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Kajtazi A, Russo G, Wicht K, Eghbali H, Lynen F. Facilitating structural elucidation of small environmental solutes in RPLC-HRMS by retention index prediction. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 337:139361. [PMID: 37392796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Implementing effective environmental management strategies requires a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition of environmental pollutants, particularly in complex mixtures. Utilizing innovative analytical techniques, such as high-resolution mass spectrometry and predictive retention index models, can provide valuable insights into the molecular structures of environmental contaminants. Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry is a powerful tool for the identification of isomeric structures in complex samples. However, there are some limitations that can prevent accurate isomeric structure identification, particularly in cases where the isomers have similar mass and fragmentation patterns. Liquid chromatographic retention, determined by the size, shape, and polarity of the analyte and its interactions with the stationary phase, contains valuable 3D structural information that is vastly underutilized. Therefore, a predictive retention index model is developed which is transferrable to LC-HRMS systems and can assist in the structural elucidation of unknowns. The approach is currently restricted to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen-based molecules <500 g mol-1. The methodology facilitates the acceptance of accurate structural formulas and the exclusion of erroneous hypothetical structural representations by leveraging retention time estimations, thereby providing a permissible tolerance range for a given elemental composition and experimental retention time. This approach serves as a proof of concept for the development of a Quantitative Structure-Retention Relationship model using a generic gradient LC approach. The use of a widely used reversed-phase (U)HPLC column and a relatively large set of training (101) and test compounds (14) demonstrates the feasibility and potential applicability of this approach for predicting the retention behaviour of compounds in complex mixtures. By providing a standard operating procedure, this approach can be easily replicated and applied to various analytical challenges, further supporting its potential for broader implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardiana Kajtazi
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Giacomo Russo
- School of Applied Sciences, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, 9 Sighthill Ct, EH11 4BN, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Wicht
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamed Eghbali
- Packaging and Specialty Plastics R&D, Dow Benelux B.V., Terneuzen, 4530 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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2
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Hao JD, Chen YY, Wang YZ, An N, Bai PR, Zhu QF, Feng YQ. Novel Peak Shift Correction Method Based on the Retention Index for Peak Alignment in Untargeted Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13330-13337. [PMID: 37609864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Peak alignment is a crucial step in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based large-scale untargeted metabolomics workflows, as it enables the integration of metabolite peaks across multiple samples, which is essential for accurate data interpretation. Slight differences or fluctuations in chromatographic separation conditions, however, can cause the chromatographic retention time (RT) shift between consecutive analyses, ultimately affecting the accuracy of peak alignment between samples. Here, we introduce a novel RT shift correction method based on the retention index (RI) and apply it to peak alignment. We synthesized a series of N-acyl glycine (C2-C23) homologues via the amidation reaction between glycine with normal saturated fatty acids (C2-C23) as calibrants able to respond proficiently in both mass spectrometric positive- and negative-ion modes. Using these calibrants, we established an N-acyl glycine RI system. This RI system is capable of covering a broad chromatographic space and addressing chromatographic RT shift caused by variations in flow rate, gradient elution, instrument systems, and LC separation columns. Moreover, based on the RI system, we developed a peak shift correction model to enhance peak alignment accuracy. Applying the model resulted in a significant improvement in the accuracy of peak alignment from 15.5 to 80.9% across long-term data spanning a period of 157 days. To facilitate practical application, we developed a Python-based program, which is freely available at https://github.com/WHU-Fenglab/RI-based-CPSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Di Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yao-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Na An
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pei-Rong Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Quan-Fei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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3
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Long chain fatty acids analysis of intertidal biofilm by direct injection liquid chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1693:463870. [PMID: 36848732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The critical importance of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) in a variety of biological functions, including animal nutrition and as an environmental stress monitor, is well recognized. However, while methods exist for monitoring of fatty acids, few are specific either to the profile of a microphytobenthos matrix or practical in application to multiple, diverse intertidal biofilm sample sets. In the current study, a sensitive liquid chromatography (LC) quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF) method was developed for the quantitative analysis of 31 FAs specific to intertidal biofilm, a thin mucilaginous layer of microalgae, bacteria, and other organisms on the surface of coastal mudflats, which provide a rich source of FAs for migratory birds. Preliminary screening of diverse biofilm samples collected from shorebird feeding grounds highlighted eight saturated (SFA), seven monounsaturated (MUFA), and sixteen polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA) that were selected for analysis. Improved method detection limits in the range 0.3-2.6 ngmL-1 were achieved, excepting for stearic acid at 10.6 ngmL-1. These excellent results were obtained without use of complex sample extraction and clean-up procedures undertaken by other published methods. An alkaline matrix of dilute aqueous ammonium hydroxide with methanol was shown to be selective for extraction and stability of the more hydrophilic fatty acid components. The direct injection method showed excellent precision and accuracy both during validation and application to hundreds of real-world intertidal biofilm samples from the Fraser River estuary (British Columbia, Canada) and other areas of the region frequented by shoreline birds.
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Retention Indices for Naturally-Occurring Chiral and Achiral Compounds on Common Gas Chromatography Chiral Stationary Phases. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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5
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Oteri M, Rigano F, Micalizzi G, Casale M, Malegori C, Dugo P, Mondello L. Comparison of lipid profile of Italian Extra Virgin Olive Oils by using rapid chromatographic approaches. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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6
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Arena P, Rigano F, Guarnaccia P, Dugo P, Mondello L, Trovato E. Elucidation of the Lipid Composition of Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Products by Means of Gas Chromatography and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Detection. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103358. [PMID: 35630832 PMCID: PMC9145225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growing demand in natural matrices that represent a source of dietary and nutraceutical molecules has led to an increasing interest in Cannabis sativa, considered to be a multipurpose, sustainable crop. Particularly, the considerable content in essential fatty acids (FAs) makes its derived-products useful food ingredients in the formulation of dietary supplements. In this research, the FA and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of hempseed oils and flours were investigated using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection as well as liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS), respectively. Furthermore, a recently introduced linear retention index (LRI) approach in LC was successfully employed as a useful tool for the reliable identification of TAG species. A total of 30 FAs and 62 glycerolipids were positively identified in the investigated samples. Relative quantitative analyses confirmed linoleic acid as the most abundant component (50-55%). A favorable omega6/omega3 ratio was also measured in hemp-derived products, with the α-linolenic acid around 12-14%. Whereas, γ-linolenic acid was found to be higher than 1.70%. These results confirm the great value of Cannabis sativa as a source of valuable lipids, and the further improvement of the LRI system paves the way for the automatization of the identification process in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Arena
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (P.D.); (L.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (P.D.); (L.M.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paolo Guarnaccia
- Department of Agriculture, Food Science and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, 95127 Catania, Italy;
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (P.D.); (L.M.); (E.T.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (P.D.); (L.M.); (E.T.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Trovato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (P.A.); (P.D.); (L.M.); (E.T.)
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7
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Non-psychoactive cannabinoids identification by linear retention index approach applied to a hand-portable capillary liquid chromatography platform. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6341-6353. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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López-Ruiz R, Romero-González R, Martín-Torres S, Jimenez-Carvelo AM, Cuadros-Rodríguez L, Garrido Frenich A. Applying an instrument-agnostizing methodology for the standardization of pesticide quantitation using different liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platforms: A case study. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1664:462791. [PMID: 34998027 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a powerful technique commonly used for pesticide residue analysis in agri-food matrices. Despite the fact it has several advantages, one of the main problems is the transferability of the data from one analytical equipment to another for identification and quantitation purposes. In this study, instrument-agnostizing methodology was used to set standard retention scores (SRSs), which was utilized as a parameter for the identification of 74 targeted compounds when different instruments are used. The SRS variation was lower than 5% for most of the compounds included in this study, which is much lower than those obtained when retention times were compared, correcting the elution shift between LC instruments. Additionally, this methodology was also tested for quantitation purposes, and normalized areas were used as analytical responses, allowing for the determination of the concentrations of the targeted compounds in samples injected in one equipment using the analytical responses of standards from another one. The applicability of this approach was tested at two concentrations, 0.06 and 0.15 mg/kg, and less than 10 out of 74 compounds were quantified with an error higher than 40% at 0.06 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/kg, showing that this methodology could be useful to minimize differences between LC-MS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía López-Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E Almeria 04120, Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E Almeria 04120, Spain.
| | - Sandra Martín-Torres
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E , Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Ana M Jimenez-Carvelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E , Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Luis Cuadros-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E , Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E Almeria 04120, Spain
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9
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Comprehensive identification and distribution pattern of 37 oxygenated heterocyclic compounds in commercially important citrus juices. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Han X, Ye H. Overview of Lipidomic Analysis of Triglyceride Molecular Species in Biological Lipid Extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8895-8909. [PMID: 33606510 PMCID: PMC8374006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Triglyceride (TG) is a class of neutral lipids, which functions as an energy storage depot and is important for cellular growth, metabolism, and function. The composition and content of TG molecular species are crucial factors for nutritional aspects in food chemistry and are directly associated with several diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, stroke, etc. As a result of the complexities of aliphatic moieties and their different connections/locations to the glycerol backbone in TG molecules, accurate identification of individual TG molecular species and quantitative assessment of TG composition and content are particularly challenging, even at the current stage of lipidomics development. Herein, methods developed for analysis of TG species, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with a variety of columns and different mass spectrometric techniques, shotgun lipidomics approaches, and ion-mobility-based analysis, are reviewed. Moreover, the potential limitations of the methods are discussed. It is our sincere hope that the overviews and discussions can provide some insights for researchers to select an appropriate approach for TG analysis and can serve as the basis for those who would like to establish a methodology for TG analysis or develop a new method when novel tools become available. Biologically accurate analysis of TG species with an enabling method should lead us toward improving the nutritional quality, revealing the effects of TG on diseases, and uncovering the underlying biochemical mechanisms related to these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
- Departments of Medicine - Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Hongping Ye
- Department of Medicine - Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
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11
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Cebo M, Calderón Castro C, Schlotterbeck J, Gawaz M, Chatterjee M, Lämmerhofer M. Untargeted UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis with targeted feature extraction at precursor and fragment level for profiling of the platelet lipidome with ex vivo thrombin-activation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114301. [PMID: 34391135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play a major role in platelet signaling and activation. In this study, we analyzed the platelet lipidome in an untargeted manner by reversed-phase UHPLC for lipid species separation coupled to high-resolution QTOF-MS/MS in data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode with sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH) for compound detection. Lipid identification and peak picking was supported by the characteristic regular elution pattern of lipids differing in carbon and double bond numbers. It was primarily based on post-acquisition targeted feature extraction from the SWATH data. Multiple extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) from SWATH data of diagnostic ions on MS1 and MS2 level from both positive and negative ion mode allowed to distinguish between poorly resolved isomeric lipids based on their distinct fragment ions, which were used for relative quantification at a molecular lipid species level. It supports assay specificity for relative lipid quantitation via multiple quantifiably ions unlike to data-dependent acquisition methods which rely on precursor ions only. This approach was used to analyze human platelet samples. 457 lipids were annotated. Concentrations of lipids were estimated by stable isotope-labelled lipid class-specific internal standards as surrogate calibrants. Heatmaps of lipid concentrations in dependence on carbon and double bond numbers for the distinct lipid classes revealed a snapshot of the platelet lipidome in the resting state with lipid species distributions within classes supporting some functional interpretations. As expected, activation of the platelets by thrombin has led to significant alterations in the platelet lipidome as proven by univariate (volcano plot) and multivariate (PLS-DA) statistics. Several lipids were significantly up-regulated (lysophosphatidylinositols, oxylipins such as thromboxane B2 (TXB2), hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHT), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE), sphingoid-bases, (very) long chain saturated fatty acids) or down-regulated (lysophosphatidylethanolamines, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phosphatidylinositols). Several of them are well known as biomarkers of platelet activation while others may provide some further insights into pathways of platelet activation and platelet metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Cebo
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio)Analysis, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Schlotterbeck
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio)Analysis, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhumita Chatterjee
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio)Analysis, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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12
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Arigò A, Rigano F, Russo M, Trovato E, Dugo P, Mondello L. Dietary Intake of Coumarins and Furocoumarins through Citrus Beverages: A Detailed Estimation by a HPLC-MS/MS Method Combined with the Linear Retention Index System. Foods 2021; 10:1533. [PMID: 34359404 PMCID: PMC8303230 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Official regulations concerning the maximum number of substances in food are introduced as a consequence of possible adverse effects, after oral administration. In this regard, analytical methods are necessary in order to determine specific targets. Among oxygen heterocyclic compounds (OHCs, that are furocoumarins, coumarins and polymethoxyflavones), only coumarin is subject to restriction by the Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 of the European Parliament. Furocoumarins are known for their phototoxicity and other side effects due to their dietary intake; however, an official limit about the maximum content of these compounds in food is still missing. The lack of information about the real amount of these compounds in food is responsible for the conflicting opinions about the introduction of an official limit. The HPLC-MS/MS method here proposed, in combination with the linear retention index system, represents an innovative analytical strategy for the characterization of OHCs in citrus beverages. Several types of drinks were analysed in order to quantify 35 OHCs in total. This method is suitable for the quality control of OHCs in food and the obtained results may be considered as informative data useful for the regulatory authorities in the emission of new opinions and for a potential new regulation in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arigò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Marina Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Emanuela Trovato
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98198 Messina, Italy;
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98198 Messina, Italy;
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (L.M.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98198 Messina, Italy;
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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13
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Arigò A, Dugo P, Rigano F, Mondello L. Linear retention index approach applied to liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to determine oxygen heterocyclic compounds at trace level in finished cosmetics. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462183. [PMID: 34038784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the European Union, cosmetic products are regulated by the Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009. The Analytical Working Group of the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) suggested that a new sensitive analytical method is needed to determine psoralens in finished cosmetic products. This research provides an HPLC-MS/MS method for the quality control of 20 furocoumarins, 8 coumarins and 7 polymethoxyflavones in cosmetics. Thanks to the high sensitivity of the tandem mass spectrometry detection in Multiple Reaction Monitoring mode, psoralens contained in trace have been quantified in different products. The Limits of Quantifications were in the range 0.3-74 μg L-1. A reliable identification was achieved combining the Linear Retention Index (LRI) system with the MS and MS/MS libraries. In particular, the attribution was based on the spectra similarity filtered by the LRI parameter. The robustness and reproducibility of the LRI approach was demonstrated by the comparison of the HPLC-MS/MS results here reported with those obtained in our previous study, by using an HPLC-PDA system. This method could be taken into account for quality control of furocoumarins in cosmetics, and by the main associations, such as IFRA, for the purpose of issuing new opinions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arigò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy; BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy; BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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14
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Rigano F, Arena P, Mangraviti D, Donnarumma D, Dugo P, Donato P, Mondello L, Micalizzi G. Identification of high-value generating molecules from the wastes of tuna fishery industry by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography hyphenated techniques with automated sample preparation. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1571-1580. [PMID: 33617095 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to a promising re-utilization of the massive waste derived from the tuna fishing industry, for which by-products can represent more than 50% of the original material. Due to the considerable content in polyunsaturated fatty acids and noble proteins, such wastes can be used as primary source of functional ingredients in the production of nutraceuticals. The composition of the lipid and protein tuna fractions was investigated by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods (in wastes and edible parts), and a preliminary characterization of potential bioactive peptides was achieved. Automated sample preparation allowed speeding up the analytical workflow, while allowing for highly sensitive and selective lipid characterization. The ω3 fatty acid content was found higher in waste products compared to the muscle, in terms of fatty acids as well as complex lipids. As for peptides, extraction by isoelectric solubilization/precipitation was performed, followed by enzymatic digestion and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, the use of bioinformatics tools highlighted the presence of potential antimicrobial peptides in the samples investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Arena
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenica Mangraviti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Danilo Donnarumma
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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15
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Influence of Citrus Flavor Addition in Brewing Process: Characterization of the Volatile and Non-Volatile Profile to Prevent Frauds and Adulterations. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the flavored beer market has increased significantly. In particular, consumers showed a growing interest in citrus-flavored beers. Citrus fruits contain, among other class of compounds, terpenes and terpenoids and oxygenated heterocyclic compounds. The absence of a specific legislation concerning beer flavored production and ingredients reported on the labels makes these beers subject to possible adulterations. Solid phase micro extraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatographic-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis of the volatile profile together with the characterization of the oxygen heterocyclic compounds through high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) demonstrated to be a powerful analytical strategy for quality control. In this study, we combined the volatile and non-volatile profiles of “citrus flavored mainstream beers”, in order to evaluate the authenticity and determine markers to prevent food frauds. The changes in the aroma composition of the unflavored types after the addition of peel, or citrus essential oil were also evaluated. The linear retention index (LRI) system was used for both techniques; in particular, its application in liquid chromatography is still limited and represents a novelty. The coupling of the high sensitivity of the HPLC MS/MS method with the LRI system, it has made possible for the first time a reliable identification and an accurate quantification of furocoumarins in citrus-flavored beers.
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16
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Cuadros-Rodríguez L, Martín-Torres S, Ortega-Gavilán F, Jiménez-Carvelo AM, López-Ruiz R, Garrido-Frenich A, Bagur-González MG, González-Casado A. Standardization of chromatographic signals - Part II: Expanding instrument-agnostic fingerprints to reverse phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461973. [PMID: 33611123 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a large amount of literature relating to multivariate analytical methods using liquid chromatography together with multivariate chemometric/data mining methods in the food science field. Nevertheless, dating the obtained results cannot be compared as they are based on data acquired by a particular analytical instrument, thus they are instrument-dependant. Therefore, this creates difficulties in generating a database large enough to gather together all the variability of the samples. The solution to this problem is to obtain an instrument-agnostic chromatographic signal that is independent of the chromatographic state, i.e., measuring instrument or particular condition of the same instrument from which it was acquired. This paper describes the methodology to be followed to obtain standardized instrumental fingerprints when liquid chromatography is used for prior separation. For this purpose both internal and external chemical standards series are used as references. As an application example, we have applied this methodology for the determination of biophenols in olive oil by liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet-visible detector (LC-UV), using three different LC-UV instruments. The instrument-agnostic fingerprints obtained show a high grade of similarity, regardless of the state of the chromatographic system or the time of acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cuadros-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Sandra Martín-Torres
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Fidel Ortega-Gavilán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M Jiménez-Carvelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosalía López-Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Agri-food International Campus of Excellence, CeiA3, E-04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido-Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Agri-food International Campus of Excellence, CeiA3, E-04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - M Gracia Bagur-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Casado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
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17
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The retention index approach in liquid chromatography: An historical review and recent advances. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1640:461963. [PMID: 33610133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Historically, retention parameters were reliably used as identification criterion in chromatographic analytical systems. However, pure analytical standards are necessary to determine the retention behaviour of a given compound. In recent decades, mass spectrometer (MS) became the detector of choice to obtain structural information on unknown peaks, thanks to the elucidation of fragments, often arisen from the loss of specific functional groups. The cost and the level of experience of the operators is surely higher compared to the use of retention data. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to describe the efforts in the introduction of the Linear Retention Index (LRI) in routine, interlaboratory applicable identification procedures. The requirements and the main challenges will be discussed, even compared to gas chromatography methods, in which LRI is stably used for identification purposes, usually in combination with MS spectral libraries. The higher number of LC-amenable molecules and the wide range of LC mobile phase compositions make the building of universal LRI database a very challenging task. The limitations encountered in the past decades are reported, together with new proposals in order to overcome such issues.
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18
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Opialla T, Kempa S, Pietzke M. Towards a More Reliable Identification of Isomeric Metabolites Using Pattern Guided Retention Validation. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110457. [PMID: 33198249 PMCID: PMC7696895 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable analyte identification is critical in metabolomics experiments to ensure proper interpretation of data. Due to chemical similarity of metabolites (as isobars and isomers) identification by mass spectrometry or chromatography alone can be difficult. Here we show that isomeric compounds are quite common in the metabolic space as given in common metabolite databases. Further, we show that retention information can shift dramatically between different experiments decreasing the value of external or even in-house compound databases. As a consequence the retention information in compound databases should be updated regularly, to allow a reliable identification. To do so we present a feasible and budget conscious method to guarantee updates of retention information on a regular basis using well designed compound mixtures. For this we combine compounds in "Ident-Mixes", showing a way to distinctly identify chemically similar compounds through combinatorics and principle of exclusion. We illustrate the feasibility of this approach by comparing Gas chromatography (GC)-columns with identical properties from three different vendors and by creating a compound database from measuring these mixtures by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results show the high influence of used materials on retention behavior and the ability of our approach to generate high quality identifications in a short time.
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19
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Isolation of Microalgae from Mediterranean Seawater and Production of Lipids in the Cultivated Species. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111601. [PMID: 33158015 PMCID: PMC7692243 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation and identification of novel microalgae strains with high lipid productivity is one of the most important research topics to have emerged recently. However, practical production processes will probably require the use of local strains adapted to commanding climatic conditions. The present manuscript describes the isolation of 96 microalgae strains from seawater located in Bay M’diq, Morocco. Four strains were identified using the 18S rDNA and morphological identification through microscopic examination. The biomass and lipid productivity were compared and showed good results for Nannochloris sp. (15.93 mg/L/day). The lipid content in the four species, namely Nannochloropsis gaditana, Nannochloris sp., Phaedactylum tricornutum and Tetraselmis suecica, was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS ) highlighting the identification of up to 77 compounds.
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20
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Rigano F, Oteri M, Micalizzi G, Mangraviti D, Dugo P, Mondello L. Lipid profile of fish species by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and a novel linear retention index database. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1773-1780. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, BiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Sicily Italy
| | - Marianna Oteri
- Department of Chemical, BiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Sicily Italy
| | - Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Chromaleont s.r.l.c/o Department of Chemical, BiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Sicily Italy
| | - Domenica Mangraviti
- Department of Chemical, BiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Sicily Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, BiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Sicily Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l.c/o Department of Chemical, BiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Sicily Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, BiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Sicily Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l.c/o Department of Chemical, BiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Sicily Italy
- Unit of Food Science and NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity Campus Bio‐Medico of Rome Rome Italy
- BeSep s.r.l.c/o Department of Chemical, BiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Messina Messina Sicily Italy
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21
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Characterization of monoacylglycerols and diacylglycerols rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids produced by hydrolysis of Musteleus mustelus liver oil catalyzed by an immobilized bacterial lipase. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1613:460692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Li W, Lin L, Yan D, Jin Y, Xu Y, Li Y, Ma M, Wu Z. Application of a Pseudotargeted MS Method for the Quantification of Glycated Hemoglobin for the Improved Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3237-3245. [PMID: 31961136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518020, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Sustech Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dewen Yan
- Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Min Ma
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518020, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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23
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Lux PE, Carle R, Zacarías L, Rodrigo MJ, Schweiggert RM, Steingass CB. Genuine Carotenoid Profiles in Sweet Orange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Navel] Peel and Pulp at Different Maturity Stages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13164-13175. [PMID: 31665598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The carotenogenesis in the endocarp and flavedo of Navel oranges over four consecutive maturity stages was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-multistage mass spectrometry. After optimization of the extraction method, 77 carotenoids, including 26 monoesters and 33 diesters of violaxanthin, β-citraurin, and antheraxanthin, were characterized. Whereas chloroplast-specific pigments, such as (all-E)-lutein and (all-E)-β-carotene, predominated in the flavedo of green-ripe fruit, a highly complex pattern of xanthophyll esters was found in the mature oranges. Total carotenoid contents of flavedo were approximately 9-fold higher [12 605 μg/100 g of fresh weight (FW)] than those in the endocarp (1354 μg/100 g of FW) at the fully mature stage. The mature endocarp abundantly contained violaxanthin mono- and diesters, in addition to diverse antheraxanthin esters, which were exclusively detected in this fruit fraction. Likewise, β-citraurin esters were found to be unique flavedo constituents of mature fruit. Therefore, they may support the detection of fraudulent use of peel fractions during orange juice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Lux
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Chair Food Biofunctionality , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 28 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Post Office Box 80257, Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Catedrático Agustin Escardino 7 , 46980 Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - María-Jesús Rodrigo
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Catedrático Agustin Escardino 7 , 46980 Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - Ralf M Schweiggert
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis & Technology of Plant-Based Foods , Geisenheim University , Von-Lade-Straße 1 , 65366 Geisenheim , Germany
| | - Christof B Steingass
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 25 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis & Technology of Plant-Based Foods , Geisenheim University , Von-Lade-Straße 1 , 65366 Geisenheim , Germany
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24
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Rigano F, Russo M, Arigò A, Dugo P, Mondello L. Combining linear retention index and electron ionization mass spectrometry for a reliable identification in nano liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1610:460581. [PMID: 31610919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present research is focused on the object to improve identification capability in liquid chromatography (LC), by creating a system as similar as possible to gas chromatography (GC), where the combination/complementarity of Linear Retention Index (LRI) and Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry (EI-MS) data makes the identification process easy, automatic and reliable. Conversely, in LC the untargeted characterization of real-world samples is still a challenge, due to the not repeatable and poorly informative nature of typical atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry, normally hyphenated to LC. In the last decades the miniaturization of LC instrumentation together with the considerable progresses in MS vacuum pump capability has made the LC-EI-MS hyphenation more feasible. In the present work, a prototypal nanoLC-EI-MS system was used for the determination of typically LC-amenable compunds, such as coumarins, furocoumarins and polymethoxyflavones in citrus essential oils. All the compounds provided high quality EI-MS spectra, evaluated by the comparison with thousands of spectra present in commercial EI-MS libraries. Spectral similarities major than 80% were achieved. Furthermore, an LRI system, based on the use of an alkyl aryl ketone homologue reference series, was proposed as additional filter to achieve a univocal identification. Then, a novel dual-filter LRI/EI-MS library was built and resulted very helpful in the case of isomeric compounds characterized by identical EI-MS spectrum, but different retention behaviour. The very low inter-day variability attained for each LRI value, together with the satisfactory chromatographic resolution of the developed method, led to a 100% reliability of the identification process based on LRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rigano
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marina Russo
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Arigò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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25
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Arigò A, Rigano F, Micalizzi G, Dugo P, Mondello L. Oxygen heterocyclic compound screening in
Citrus
essential oils by linear retention index approach applied to liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arigò
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition Department of Medicine University Campus Bio‐Medico of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition Department of Medicine University Campus Bio‐Medico of Rome Rome Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
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26
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Lieb VM, Schex R, Esquivel P, Jiménez VM, Schmarr HG, Carle R, Steingass CB. Fatty acids and triacylglycerols in the mesocarp and kernel oils of maturing Costa Rican Acrocomia aculeata fruits. NFS JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Schlotterbeck J, Kolb A, Lämmerhofer M. Free fatty acid profiling in marine algae extract by LC-MS/MS and isolation as well as quantification of the ω-3 fatty acid hexadeca-4,7,10,13-tetraenoic acid. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4286-4295. [PMID: 30307116 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame) alga contains high amounts of hexadeca-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z-tetraenoic acid which was reported to decrease the efficiency of cisplatin chemotherapeutics. To obtain a fatty acid enriched extract of this ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acid as an analytical standard, Wakame was used as source material for its extraction. A two-step extraction protocol consisting of a liquid-liquid extraction followed by solid-phase extraction with 3-aminopropyl silica in accordance to a normal-phase elution mode was developed. An ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method based on sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra allowed a simultaneous comprehensive group selective fatty acids profiling in untargeted manner and quantitative analysis of the targeted fatty acid. Hexadeca-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z-tetraenoic acid was identified using high-resolution product ion spectra. The quantitative method was based on d5-deuterated hexadeca-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z-tetraenoic acid which was employed as surrogate calibrant. Preliminary method validation was performed by evaluating detection and quantification limits, linear range, intra-assay and inter-day precision. Finally, a concentration of 421.2 ± 14.9 ng/mL (4% CV) of hexadeca-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z-tetraenoic acid was determined in the extract which was further used as analytical standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schlotterbeck
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Agnes Kolb
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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28
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Use of an “Intelligent Knife” (iknife), Based on the Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry Technology, for Authenticity Assessment of Pistachio Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Zied Z, Edahech A, Rigano F, Micalizzi G, Mondello L, Kharrat N, Sellami M, Cacciola F. Monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol production by hydrolysis of refined vegetable oil by‐products using an immobilized lipase from
Serratia
sp. W3. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4323-4330. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zarai Zied
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of LipasesNational School of Engineers of SfaxUniversity of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Edahech
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of LipasesNational School of Engineers of SfaxUniversity of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Chromaleont s.r.l.c/o Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Chromaleont s.r.l.c/o Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheBiologicheFarmaceutiche ed AmbientaliUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
- Department of MedicineUniversity Campus Bio‐Medico of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Nadia Kharrat
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of LipasesNational School of Engineers of SfaxUniversity of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Sellami
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of LipasesNational School of Engineers of SfaxUniversity of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Scienze BiomedicheOdontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e FunzionaliUniversity of Messina Messina Italy
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