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Ayala-Cabrera JF, Montero L, Meckelmann SW, Uteschil F, Schmitz OJ. Review on atmospheric pressure ionization sources for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Part I: Current ion source developments and improvements in ionization strategies. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1238:340353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Ayala-Cabrera JF, Turkowski J, Uteschil F, Schmitz OJ. Development of a Tube Plasma Ion Source for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Comparison with Other Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Techniques. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9595-9602. [PMID: 35758294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A tube plasma ionization (TPI) open-air source for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed. This source is based on an inverse low temperature plasma configuration where the pin inner electrode is applying the high voltage and the grounded electrode is the housing itself. The ionization possibilities were tested by using an EPA mix of priority contaminants, showing that 68% of the analytes could undergo both proton-transfer and charge-exchange reactions. The potential of using different discharge gases (He and Ar) to ionize the analytes and auxiliary gases (He, N2, O2, and synthetic air) to transport the ions toward the MS was carefully investigated. Additionally, the addition of water was also tested to show the different ionization trends in the TPI source. Finally, the ionization by TPI under both dry and wet conditions was compared with other gas-phase atmospheric pressure ionization sources showing TPI could ionize a wider range of compounds (97%) than atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI, 95%) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI, 87%). Besides, the detection capability of TPI was better than APCI and APPI, achieving instrumental limits of detection down to 3 fg on column, which demonstrates the great potential of this ionization source for GC-MS determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Ayala-Cabrera
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.,Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Turkowski
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.,Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Uteschil
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.,Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver J Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.,Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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3
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Li D, Li Z, Xu B, Chen J, Xue J, Hu S, Wen L, Guo L, Xie J, Jiang G. Thermal desorption bridged the gap between dielectric barrier discharge ionization and dried plasma spot samples for sensitive and rapid detection of fentanyl analogs in mass spectrometry. Analyst 2022; 147:4187-4196. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00946c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guided by finite element simulations and 3D-printing, we constructed a semi-covered flat-TD surface for sufficient thermal desorption and ionization of fentanyl analogs from dried plasma/blood spot samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Anti-Drug Laboratory Beijing Regional Center, Beijing 100164, China
| | - Zehua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jinjuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shundi Hu
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Luhong Wen
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Zheng K, Lesniewski JE, Dolan MJ, Li W, Metallo TT, Jorabchi K. Elemental Fluorine Detection by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Coupled to Nanoelectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Nontargeted Analysis of Fluorinated Compounds. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10129-10137. [PMID: 32578420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The growing use of fluorochemicals has elevated the need for nontargeted detection of unknown fluorinated compounds and transformation products. Elemental mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to chromatography offers a facile approach for such analyses by using fluorine as an elemental tag. However, efficient ionization of fluorine has been an ongoing challenge. Here, we demonstrate a novel atmospheric-pressure elemental ionization method where fluorinated compounds separated by gas chromatography (GC) are converted to Na2F+ for nontargeted detection. The compounds are first introduced into a helium dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) for breakdown. The plasma products are subsequently ionized by interaction with a nanoelectrospray ionization (nano-ESI) plume of sodium-containing aqueous electrolytes. Our studies point to HF as the main plasma product contributing to Na2F+ formation. Moreover, the results reveal that Na2F+ is largely formed by the ion-neutral reaction between HF and Na2A(NaA)n+, gas-phase reagent ions produced by nano-ESI where A represents the anion of the electrolyte. Near-uniform fluorine response factors are obtained for a wide range of compounds, highlighting good efficiency of HF formation by DBD regardless of the chemical structure of the compounds. Detection limits of 3.5-19.4 pg of fluorine on-column are obtained using the reported GC-DBD-nano-ESI-MS. As an example of nontargeted screening, extractions from oil-and-water-repellent fabrics are analyzed via monitoring Na2F+, resulting in detection of a fluorinated compound on a clothing item. Notably, facile switching of the ion source to atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization with the exact same chromatographic method allows identification of the detected compound at the flagged retention time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Joseph E Lesniewski
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Michael J Dolan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Wanqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Tyler T Metallo
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Kaveh Jorabchi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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Li W, Jiang HX, Geng Y, Wang XH, Gao RZ, Tang AN, Kong DM. Facile Removal of Phytochromes and Efficient Recovery of Pesticides Using Heteropore Covalent Organic Framework-Based Magnetic Nanospheres and Electrospun Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:20922-20932. [PMID: 32297732 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nontargeted analysis of food safety requires selective removal of interference matrices and highly efficient recovery of chemical hazards. Porous materials such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show great promise in selective adsorption of matrix molecules via size selectivity. Considering the complexity of interference matrices, we prepared crystalline heteropore COFs whose two kinds of pores have comparable sizes to those of several common phytochromes, main interference matrices in vegetable sample analysis. By controlling the growth of COFs on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles or by utilizing a facile co-electrospinning method, heteropore COF-based magnetic nanospheres or electrospun nanofiber films were prepared, respectively. Both the nanospheres and the films maintain the dual-pore structures of COFs and show good stability and excellent reusability. Via simple magnetic separation or immersion operation, respectively, they were successfully used for the complete removal of phytochromes and highly efficient recovery of 15 pesticides from the extracts of four vegetable samples, and the recoveries are in the range of 83.10-114.00 and 60.52-107.35%, respectively. Film-based immersion operation gives better sample pretreatment performance than the film-based filtration one. This work highlights the great application potentials of heteropore COFs in sample pretreatment for nontargeted analysis, thus opening up a new way to achieve high-performance sample preparation in many fields such as food safety analysis, environment monitoring, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xin Jiang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Environmental Factors Risk Assessment of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Geng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Environmental Factors Risk Assessment of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Han Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Zhi Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Na Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ming Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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Yang Y, Tan Q, Lin Y, Tian Y, Wu L, Hou X, Zheng C. Point Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometer as a Gas Chromatography (GC) Detector for Speciation Analysis of Mercury in Human Hair. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11996-12003. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Qing Tan
- Chengdu Environmental
Monitoring Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Li Wu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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Han B, Li Y, Qian B, He Y, Peng L, Yu H. A novel liquid chromatography detector based on a dielectric barrier discharge molecular emission spectrometer with online microwave-assisted hydrolysis for determination of dithiocarbamates. Analyst 2018; 143:2790-2798. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00613j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel detector for liquid chromatography (LC) for the determination of dithiocarbamate (DTC) fungicides is presented with a miniaturized dielectric barrier discharge–microplasma molecular emission spectrometer and an online microwave-assisted hydrolysis reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Han
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Ya Li
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Bing Qian
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Yan He
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Lixu Peng
- Analysis & Testing Center
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables
- Haikou
- China
| | - Huamei Yu
- College of Environment and Plant Protection
- Hainan University
- Haikou
- China
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