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Lin P, Wu W, Chen C, Chen Y, Ouyang S, Song Z, Xia Y, An Y, Zhang N, Zhao P, Lin B, Tao J. Walking Dead Macrophage-Based Positive Enhancement MRI for Ultrahighly Efficient Diagnosis of Nephritis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4933-4941. [PMID: 38483253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Nephritis is an inflammatory condition of the glomerulus, and the clinical gold standard for its diagnosis is a kidney biopsy. However, obtaining biopsy results can take several days, which does not meet the requirement of rapid diagnosis, especially for rapidly progressive types. To achieve an effective and noninvasive diagnosis, we propose a nephritis-specific, positive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent based on Gd3+ anchored walking dead macrophage Gd-RAW. Gd-RAW exhibits high selectivity for inflammatory renal parenchyma and provides comparable results to histopathology methods. The Gd-RAW-based MRI contrast agent reduces the diagnostic time of nephritis from 14 days of biopsy to 1 h. Furthermore, in a unilateral nephritis model constructed by increasing the glycerol concentration, the T1WI of renal parenchyma exhibits an increased signal-to-noise ratio, which is crucial for evaluating nephritic severity. This work promotes rapid diagnosis of nephritis and potentially provides sufficient evidence for clinicians to offer timely treatment to patients. The methodology of paramagnetic ion-anchored macrophage corpse also opens up new prospects for designing more specific and biosafe MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiru Lin
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanjia Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuyao Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Sixue Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zibin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubin Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515100 Shantou, China
| | - Yida An
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, 510005 Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingquan Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
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Dhingra K, Gudhka RB, Cramer SM. Evaluation of preferred binding regions on ubiquitin and IgG1 F C for interacting with multimodal cation exchange resins using DEPC labeling/mass spectrometry. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1592-1604. [PMID: 36814367 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
There is significant interest in identifying the preferred binding domains of biological products to various chromatographic materials. In this work, we develop a biophysical technique that uses diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) based covalent labeling in concert with enzymatic digestion and mass spectrometry to identify the binding patches for proteins bound to commercially available multimodal (MM) cation exchange chromatography resins. The technique compares the changes in covalent labeling of the protein in solution and in the bound state and uses the differences in this labeling to identify residues that are sterically shielded upon resin binding and, therefore, potentially involved in the resin binding process. Importantly, this approach enables the labeling of many amino acids and can be carried out over a pH range of 5.5-7.5, thus enabling the protein surface mapping at conditions of interest in MM cation exchange systems. The protocol is first developed using the model protein ubiquitin and the results indicate that lysine residues located on the front face of the protein show dramatic changes in DEPC labeling while residues present on other regions have minimal or no reductions. This indicates that the front face of ubiquitin is likely involved in resin binding. In addition, surface property maps indicate that the hypothesized front face binding region consists of overlapping positively charged and hydrophobic patches. The technique is then employed with an IgG1 FC and the results indicate that residues on the CH 2-CH 3 interface and the hinge are significantly sterically shielded upon binding to the resin. Further, these regions are again associated with significant overlap of positively charged and hydrophobic patches. On the other hand, while, residues on the CH 2 and the front face of the IgG1 FC also exhibited some changes in DEPC labeling upon binding, these regions have less distinct charged and hydrophobic patches. Importantly, the hypothesized binding patches identified for both ubiquitin and FC using this approach are shown to be consistent with previously reported NMR studies. In contrast to NMR, this new approach enables the identification of preferred binding regions without the need for isotopically labeled proteins or chemical shift assignments. The technique developed in this work sets the stage for the evaluation of the binding domains of a wide range of biological products to chromatographic surfaces, with important implications for designing biomolecules with improved biomanufacturability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Dhingra
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Ronak B Gudhka
- Process Development, Drug Substance Biologics, Amgen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven M Cramer
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
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A thermodynamic evaluation of antibody-surface interactions in multimodal cation exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Roberts JA, Kimerer L, Carta G. Effects of molecule size and resin structure on protein adsorption on multimodal anion exchange chromatography media. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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