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Idili A, Montón H, Medina-Sánchez M, Ibarlucea B, Cuniberti G, Schmidt OG, Plaxco KW, Parolo C. Continuous monitoring of molecular biomarkers in microfluidic devices. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 187:295-333. [PMID: 35094779 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability to monitor molecular targets is crucial in fields ranging from healthcare to industrial processing to environmental protection. Devices employing biomolecules to achieve this goal are called biosensors. Over the last half century researchers have developed dozens of different biosensor approaches. In this chapter we analyze recent advances in the biosensing field aiming at adapting these to the problem of continuous molecular monitoring in complex sample streams, and how the merging of these sensors with lab-on-a-chip technologies would be beneficial to both. To do so we discuss (1) the components that comprise a biosensor, (2) the challenges associated with continuous molecular monitoring in complex sample streams, (3) how different sensing strategies deal with (or fail to deal with) these challenges, and (4) the implementation of these technologies into lab-on-a-chip architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Idili
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Montón
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | | | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz, Germany; School of Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin W Plaxco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Interdepartmental Program in Biomolecular Science and Engineering University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Claudio Parolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ye Z, Mi Q, Huang R. Stent encrustation or fragmentation? A case report of post stent removal encrustation in postpartum woman and literature review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:789. [PMID: 34809587 PMCID: PMC8609729 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ureteral stents are commonly used in the field of urology to relieve ureteral obstruction. However, complications relating to ureteral stent use, such as encrustation continue to occur, especially with prolonged indwell time. CASE PRESENTATION Here we present a 37-year-old postpartum woman with a foreign body in her bladder after removing a ureteral stent 1 month before. She insisted that the foreign body was the fragment of stent and asked for medical malpractice indemnity payments while the surgeon of her insisted that the stent was intact during the procedure. Finally, the foreign body was confirmed as an encrustation by cystoscopy and the patient received 10,000 yuan ($ 1500) as indemnity payments after encrustation removal. CONCLUSION In the absence of guidelines, stent indwelling time vary with centers' habits, stent materials and patient's education. Early detection of stent encrustation and timely removal of the encrusted stent are still the best way to avoid stent retention. Violent stent removal is of danger and not recommended in any case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Ye
- Department of Urology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Qiwu Mi
- Department of Urology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China.
| | - Renzhao Huang
- Department of Urology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China
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Khoddami S, Chew BH, Lange D. Problems and solutions of stent biofilm and encrustations: A review of literature. Turk J Urol 2020; 46:S11-S18. [PMID: 33052843 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2020.20408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A ureteral stent is a commonly implanted urological device in patients with urinary tract obstruction. The main role of these stents is to allow adequate drainage of urine from the kidney into the bladder. Individuals with strictures, tumors, or obstructions from urinary stones do not have adequate urine flow and require ureteral stents as a part of their treatment to avoid potential hydronephrosis and renal failure. Although ureteral stents are highly effective in treating urinary tract obstructions, they have associated morbidities, such as biofilm formation and encrustation. Researchers have studied about how to diminish these negative outcomes by developing novel stent materials. Different coatings and biomaterials have been developed to reduce bacterial adhesion and crystal deposition onto the stent surfaces. Moreover, new investigation technologies, such as microfluidic platforms and encrustation sensors, have been utilized to better study the stents. Biofilms and encrustations can stem from bacterial origins; therefore, understanding the urinary microbiome will also provide insight into the solutions for treating them. There are still some gaps in our knowledge regarding the exact underlying mechanisms of stent-associated biofilms and encrustation. Future studies should include continuous testing of novel stent biomaterials for safety and efficacy, developing new technologies for identifying and extracting biofilms, enriching the assessment of stent encrustation, and diving deeper into understanding the urinary microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khoddami
- The Stone Centre at VGH, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ben H Chew
- The Stone Centre at VGH, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dirk Lange
- The Stone Centre at VGH, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Sadman K, Wiener CG, Weiss RA, White CC, Shull KR, Vogt BD. Quantitative Rheometry of Thin Soft Materials Using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4079-4088. [PMID: 29473414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the inertial limit, the resonance frequency of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is related to the coupled mass on the quartz sensor through the Sauerbrey expression that relates the mass to the change in resonance frequency. However, when the thickness of the film is sufficiently large, the relationship becomes more complicated and both the frequency and damping of the crystal resonance must be considered. In this regime, a rheological model of the material must be used to accurately extract the adhered film's thickness, shear modulus, and viscoelastic phase angle from the data. In the present work we examine the suitability of two viscoelastic models, a simple Voigt model ( Physica Scripta 1999, 59, 391-396) and a more realistic power-law model ( Langmuir 2015, 31, 4008-4017), to extract the rheological properties of a thermoresponsive hydrogel film. By changing temperature and initial dry film thickness of the gel, the operation of QCM was traversed from the Sauerbrey limit, where viscous losses do not impact the frequency, through the regime where the QCM response is sensitive to viscoelastic properties. The density-shear modulus and the viscoelastic phase angle from the two models are in good agreement when the shear wavelength ratio, d/λ n, is in the range of 0.05-0.20, where d is the film thickness and λ n is the wavelength of the mechanical shear wave at the nth harmonic. We further provide a framework for estimating the physical properties of soft materials in the megahertz regime by using the physical behavior of polyelectrolyte complexes. This provides the user with an approximate range of allowable film thicknesses for accurate viscoelastic analysis with either model, thus enabling better use of the QCM-D in soft materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Sadman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Clinton G Wiener
- Department of Polymer Engineering , University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - R A Weiss
- Department of Polymer Engineering , University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
| | - Christopher C White
- Building and Fire Research Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Kenneth R Shull
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Bryan D Vogt
- Department of Polymer Engineering , University of Akron , Akron , Ohio 44325 , United States
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