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Lee JY, Kim T, Song S, Lee J, Kim SY, Lee J, Kim BK. Electrochemical Cloud Point Temperature from Thermoamperometry: Real-Time Analysis for Phase Transition of Thermoresponsive Polymers. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2832-2837. [PMID: 36625765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cloud point temperature (Tcp) is a thermal index used to define the phase transition of thermoresponsive polymers. In this study, we used electrochemical techniques to obtain an electrochemical cloud point temperature (Tecp) that exhibits the more accurate phase transition temperature and can replace Tcp. Thermoamperometry on an ultramicroelectrode was conducted with a poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PES10) as a model system to obtain a current-temperature (i-T) curve in real time; the Tecp of the PES10 was determined from the i-T curve. The i-T curve shows an unprecedented current decrease in the PES10 solution despite increasing temperature; on the other hand, the current increased linearly with increasing temperature in the solution without PES10. This phenomenon was analyzed by considering the characteristics of PES10 during phase transition, such as dynamic viscosity, temperature of the solution, and electrode impedance. It was confirmed that the current drops shown in the i-T curves were mainly due to the decrease of real electrode area. The comparison of Tecp and Tcp showed that both depended similarly on the concentrations of the thermoresponsive polymer and the supporting electrolyte. The results reveal that by adjusting the concentration of polymer and electrolyte in an organic solution, Tecp, as a new analytical method, can be used in electric circuit-based energy storage appliances such as Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sua Song
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul04310, Republic of Korea.,Inorganic Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Reliability Assessment Center for Chemical Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Republic of Korea
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Kim JW, Kim SJ, Song IY, Lee WE, Heo K, Kim SY, Lee J, Kim BK. Simple and rapid electrochemical monitoring for depolymerization of polyamic acid. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1233:340489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Kim G, Cho H, Nandhakumar P, Park JK, Kim KS, Yang H. Wash-Free, Sandwich-Type Protein Detection Using Direct Electron Transfer and Catalytic Signal Amplification of Multiple Redox Labels. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2163-2171. [PMID: 35043633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Direct electron transfer (DET) between a redox label and an electrode has been used for sensitive and selective sandwich-type detection without a wash step. However, applying DET is still highly challenging in protein detection, and a single redox label per probe is insufficient to obtain a high electrochemical signal. Here, we report a wash-free, sandwich-type detection of thrombin using DET and catalytic signal amplification of multiple redox labels. The detection scheme is based on (i) the redox label-catalyzed oxidation of a reductant, (ii) the conjugation of multiple redox labels per probe using a poly-linker, (iii) the low nonspecific adsorption of the conjugated poly-linker due to uncharged, reduced redox labels, and (iv) a facile DET using long, flexible poly-linker and spacer DNA. Amine-reactive phenazine ethosulfate and NADH were used as the redox label and reductant, respectively. N3-terminated polylysine was used as the poly-linker for the conjugation between an aptamer probe and multiple redox labels. Approximately 11 redox labels per probe and rapid catalytic NADH oxidation enable high signal amplification. Thrombin in urine could be detected without a wash step with a detection limit of ∼50 pM, which is practically promising for point-of-care testing of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyejin Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ponnusamy Nandhakumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jin Kyoon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Kwang-Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Nandhakumar P, Lee W, Nam S, Bhatia A, Seo J, Kim G, Lee N, Yoon YH, Joo JM, Yang H. Di(Thioether Sulfonate)-Substituted Quinolinedione as a Rapidly Dissoluble and Stable Electron Mediator and Its Application in Sensitive Biosensors. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101819. [PMID: 34706164 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The commonly required properties of diffusive electron mediators for point-of-care testing are rapid dissolubility, high stability, and moderate formal potential in aqueous solutions. Inspired by nature, various quinone-containing electron mediators have been developed; however, satisfying all these requirements remains a challenge. Herein, a strategic design toward quinones incorporating sulfonated thioether and nitrogen-containing heteroarene moieties as solubilizing, stabilizing, and formal potential-modulating groups is reported. A systematic investigation reveals that di(thioether sulfonate)-substituted quinoline-1,4-dione (QLS) and quinoxaline-1,4-dione (QXS) display water solubilities of ≈1 m and are rapidly dissoluble. By finely balancing the electron-donating effect of the thioethers and the electron-withdrawing effect of the nitrogen atom, formal potentials suitable for electrochemical biosensors are achieved with QLS and QXS (-0.15 and -0.09 V vs Ag/AgCl, respectively, at pH 7.4). QLS is stable for >1 d in PBS (pH 7.4) and for 1 h in tris buffer (pH 9.0), which is sufficient for point-of-care testing. Furthermore, QLS, with its high electron mediation ability, is successfully used in biosensors for sensitive detection of glucose and parathyroid hormone, demonstrating detection limits of ≈0.3 × 10-3 m and ≈2 pg mL-1 , respectively. This strategy produces organic electron mediators exhibiting rapid dissolution and high stability, and will find broad application beyond quinone-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnusamy Nandhakumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | - Woohyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | - Sangwook Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | - Aman Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | - Jia Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | - Gyeongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | | | | | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Korea
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Meng Y, Du M, Yang Y, Cheng Q, Cao F. Electrochemical observation of individual collision-blocking events of TX-100 nanomicelles: An accurate and universal approach for the critical micelle concentration determination of surfactants. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1188:339179. [PMID: 34794567 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical collision-blocking technique, equipped with the nanoelectrode of Pt was proposed for determination of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of non-ionic surfactant TX-100. The approach was found on detection of individual collided nanomicelles in amperometric measurements of the oxidation of K4Fe(CN)6 varying the titrated concentration of TX-100 whereas the formed micelles above the CMC stick on the electrode surface during collision to locally block the flux of electroactive species and further to change the faradaic current. The step-like current transients observed in i-t curves have been demonstrated corresponding to electrochemical collision events of individual TX-100 micelles and micelle aggregates by 3D COMSOL simulations. The logarithm relations between the collision frequency of micelle(s) and the concentration of TX-100 were derived by regression analysis to give the corresponding values of CMC in salt solutions. Further, an 'ideal' CMC of TX-100 without influence of additional salts was estimated to be 0.194 mM using the McDevit-Long theory. The more accurate CMC determined in this work has shown less than the previously reported, mainly due to the detection limit for micelle as low as 0.41 fM. Also, we determined the second CMC of 1.21 mM as the first observation of the collision response of micelle aggregates during TX-100 titration. Owing to its analytical characteristics in single-particle tracking and material insensitivity, the approach we proposed is potentially to be a universal tool for accurate determination of CMC of surfactants, and also for studying the formation of polymer particles at a single-particle level, which is not easily accessible using conventional ensemble measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China.
| | - Minshu Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China; Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang, 215400, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, NPU, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Qianni Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Fahe Cao
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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Kim T, Lee J, Lee B, Park J, Song S, Kim BK, Kim SY. Determination of the hydrogenation state of benzene by the thermally induced phase separation of Poly(ethersulfone). POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lee J, Lee J, Song S, Kim B. Single Microcystis Detection Through Electrochemical Collision Events on Ultramicroelectrodes. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeho Lee
- Department of Chemistry Sookmyung Women's University Seoul 04310 South Korea
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Department of Chemistry Sookmyung Women's University Seoul 04310 South Korea
| | - Sua Song
- Department of Chemistry Sookmyung Women's University Seoul 04310 South Korea
| | - Byung‐Kwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Sookmyung Women's University Seoul 04310 South Korea
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Zhang X, Kreuzer LP, Schwaiger DM, Lu M, Mao Z, Cubitt R, Müller-Buschbaum P, Zhong Q. Abnormal fast dehydration and rehydration of light- and thermo-dual-responsive copolymer films triggered by UV radiation. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:2603-2613. [PMID: 33527960 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal fast dehydration and rehydration of light- and thermo-dual-responsive copolymer films of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-6-(4-phenylazophenoxy)hexyl acrylate), abbreviated as P(OEGMA300-co-PAHA), are triggered by UV radiation. Both rapid kinetic processes are probed by in situ neutron reflectivity (NR). The transition temperatures (TTs) of P(OEGMA300-co-PAHA) are 53.0 (ambient conditions) and 52.5 °C (UV radiation, λ = 365 nm). Thin P(OEGMA300-co-PAHA) films show a random distribution of OEGMA300 and PAHA segments. They swell in a D2O vapor atmosphere at 23 °C (below TT) to a swelling ratio d/das-prep of 1.61 ± 0.01 and exhibit a D2O volume fraction φ(D2O) of 39.3 ± 0.5%. After being exposed to UV radiation for only 60 s, d/das-prep and φ(D2O) significantly decrease to 1.00 ± 0.01 and 13.4 ± 0.5%, respectively. Although the UV-induced trans-cis isomerization of the azobenzene in PAHA induces increased hydrophilicity, the configuration change causes a breaking of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between OEGMA300 and D2O molecules and unexpected film shrinkage. As compared to thermal stimulus-induced dehydration, the present dehydration rate is 100 times faster. Removal of the UV radiation causes immediate rehydration. After 200 s, d/das-prep and φ(D2O) recover to their hydrated states, which is also 30 times faster than the initial hydration. At 60 °C (above TT), thin P(OEGMA300-co-PAHA) films switch to their collapsed state and are insensitive to UV radiation. Thus, the UV-induced fast dehydration and rehydration depend on the existence of hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lucas P Kreuzer
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Dominik M Schwaiger
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Min Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Robert Cubitt
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. and Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Qi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China. and Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Nguyen THT, Lee J, Kim HY, Nam KM, Kim BK. Current research on single-entity electrochemistry for soft nanoparticle detection: Introduction to detection methods and applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 151:111999. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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A fluorometric lead(II) assay by using a DNA dendrimer as a carrier for the immobilization of the signal probe. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:582. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Direct Electrolysis and Detection of Single Nanosized Water Emulsion Droplets in Organic Solvent Using Stochastic Collisions. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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