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Sharma A, Mishra A, Chhabra M. Rapid measurement of bacterial contamination in water: A catalase responsive-electrochemical sensor. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26724. [PMID: 38434288 PMCID: PMC10906405 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the development of a potentiometric sensor for microbial monitoring in water based on catalase activity. The sensor comprises a MnO2-modified electrode that responds linearly to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from 0.16 M to 3.26 M. The electrode potential drops when the H2O2 solution is spiked with catalase or catalase-producing microorganisms that decompose H2O2. The sensor is responsive to different bacteria and their catalase activities. The electrochemical sensor exhibits a lower limit of detection (LOD) for Escherichia coli at 11 CFU/ml, Citrobacter youngae at 12 CFU/ml, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 23 CFU/ml. The sensor shows high sensitivity at 3.49, 3.02, and 4.24 mV/cm2dec for E. coli, C. youngae, and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The abiotic sensing electrode can be used multiple times without changing the response potential (up to 100 readings) with a shelf-life of over six months. The response time is a few seconds, with a total test time of 5 min. Additionally, the sensor effectively tested actual samples (drinking and grey water), which makes it a quick and reliable sensing tool. Therefore, the study offers a promising water monitoring tool with high sensitivity, stability, good detection limit, and minimum interference from other water contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meenu Chhabra
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur (IITJ), Jodhpur, 342030, Rajasthan, India
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2
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Ikeda H, Tokonami A, Nishii S, Fujita M, Yamamoto Y, Sadanaga Y, Shiigi H. Evaluation of Antibiotic Penicillin G Activities Based on Electrochemical Measurement of a Tetrazolium Salt. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:253-257. [PMID: 38432906 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on the electrochemical properties of tetrazolium salts to develop a simple method for evaluating viable bacterial counts, which are indicators of drug susceptibility. Considering that the oxidized form of tetrazolium, which has excellent cell membrane permeability, changes to the insoluble reduced form formazan inside the cell, the number of viable cells was estimated based on the reduction current of the tetrazolium remaining in the bacterial suspension. Dissolved oxygen is an important component of bacterial activity. However, it interferes with the electrochemical response of tetrazolium. We estimated the number of viable bacteria in the suspension based on potential-selective current responses that were not affected by dissolved oxygen. Based on solubility, cell membrane permeability, and characteristic electrochemical properties of the tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium, we developed a method for rapidly measuring viable bacteria within one-fifth of the time required by conventional colorimetric methods for drug susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Akira Tokonami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Shigeki Nishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University
- EC Frontier Co
| | - Yojiro Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University
- Green Chem. Inc
| | | | - Hiroshi Shiigi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University
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3
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Ikeda H, Tokonami A, Nishii S, Shan X, Yamamoto Y, Sadanaga Y, Chen Z, Shiigi H. Evaluation of Bacterial Activity Based on the Electrochemical Properties of Tetrazolium Salts. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12358-12364. [PMID: 37605797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the electrochemical properties of tetrazolium salts to develop a simple method for evaluating viable bacterial counts, which are indicators of hygiene control at food and pharmaceutical manufacturing sites. Given that the oxidized form of 3-(4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), which has excellent cell membrane permeability, changes to the insoluble reduced form of formazan inside the cell, the number of viable cells was estimated by focusing on the reduction current of MTT remaining in the suspension. Dissolved oxygen is an important substance for bacterial activity; however, it interferes with the electrochemical response of MTT. We investigated the electrochemical properties of MTT to obtain a potential-selective current response that was not affected by dissolved oxygen. Real-time observation of viable bacteria in suspension revealed that uptake of MTT into bacteria was completed within 10 min, including the lag period. In addition, we observed that the current response depends on viable cell density regardless of the bacterial species present. Our method enables a rapid estimation of the number of viable bacteria, making it possible to confirm the safety of food products before they are shipped from the factory and thereby prevent food poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuen, Naka, Sakai 599-8570, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Tokonami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuen, Naka, Sakai 599-8570, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuen, Naka, Sakai 599-8570, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xueling Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yojiro Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuen, Naka, Sakai 599-8570, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sadanaga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuen, Naka, Sakai 599-8570, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhidong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Hiroshi Shiigi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuen, Naka, Sakai 599-8570, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Wang Y, Thompson KN, Yan Y, Short MI, Zhang Y, Franzosa EA, Shen J, Hartmann EM, Huttenhower C. RNA-based amplicon sequencing is ineffective in measuring metabolic activity in environmental microbial communities. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:131. [PMID: 37312147 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of microbial activity is essential to the understanding of the basic biology of microbial communities, as the function of a microbiome is defined by its biochemically active ("viable") community members. Current sequence-based technologies can rarely differentiate microbial activity, due to their inability to distinguish live and dead sourced DNA. As a result, our understanding of microbial community structures and the potential mechanisms of transmission between humans and our surrounding environments remains incomplete. As a potential solution, 16S rRNA transcript-based amplicon sequencing (16S-RNA-seq) has been proposed as a reliable methodology to characterize the active components of a microbiome, but its efficacy has not been evaluated systematically. Here, we present our work to benchmark RNA-based amplicon sequencing for activity assessment in synthetic and environmentally sourced microbial communities. RESULTS In synthetic mixtures of living and heat-killed Escherichia coli and Streptococcus sanguinis, 16S-RNA-seq successfully reconstructed the active compositions of the communities. However, in the realistic environmental samples, no significant compositional differences were observed in RNA ("actively transcribed - active") vs. DNA ("whole" communities) spiked with E. coli controls, suggesting that this methodology is not appropriate for activity assessment in complex communities. The results were slightly different when validated in environmental samples of similar origins (i.e., from Boston subway systems), where samples were differentiated both by environment type as well as by library type, though compositional dissimilarities between DNA and RNA samples remained low (Bray-Curtis distance median: 0.34-0.49). To improve the interpretation of 16S-RNA-seq results, we compared our results with previous studies and found that 16S-RNA-seq suggests taxon-wise viability trends (i.e., specific taxa are universally more or less likely to be viable compared to others) in samples of similar origins. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of 16S-RNA-seq for viability assessment in synthetic and complex microbial communities. The results found that while 16S-RNA-seq was able to semi-quantify microbial viability in relatively simple communities, it only suggests a taxon-dependent "relative" viability in realistic communities. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Microbiome Analysis Core, Building SPH1, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kelsey N Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Microbiome Analysis Core, Building SPH1, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Microbiome Analysis Core, Building SPH1, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Meghan I Short
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Microbiome Analysis Core, Building SPH1, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yancong Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Microbiome Analysis Core, Building SPH1, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eric A Franzosa
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Microbiome Analysis Core, Building SPH1, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jiaxian Shen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Erica M Hartmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Microbiome Analysis Core, Building SPH1, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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5
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Zamzami M, Alamoudi S, Ahmad A, Choudhry H, Khan MI, Hosawi S, Rabbani G, Shalaan ES, Arkook B. Direct Identification of Label-Free Gram-Negative Bacteria with Bioreceptor-Free Concentric Interdigitated Electrodes. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:179. [PMID: 36831945 PMCID: PMC9953431 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This investigation demonstrates an electrochemical method for directly identifying unlabeled Gram-negative bacteria without other additives or labeling agents. After incubation, the bacterial cell surface is linked to the interdigitated electrode through electroadsorption. Next, these cells are exposed to a potential difference between the two electrodes. The design geometry of an electrode has a significant effect on the electrochemical detection of Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, electrode design geometry is a crucial factor that needs to be considered when designing electrodes for electrochemical sensing. They provide the area for the reaction and are responsible for transferring electrons from one electrode to another. This work aims to study the available design in the commercial market to determine the most suitable electrode geometry with a high detection sensitivity that can be used to identify and quantify bacterial cells in normal saline solutions. To work on detecting bacterial cells without the biorecognition element, we have to consider the microelectrode's design, which makes it very susceptible to bacteria size. The concentration-dilution technique measures the effect of the concentration on label-free Gram-negative bacteria in a normal saline solution without needing bio-recognized elements for a fast screening evaluation. This method's limit of detection (LOD) cannot measure concentrations less than 102 CFU/mL and cannot distinguish between live and dead cells. Nevertheless, this approach exhibited excellent detection performance under optimal experimental conditions and took only a few hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samer Alamoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulam Rabbani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - El-Sayed Shalaan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassim Arkook
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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6
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Song E, Lee K, Kim J. Tetrazolium-Based Visually Indicating Bacteria Sensor for Colorimetric Detection of Point of Contamination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38153-38161. [PMID: 35946791 PMCID: PMC9415389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protective equipment for detecting bacterial contamination has been in high demand with increasing interest in public health and hygiene. Herein, a fiber-based visually indicating bacteria sensor (VIBS) embedded with iodonitrotetrazolium chloride is developed for the general purpose of detecting live bacteria, and its chromogenic effectiveness is investigated for Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Micrococcus luteus. The developed color intensity is measured by the light absorption coefficient to the scattering coefficient (K/S) based on the Kubelka-Munk equation, and the colorimetric sensitivities of different membranes are examined by calculating the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ). The results demonstrate that the interactions between VIBS and bacteria depend on the wetting properties of membranes. A hydrophobic membrane shows excessive interactions at high concentrations of Gram-negative E. coli bacteria, whose cell membrane is lipophilic. The membrane blended with hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers displays linear colorimetric responses for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria strains, demonstrating a reliable sensing capability in the range of the tested bacteria concentration. This study is significant in that explorative experimentations are performed to conceive a proof of concept of a fiber-based bacteria sensor, which is readily applicable in various fields where bacteria pose a threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Song
- Department
of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyeongeun Lee
- Department
of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Reliability
Assessment Center, FITI Testing & Research
Institute, Seoul 07791, Korea
| | - Jooyoun Kim
- Department
of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research
Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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7
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Accelerating electricity power generation and shortening incubation period of microbial fuel cell operated in tidal flat sediment by artificial surfactant anode modification. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Gopal A, Yan L, Kashif S, Munshi T, Roy VAL, Voelcker NH, Chen X. Biosensors and Point-of-Care Devices for Bacterial Detection: Rapid Diagnostics Informing Antibiotic Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101546. [PMID: 34850601 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With an exponential rise in antimicrobial resistance and stagnant antibiotic development pipeline, there is, more than ever, a crucial need to optimize current infection therapy approaches. One of the most important stages in this process requires rapid and effective identification of pathogenic bacteria responsible for diseases. Current gold standard techniques of bacterial detection include culture methods, polymerase chain reactions, and immunoassays. However, their use is fraught with downsides with high turnaround time and low accuracy being the most prominent. This imposes great limitations on their eventual application as point-of-care devices. Over time, innovative detection techniques have been proposed and developed to curb these drawbacks. In this review, a systematic summary of a range of biosensing platforms is provided with a strong focus on technologies conferring high detection sensitivity and specificity. A thorough analysis is performed and the benefits and drawbacks of each type of biosensor are highlighted, the factors influencing their potential as point-of-care devices are discussed, and the authors' insights for their translation from proof-of-concept systems into commercial medical devices are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Gopal
- School of Engineering Institute for Bioengineering The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JL UK
| | - Li Yan
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China
| | - Saima Kashif
- School of Engineering Institute for Bioengineering The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JL UK
| | - Tasnim Munshi
- School of Chemistry University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Lincoln Lincolnshire LN6 7TS UK
| | | | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria VIC 3052 Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- School of Engineering Institute for Bioengineering The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JL UK
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9
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Zhang H, Wu Z, Zhi Z, Gao W, Sun W, Hua Z, Wu Y. Practical and Efficient: A Pocket-Sized Device Enabling Detection of Formaldehyde Adulteration in Vegetables. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:160-167. [PMID: 35036687 PMCID: PMC8756785 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde, as a carcinogenic substance, is often intentionally used to adulterate vegetables to increase their shelf life, and the adhesive tape used to attach labels can also leave formaldehyde on the surface of vegetables. However, as the "gold" standard, gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are expensive for individual tests and confined to the laboratory owing to their size and a suitable detector (low-cost, portable, fast detection speed) to check formaldehyde contamination in vegetables not being available. Here, we tested formaldehyde contamination in vegetables using a low-cost and hand-held detector combined with a screen-printed electrode (SPE) amperometric sensor and an open-sourced potentiostat. The analyzer can detect a concentration of 100 μmol/L formaldehyde and achieve a good linear range between 100 and 1000 μmol/L. Furthermore, the detector successfully identified formaldehyde contamination in 53 samples of six different kinds of vegetables even after residual formaldehyde on the surface was evaporated. Most importantly, under the practicability-oriented idea, a cost-effective strategy was implemented for this detector design rather than using other pricey methods (e.g., photolithography, electron-beam evaporation, chemical deposition), which enormously reduces the cost (under ∼USD 0.5 per test) and meets all of the requirements of ASSURED device. We believe this cheap, portable detector could help law-enforcing authorities, healthcare workers, and customers to screen formaldehyde contamination easily. Also, the cost-saving strategy is appropriate for low-income areas, where there is a lack of laboratories, funds, and trained experts.
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10
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Naik A, Misra SK. Modern Sensing Approaches for Predicting Toxicological Responses of Food- and Drug-Based Bioactives on Microbiomes of Gut Origin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6396-6413. [PMID: 34081444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent scientific findings have correlated the gut microbes with homeostasis of human health by delineating their role in pathogen resistance, bioactive metabolization, and immune responses. Foreign materials, like xenobiotics, that induce an altering effect to the human body also influence the gut microbiome to some extent and often limit their use as a result of significant side effects. Investigating the xenobiotic effect of new therapeutic material or edible could be quite painstaking and economically non-viable. Thus, the use of predictive toxicology methods can be an innovative strategy in the food, pharma, and agriculture industries. There are reported in silico, ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo methods to evaluate such effects but with added drawbacks, such as lower predictability, physiological dissimilarities, and high cost of associated invasive procedures. This review highlights the current and future possibilities with newer modern sensing approaches of economic and time-scale advantages for predicting toxicological responses on gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Naik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Santosh K Misra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
- The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kalyanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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11
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Castle LM, Schuh DA, Reynolds EE, Furst AL. Electrochemical Sensors to Detect Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1717-1730. [PMID: 33955227 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial foodborne pathogens cause millions of illnesses each year and disproportionately impact those in developing countries. To combat these diseases and their spread, effective monitoring of foodborne pathogens is needed. Technologies to detect these microbes must be deployable at the point-of-contamination, often in nonideal environments. Electrochemical sensors are uniquely suited for field-deployable monitoring, as they are quantitative, rapid, and do not require expensive instrumentation. When combined with the inherent recognition capabilities of biomolecules, electrochemistry is unmatched for quantitative biological measurements with minimal equipment requirements. This Review is centered on recent advances in electrochemical sensors for the detection of bacterial foodborne pathogens with a specific emphasis on field-deployable platforms, as this is a key requirement of any technology that could effectively halt the spread of foodborne diseases. Innovative electrochemical sensing strategies are highlighted that demonstrate the ability of these technologies to achieve high sensitivity and large detection ranges with rapid readout. Sensing strategies are categorized on the basis of whether they incorporate biological pretreatments or biorecognition elements, and their key advantages and disadvantages are summarized. As this class of sensors continues to mature, methods to incorporate device specificity and to detect targets from complex solutions will enable the translation of these platforms from laboratory prototypes to real-world implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Castle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daena A. Schuh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erin E. Reynolds
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ariel L. Furst
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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12
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Wu E, Yi J, Liu B, Qiao L. Assessment of bacterial viability by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Talanta 2021; 233:122535. [PMID: 34215038 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection poses a serious threat to human health worldwide. Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is essential for the clinical treatment of bacterial infection patients. However, the traditional AST relies on bacteria culture, which is time-consuming and limits the analysis to culturable species. Herein, we present a laser desorption ionization (LDI) mass spectrometry-based method for rapid bacterial viability assessment and AST by tracing the redox of resazurin (RS) by viable bacteria. RS as well as its reduction product, fluorescent resorufin (RF), can be directly detected by LDI-MS in the absence of matrix. The intensity ratio between RF and RS can be used to assess the viability of bacteria in specimens. We have demonstrated the high efficiency of the method using different bacterial species, including K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, and various antibiotic drugs, such as ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Compared to traditional methods based on optical absorption, the current method is faster and more sensitive. Furthermore, we applied the method to bacterial viability detection and AST using human body fluid samples, i.e. serum and urine, demonstrating that it can screen rapidly appropriate antibiotic drugs for timely clinical treatment of infectious diseases. With the advantages of simplicity in methodology as well as sensitivity and speed in analysis, the current method holds the potential of clinical usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, And Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jia Yi
- Department of Chemistry, And Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, And Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, And Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China.
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13
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Miran W, Naradasu D, Okamoto A. Pathogens electrogenicity as a tool for in-situ metabolic activity monitoring and drug assessment in biofilms. iScience 2021; 24:102068. [PMID: 33554070 PMCID: PMC7859304 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns regarding increased antibiotic resistance arising from the emergent properties of biofilms have spurred interest in the discovery of novel antibiotic agents and techniques to directly estimate metabolic activity in biofilms. Although a number of methods have been developed to quantify biofilm formation, real-time quantitative assessment of metabolic activity in label-free biofilms remains a challenge. Production of electrical current via extracellular electron transport (EET) has recently been found in pathogens and appears to correlate with their metabolic activity. Accordingly, monitoring the production of electrical currents as an indicator of cellular metabolic activity in biofilms represents a new direction for research aiming to assess and screen the effects of antimicrobials on biofilm activity. In this article, we reviewed EET-capable pathogens and the methods to monitor biofilm activity to discuss advantages of using the capability of pathogens to produce electrical currents and effective combination of these methods. Moreover, we discussed EET mechanisms by pathogenic and environmental bacteria and open questions for the physiological roles of EET in pathogen's biofilm. The present limitations and possible future directions of in situ biofilm metabolic activity assessment for large-scale screening of antimicrobials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Miran
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Divya Naradasu
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Akihiro Okamoto
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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Hierarchically grown ZnFe2O4-decorated polyaniline-coupled-graphene nanosheets as a novel electrocatalyst for selective detecting p-nitrophenol. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Wei W, Hu H, Chen L, Yan Z, Fan X, Wang J, Xu Y, Xie J. Size-controllable synthesis of zinc ferrite/reduced graphene oxide aerogels: efficient electrochemical sensing of p-nitrophenol. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:435706. [PMID: 32559756 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9e91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a nonaqueous method for the synthesis of size-controlled highly crystalline zinc ferrite/reduced graphene oxide (ZFO/rGO) aerogel was provided by using benzyl alcohol as the medium. In our findings, benzyl alcohol was introduced not only as the solvent, but the structure-directing agent and strong reducing agent during the nucleation and growth of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs). The characterization analysis indicated that ZnFe2O4 NPs were immobilized on the multilayer rGO with a controllable size of 12 nm. Moreover, the 3D ZFO/rGO aerogel shows excellent electrochemical property as a facile electrochemical sensor for the detection of p-nitrophenol (p-NP). The ZFO/rGO electrochemical sensing offers the advantages of wide linear range (1-500 μmol l-1), excellent sensitivity (23.985 mA mM-1 cm-2), good stability and selectivity (<8.8%). In addition, the possible reaction mechanism of 3D ZFO/rGO aerogel was explained during the detection process under acidic condition. Significantly, our results not only provided insight into the possible reaction mechanism of 3D ZFO/rGO nanocomposite, but proposed the way for the synthesis of highly crystalline materials through a benzyl alcohol-mediated method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Analysis and Test, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China. Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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16
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Ipte PR, Satpati AK. Probing the interaction of ciprofloxacin and E. coli by electrochemistry, spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Biophys Chem 2020; 266:106456. [PMID: 32835912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Under the present investigation, effect of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on Escherichia coli has been investigated using electrochemical, spectroscopic and atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements. Investigation reveals the interaction pattern of CIP with E. coli. The CIP essentially interacts with the outer membrane protein F (OmpF), the formation constant of the complex forms between CIP and the OmpF active sites over E. coli is obtained as log Kf of 12.1. Spectroscopic measurements are carried out, which supports the electrochemical measurements on the interaction between CIP and E. coli, at a higher concentration, CIP induces lysis of the E. coli cell membrane. Spectroscopic investigations further reveals that the FeS containing proteins present inside the E. coli cells released out through the ruptured cell membrane of E. coli. Different degrees of detrimental effects on E. coli has been observed when exposed to different concentrations of the drugs. The microscopic images obtained from the AFM scans of E. coli in presence of CIP shows deformation of the E. coli cell wall and its rupture with increasing concentrations of CIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka R Ipte
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Satpati
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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17
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Parlak O, Richter-Dahlfors A. Bacterial Sensing and Biofilm Monitoring for Infection Diagnostics. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000129. [PMID: 32588553 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent insights into the rapidly emerging field of bacterial sensing and biofilm monitoring for infection diagnostics are discussed as well as recent key developments and emerging technologies in the field. Electrochemical sensing of bacteria and bacterial biofilm via synthetic, natural, and engineered recognition, as well as direct redox-sensing approaches via algorithm-based optical sensing, and tailor-made optotracing technology are discussed. These technologies are highlighted to answer the very critical question: "how can fast and accurate bacterial sensing and biofilm monitoring be achieved? Following on from that: "how can these different sensing concepts be translated for use in infection diagnostics? A central obstacle to this transformation is the absence of direct and fast analysis methods that provide high-throughput results and bio-interfaces that can control and regulate the means of communication between biological and electronic systems. Here, the overall progress made to date in building such translational efforts at the level of an individual bacterial cell to a bacterial community is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Parlak
- AIMES-Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Science, Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Agneta Richter-Dahlfors
- AIMES-Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Science, Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden.,Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
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18
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Haque AMJ, Nandhakumar P, Kim G, Park S, Yu B, Lee NS, Yoon YH, Jon S, Yang H. Diaphorase-Catalyzed Formation of a Formazan Precipitate and Its Electrodissolution for Sensitive Affinity Biosensors. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3932-3939. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Al-Monsur Jiaul Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ponnusamy Nandhakumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Gyeongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seonhwa Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Byeongjun Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | | | | | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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19
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Nagar B, Jović M, Bassetto VC, Zhu Y, Pick H, Gómez‐Romero P, Merkoçi A, Girault HH, Lesch A. Highly Loaded Mildly Edge‐Oxidized Graphene Nanosheet Dispersions for Large‐Scale Inkjet Printing of Electrochemical Sensors. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Nagar
- Novel Energy Oriented Materials Group Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Nanobioelectronics and Biosensors Group Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys, 23 Barcelona 08010 Spain
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Valais Wallis Rue de l'Industrie 17 1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Milica Jović
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Valais Wallis Rue de l'Industrie 17 1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Victor Costa Bassetto
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Valais Wallis Rue de l'Industrie 17 1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Yingdi Zhu
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Valais Wallis Rue de l'Industrie 17 1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Horst Pick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) EPFL Station 15 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Pedro Gómez‐Romero
- Novel Energy Oriented Materials Group Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics and Biosensors Group Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2)CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB, Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys, 23 Barcelona 08010 Spain
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Valais Wallis Rue de l'Industrie 17 1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”University of Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
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20
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Jiang X, Liu S, Yang M, Rasooly A. Amperometric genosensor for culture independent bacterial count. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2019; 299:10.1016/j.snb.2019.126944. [PMID: 32009738 PMCID: PMC6993526 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.126944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial plate count for general assessment of water quality requires lengthy bacterial culturing. We report here a new DNA induced current genosensor for culture independent total bacteria determination. Since the amount of bacterial DNA is correlated to the number of bacteria, the genosensor measures the amount of bacterial DNA to determine bacterial count. The approach relies on bacteria lysis to release DNA which can react with molybdate to form redox molybdophosphate and measured electrochemically. Analysis of E. coli and S. aureus demonstrated that the DNA generated current is highly correlated with the level of bacteria lysis which was confirmed by spectrometric measurement. Culture independent measurement of S. aureus bacterial load suggests limit of detection is 21.9 CFU/mL, with linear range from 3×102 to 3×107 CFU/mL and correlation coefficient of 0.992. For E. coli analysis, the detection limit is 25.1 CFU/mL with the same linear range. The use of electrochemical microbial DNA quantitation for culture independent bacterial count is a new approach, the genosensor measurement is rapid (within 1 h) and has potential use for analysis of broad-spectrum bacteria for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China, 410083
| | - Shuping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China, 410083
| | - Minghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China, 410083
- Corresponding Authors: (M. Yang) (A. Rasooly)
| | - Avraham Rasooly
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
- Corresponding Authors: (M. Yang) (A. Rasooly)
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21
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Zhang YJ, Chen S, Yu YL, Wang JH. A miniaturized photoacoustic device with laptop readout for point-of-care testing of blood glucose. Talanta 2019; 209:120527. [PMID: 31892079 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) effect has been widely applied in many fields, e.g., physics, chemistry and biomedicine. Herein, a miniaturized PA device is developed by integrating laser source, photo chopper, PA cell, microphone, and laptop for point-of-care testing in bioassay. With glucose assay as model, a piece of paper strip preloading chitosan, starch-potassium iodide (KI) and glucose oxidase (GOD) as lab-on-paper is employed for loading sample prior to PA detection. In the presence of glucose, the product generated on the paper strip would give rise to a strong PA signal in the PA cell under the irradiation of frequency-modulated laser at 520 nm via laptop readout. With a sample volume of 20 μL, a detection limit of 0.03 mM is obtained for glucose assay, along with a linear range of 0.08-1 mM. The accuracy and practicability of the present PA device is well demonstrated by detecting glucose in whole blood. Differing from the conventional PA instrument, the present PA device is really small in bulk with competitive sensitivity and excellent stability, offering a promising tool for point-of-care testing in bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
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22
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Ishiki K, Shiigi H. Kinetics of Intracellular Electron Generation in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14401-14406. [PMID: 31631651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Efficient utilization of bacterial bioresources requires quantitative evaluation of metabolic activity in living bacterial cells. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 transfers electrons generated within the cell to the extracellular environment via the cytochrome complex in the inner/outer membranes and is one of the most useful bacteria for the recovery of metals, treatment of wastewater, and preparation of microbial fuel cells. Here, we performed a quantitative evaluation of electron generation based on individual enzyme reactions in S. oneidensis MR-1. By using potentiometric measurements, we have examined intracellular electron generation in bacterial suspensions of S. oneidensis supplemented with different carbon sources (formate, lactate, pyruvate, or acetyl coenzyme A) or ferricyanide, which was almost completely reduced to ferrocyanide during the incubation without affecting bacterial cell viability. The amount of electron generation strongly depended on the nature of the carbon source. Analysis of the obtained kinetic parameters of intracellular electron generation demonstrated that formate was the most effective carbon source, as it enabled 2.5-fold faster electron generation rate than other sources. We established that the respective contributions of lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase/pyruvate-formate-lyase, and tricarboxylic acid cycle to lactate metabolism were 62%, 31%, and 7.4%, correspondingly. Furthermore, we clarified that electrons may be generated at 1.6 × 10-12 A s-1 by ideal metabolism in a single living cell. These findings establish the basis for biological strategies of electron production and facilitate the utilization of S. oneidensis as a bioresource in practical applications, including energy production, environmental purification, and recovery of useful materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Ishiki
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-2 Gakuen, Naka , Sakai , Osaka 599-8570 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiigi
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Osaka Prefecture University , 1-2 Gakuen, Naka , Sakai , Osaka 599-8570 , Japan
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23
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Li Y, Liu H, Huang H, Deng J, Fang L, Luo J, Zhang S, Huang J, Liang W, Zheng J. A sensitive electrochemical strategy via multiple amplification reactions for the detection of E. coli O157: H7. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 147:111752. [PMID: 31630033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The sensitive and efficient strategy remains a central challenge for early diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria. Herein, an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor was proposed based on the multiple amplification strategy via the 3D DNA walker, rolling circle amplification (RCA) and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for the accurate detection of Escherichiacoli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7). Firstly, the target sequence extracted from E. coli O157:H7 was transformed and amplified by the DNA walker firstly. Subsequently, a large number of transformed nucleic acid sequences were amplified by the RCA reaction. And then, the progress of HCR was triggered by every fragment in RCA products to form a long double-stranded DNA sequence to immobilize electrochemical indicators, generating a significantly enhanced electrochemical signal. As expected, a high sensitivity with a detection limit of 7 CFU/mL was achieved based on the proposed multiple amplification strategy, which is superior to most current methods for E. coli O157: H7 assay. The multiple amplification strategy could be readily expanded for the detection of various pathogenic bacteria, providing a new approach for early diagnosis of pathogenic microorganisms or other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huamin Liu
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lichao Fang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenbin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Junsong Zheng
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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