution environments is a key challenge that continues to motivate and demand new strategies in synthetic receptor design. Though strong binding in low-polarity solvents has become routine, our ability to maintain high affinities in high-polarity solvents has not yet reached the standard set by nature. Anions are bound and transported regularly in aqueous environments by proteins that use secondary and tertiary structure to isolate anion binding sites from water. Inspired by this principle of solvent exclusion, we created a sequence-defined foldameric capsule whose global minimum conformation displays a helical folded state and is preorganized for 1:1 anion complexation. The high stability of the folded geometry and its ability to exclude solvent were supported by solid-state and solution phase studies. This capsule then withstood a 4-fold increase in solvent dielectric constant (εr) from dichloromethane (9) to acetonitrile (36) while maintaining a high and solvent-independent affinity of 105 M-1; ΔG ∼ 28 kJ mol-1. This behavior is unusual. More typical of solvent-dependent behavior, Cl- affinities were seen to plummet in control compounds, such as aryl-triazole macrocycles and pentads, with their solvent-exposed binding cavities susceptible to dielectric screening. Finally, dimethyl sulfoxide denatures the foldamer by putative solvent binding, which then lowers the foldamer's Cl- affinity to normal levels. The design of this capsule demonstrates a new prototype for the development of potent receptors that can operate in polar solvents and has the potential to help manage hydrophilic anions present in the hydrosphere and biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Fred C Parks
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Edward G Sheetz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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15
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Li L, Du P, Duan Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Qian Y, Zhang P, Guo Q, Ding J. Hydrogen Bond-Based Macrocyclic and Tripodal Neutral Ionophores for Highly Selective Polymeric Membrane Sulfate-Selective Electrodes. ACS Sens 2021; 6:245-251. [PMID: 33373189 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four hydrogen bond-based macrocyclic and tripodal neutral receptors with increasing conformational complementarity with sulfate were used for the first time as ionophores to develop polymeric membrane sulfate-selective electrodes. Optimizing the membrane composition such as ionophores, lipophilic additives, and plasticizers yielded ISEs which showed Nernstian response to sulfate with the best selectivity so far and improved detection limits (a slope of -29.8 mV/dec in the linear range of 1 × 10-6-1 × 10-1 M with a detection limit of 5 × 10-7 M), which led to the success of the determination of sulfate in drinking water samples and neomycine tablets. The anion-ionophore complex constants in the membrane phase were determined and correlated with the selectivity sequence of the ISEs. Studies on the influence of pH of the sample solution demonstrated that the developed ISEs can be operated in a wide pH range of 3-8 with fast response and rapid (in 1 min) and long lifetime. The success of these ionophores represents a feasible strategy for overcoming the "Hofmeister series" by employing a combination of complementarity and hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Duan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Qingjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
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16
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Li L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Duan Y, Qian Y, Zhang P, Guo Q, Ding J. Polymeric Membrane Fluoride-Selective Electrodes Using Lewis Acidic Organo-Antimony(V) Compounds as Ionophores. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3465-3473. [PMID: 33112603 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Four Lewis acidic organo-antimony(V) compounds with strong binding affinity to fluoride were used for the first time as ionophores to fabricate polymeric membrane fluoride-selective electrodes. Improved detection limits and significant anti-Hofmeister selectivity could be achieved by optimizing ionophores, lipophilic additives, and plasticizers. Membrane electrodes fabricated with tetrakis-(pentafluorophenyl)stibonium (ionophore 2) performed best in detection limit, sensitivity, and selectivity. Optimal performance was obtained by fluoride with a slope of -59.5 mV/decade in the linear range of 1 × 10-5 to 4 × 10-2 M and a detection limit of 5 × 10-6 M. Studies on the influence of sample solution pH demonstrate that the best pH for fluoride determination is pH 3.0. All of the electrodes studied respond rapidly (in 1 min) in different concentrations of fluoride solutions. The anion-ionophore complex constants in the membrane phase determined using the segmented sandwich membrane method correlate well with the solution-phase binding data and determined selectivity sequence of the ion-selective electrodes. The possibility of real life application of the optimized electrodes was assessed by determination of fluoride concentrations in tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Duan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Qingjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai 264003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
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17
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Butler SM, Jolliffe KA. Molecular recognition and sensing of dicarboxylates and dicarboxylic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8236-8254. [PMID: 33001119 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01761b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The recognition and detection of dicarboxylic acids and dicarboxylates is of significance for a wide variety of applications, including medical diagnosis, monitoring of health and of environmental contaminants, and in industry. Hence small molecule receptors and sensors for dicarboxylic acids and dicarboxylates have great potential for applications in these fields. This review outlines the challenges faced in the recognition and detection of these species, strategies that have been used to obtain effective and observable interactions with dicarboxylic acids and dicarboxylates, and progress made in this field in the period from 2014 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Butler
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Katrina A Jolliffe
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. and The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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18
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Li L, Zhang Y, Du P, Qian Y, Zhang P, Guo Q. Polymeric Membrane Electrodes Using Calix[4]pyrrole Bis/Tetra-Phosphonate Cavitands as Ionophores for Potentiometric Acetylcholine Sensing with High Selectivity. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14740-14746. [PMID: 33064457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A handful of bis/tetra-phosphonate calix[4]pyrroles with recognition sites embedding in hydrophobic cavitands were evaluated for the first time as ionophores for polymeric membrane Ach+-selective electrodes. Highly selective potentiometric Ach+ could be achieved over its analogues, especially for Ch+, which differs only by an acetate tail from Ach+. The superior performance of the proposed ISEs might be ascribed to a dual-site binding mode, in which the trimethylammonium head and acetate tail were accommodated by the phosphonate group-bridged aryl walls and the bowl-shaped aromatic cavity, through cation-π/charge-dipole interaction and the convergent four N-H···O hydrogen bonds, respectively. To gain more insight into the performance of the proposed ISEs, the cation-ionophore complex constants in the membrane phase were determined, and the binding affinity trend correlates well with the selectivity pattern. These results suggest that conformational preorganization of the ionophores and complementary weak interactions do change the selectivity of the ionophores. Studies on the influence of the sample solution pH demonstrated that the developed ISEs can be employed in a wide pH range of 4.0-9.6 with a fast response (<60 s), good reversibility, and long lifetime. Optimizing the membrane components, such as ionophores, lipophilic additives, and plasticizers, yielded ISEs, showing Nernstian responses to Ach+ with improved linear ranges and detection limits (a slope of -59.5 mV/dec in the linear range of 1 × 10-6-1 × 10-2 M with a detection limit of 3 × 10-7 M), which led to the success of the determination of Ach+ in spiked urine and milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Qingjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
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19
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Rüütel A, Yrjänä V, Kadam SA, Saar I, Ilisson M, Darnell A, Haav K, Haljasorg T, Toom L, Bobacka J, Leito I. Design, synthesis and application of carbazole macrocycles in anion sensors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1901-1914. [PMID: 32802207 PMCID: PMC7418101 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylate sensing solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) were created to provide a proof-of-concept ISE development process covering all aspects from in silico ionophore design to functional sensor characterization. The biscarbazolylurea moiety was used to synthesize methylene-bridged macrocycles of different ring size aiming to fine tune selectivity towards different carboxylates. Cyclization was achieved with two separate strategies, using either amide synthesis to access up to –[CH2]10– macrocycles or acyl halides to access up to –[CH2]14– macrocycles. Seventy-five receptor–anion complexes were modelled and studied with COSMO-RS, in addition to all free host molecules. In order to predict initial selectivity towards carboxylates, 1H NMR relative titrations were used to quantify binding in DMSO-d6/H2O solvent systems of two proportions – 99.5%:0.5% m/m and 90.0%:10.0% m/m, suggesting initial selectivity towards acetate. Three ionophores were selected for successful sensor prototype development and characterization. The constructed ion-selective electrodes showed higher selectivity towards benzoate than acetate, i.e., the selectivity patterns of the final sensors deviated from that predicted by the classic titration experiments. While the binding constants obtained by NMR titration in DMSO-d6/H2O solvent systems provided important guidance for sensor development, the results obtained in this work emphasize the importance of evaluating the binding behavior of receptors in real sensor membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alo Rüütel
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia, https://analytical.chem.ut.ee
| | - Ville Yrjänä
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Sandip A Kadam
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia, https://analytical.chem.ut.ee
| | - Indrek Saar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia, https://analytical.chem.ut.ee
| | - Mihkel Ilisson
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia, https://analytical.chem.ut.ee
| | - Astrid Darnell
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia, https://analytical.chem.ut.ee
| | - Kristjan Haav
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia, https://analytical.chem.ut.ee
| | - Tõiv Haljasorg
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia, https://analytical.chem.ut.ee
| | - Lauri Toom
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia, https://analytical.chem.ut.ee
| | - Johan Bobacka
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia, https://analytical.chem.ut.ee
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20
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Dhara A, Sadhukhan T, Sheetz EG, Olsson AH, Raghavachari K, Flood AH. Zero-Overlap Fluorophores for Fluorescent Studies at Any Concentration. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12167-12180. [PMID: 32539380 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophores are powerful tools for the study of chemistry, biology, and physics. However, fluorescence is severely impaired when concentrations climb above 5 μM as a result of effects like self-absorption and chromatic shifts in the emitted light. Herein, we report the creation of a charge-transfer (CT) fluorophore and the discovery that its emission color seen at low concentrations is unchanged even at 5 mM, some 3 orders of magnitude beyond typical limits. The fluorophore is composed of a triphenylamine-substituted cyanostar macrocycle, and it exhibits a remarkable Stokes shift of 15 000 cm-1 to generate emission at 633 nm. Crucial to the performance of this fluorophore is the observation that its emission spectrum shows near-zero overlap with the absorption band at 325 nm. We propose that reducing the spectral overlap to zero is a key to achieving full fluorescence across all concentrations. The triphenylamine donor and five cyanostilbene acceptor units of the macrocycle generate an emissive CT state. Unlike closely related donor-acceptor control compounds showing dual emission, the cyanostar framework inhibited emission from the second state to create a zero-overlap fluorophore. We demonstrated the use of emission spectroscopy for characterization of host-guest complexation at millimolar concentrations, which are typically the exclusive domain of NMR spectroscopy. The binding of the PF6- anion generates a 2:1 sandwich complex with blue-shifted emission. Distinct from twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) states, experiment-supported density functional theory shows a 67° twist inside an acceptor unit in the CT state instead of displaying a twist between the donor and acceptor; it is TICT-like. Inspired by the findings, we uncovered similar concentration-independent behavior from a control compound, strongly suggesting this behavior may be latent to other large Stokes-shift fluorophores. We discuss strategies capable of generating zero-overlap fluorophores to enable accurate fluorescence characterization of processes across all practical concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Tumpa Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Edward G Sheetz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Andrew H Olsson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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21
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Choi SJ, Yoon B, Lin S, Swager TM. Functional Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Anion Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28375-28382. [PMID: 32519847 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report an anion-sensing platform wherein conductance changes are triggered by chemical interactions between selectors and anions. The selector design incorporates both a cationic moiety (i.e., pyridinium) and a thiourea-based dual-hydrogen-bond donor. Anion binding by a model selector (2) was studied using 1H NMR and UV-vis titrations, which reveal a binding strength toward acetate ions (AcO-) followed by Cl- > Br- > NO3-. These studies reveal that selector 2 is deprotonated upon addition of AcO-, whereas it undergoes hydrogen bonding associated with Cl-, Br-, and NO3-. The cationic pyridinium moiety improves anion binding affinity by lowering the pKa value of selector 2 and enhancing the hydrogen-bond donor capability as confirmed by spectroscopic titrations and DFT calculations. The selector is covalently attached to poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP), which wraps single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) (i.e., P4VP-2-SWCNT) to transduce an electrical signal. As a result, continuous anion sensing was achieved with high sensitivity represented by a normalized resistance change of 101.9 ± 10.3% toward 16.7 mM AcO-, whereas negligible sensitivity was observed toward Cl-, Br-, and NO3-. The sensitivity transition was attributed to the internal charge transfer of 2 by deprotonation of the thiourea proton upon addition of AcO-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Jin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Division of Materials of Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Yoon
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Optical and Electromagnetic Materials Team, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command-Soldier Center (CCDC-SC), Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Sibo Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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22
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Abstract
Anions play a vital role in a broad range of environmental, technological, and physiological processes, making their detection/quantification valuable. Electroanalytical sensors offer much to the selective, sensitive, cheap, portable, and real-time analysis of anion presence where suitable combinations of selective (noncovalent) recognition and transduction can be integrated. Spurred on by significant developments in anion supramolecular chemistry, electrochemical anion sensing has received considerable attention in the past two decades. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of all electroanalytical techniques that have been used for this purpose, including voltammetric, impedimetric, capacititive, and potentiometric methods. We will confine our discussion to sensors that are based on synthetic anion receptors with a specific focus on reversible, noncovalent interactions, in particular, hydrogen- and halogen-bonding. Apart from their sensory properties, we will also discuss how electrochemical techniques can be used to study anion recognition processes (e.g., binding constant determination) and will furthermore provide a detailed outlook over future efforts and promising new avenues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3QZ , U.K
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3QZ , U.K
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3QZ , U.K
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23
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Bueno PR, Hein R, Santos A, Davis JJ. The nanoscopic principles of capacitive ion sensing interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3770-3774. [PMID: 31995068 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05543f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein we discuss the operational principles of molecular interfaces that specifically recruit ions from an electrolyte solution and report this in a reagentless capacitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R. Bueno
- Institute of Chemistry
- São Paulo State University (UNESP)
- CEP. 14800-060
- Araraquara
- Brazil
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QZ
- UK
| | - Adriano Santos
- Institute of Chemistry
- São Paulo State University (UNESP)
- CEP. 14800-060
- Araraquara
- Brazil
| | - Jason J. Davis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QZ
- UK
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24
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Ramakrishnam Raju MV, Wilharm RK, Dresel MJ, McGreal ME, Mansergh JP, Marting ST, Goodpaster JD, Pierre VC. The Stability of the Complex and the Basicity of the Anion Impact the Selectivity and Affinity of Tripodal Gadolinium Complexes for Anions. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15189-15201. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Randall K. Wilharm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mark J. Dresel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Meghan E. McGreal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jarrett P. Mansergh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Spenser T. Marting
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jason D. Goodpaster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Valérie C. Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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25
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Parks FC, Liu Y, Debnath S, Stutsman SR, Raghavachari K, Flood AH. Allosteric Control of Photofoldamers for Selecting between Anion Regulation and Double-to-Single Helix Switching. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17711-17723. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred C. Parks
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sibali Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sydney R. Stutsman
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zdrachek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Fatila EM, Pink M, Twum EB, Karty JA, Flood AH. Phosphate-phosphate oligomerization drives higher order co-assemblies with stacks of cyanostar macrocycles. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2863-2872. [PMID: 29780454 PMCID: PMC5941797 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05290a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of phosphate in biology and chemistry has long motivated investigation of its recognition. Despite this interest, phosphate's facile oligomerization is only now being examined following the discovery of complexes of anion-anion dimers of hydroxyanions. Here we address how oligomerization dictates phosphate's recognition properties when engaged with planar cyanostar macrocycles that can also oligomerize by stacking. The crystal structure of cyanostar with phosphate shows an unprecedented tetrameric stack of cyanostar macrocycles threaded by a phosphate trimer, [H2PO4···H2PO4···H2PO4]3-. The solution behaviour, studied as a function of solvent quality, highlights how dimers and trimers of phosphate drive formation of higher order stacks of cyanostar into dimer, trimer and tetramer co-assemblies. Solution behaviors differ significantly from simpler complexes of bisulfate hydroxyanion dimers. Phosphate oligomerization is: (1) preferred over ion pairing with tetrabutylammonium cations, (2) inhibits disassembly of the complexes upon dilution, and (3) resists interference from competitive anion solvation. The phosphate oligomers also appear critical for stability; complexation of just one phosphate with cyanostars is unfavored. The cyanostar's ability to self-assemble is found to create a tubular, highly electropositive cavity that complements the size and shape of the phosphate oligomers as well as their higher charge. When given the opportunity, phosphate will cooperate with the receptor to form co-assembled architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Fatila
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
| | - Eric B Twum
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
| | - Jonathan A Karty
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA .
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