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Crucello J, de Oliveira AM, Sampaio NMFM, Hantao LW. Miniaturized systems for gas chromatography: Developments in sample preparation and instrumentation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Platonov V, Sharma P, Ledyaev M, Anikina MA, Djuzhev NA, Chinenkov MY, Tripathi N, Parveen S, Ahmad R, Pavelyev V, Melaibari AA. Realization of Microfluidic Preconcentrator for N-Pentane Traces Impurities from the Gaseous Media. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8090. [PMID: 36431577 PMCID: PMC9696541 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the work of designing and fabricating a new generation of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based microfluidic preconcentrators (MFP) for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) quantification. The main objective of this work is to quantify the n-pentane impurities using MFP for sample preparation. The MFP was analyzed using Hewlett-Packard 5890 gas chromatography, having a flame ionization detector under isothermal conditions. The proposed MFP system includes two-microfluidic preconcentrators for continuous action and a system of four 3/2 solenoid valves with a control unit. Microfluidic preconcentrators were placed on metal plates and have circular channels filled with Al2O3 (50 μm), n-octane ResSil-C (80/100 mesh) sorbents of one nature and are hyphenated with the Peltier elements to regulate the temperature of sorption and desorption. The n-pentane quantitative determination was carried out using a calibration plot of gas mixtures on a successive dilution with the nitrogen. This study shows that the microfluidic preconcentrator system with Al2O3 and n-Octane ResSil-C sorbent concentrates the n-pentane traces up to 41 to 47 times from the gas mixture with the standard deviation of ≤5%. It has been observed that the n-octane ResSil-C based MFC shows very fast response (<5 min) and stability up to 300 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Platonov
- Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, 443086 Samara, Russia
| | - Prachi Sharma
- Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, 443086 Samara, Russia
- School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Mikhail Ledyaev
- Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, 443086 Samara, Russia
| | - Maria A. Anikina
- Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, 443086 Samara, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of the Department of Gas Processing, Hydrogen and Special Technologies, Samara State Technical University, 443100 Samara, Russia
| | | | | | - Nishant Tripathi
- Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, 443086 Samara, Russia
| | - Sania Parveen
- Central Instrumentation Facility, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Vladimir Pavelyev
- Samara National Research University, 34, Moskovskoye Shosse, 443086 Samara, Russia
| | - Ammar A. Melaibari
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddha 22254, Saudi Arabia
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Integration of a Micropreconcentrator with Solid-phase Microextraction for Analysis of Trace Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Barik P, Pradhan M. Selectivity in trace gas sensing: recent developments, challenges, and future perspectives. Analyst 2022; 147:1024-1054. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02070f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Selectivity is one of the most crucial figures of merit in trace gas sensing, and thus a comprehensive assessment is necessary to have a clear picture of sensitivity, selectivity, and their interrelations in terms of quantitative and qualitative views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspendu Barik
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
| | - Manik Pradhan
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata – 700106, India
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Xu Y, Huang T, Meng M, Yan Y. Fluorescent polydopamine based molecularly imprinted sensor for ultrafast and selective detection of p-nitrophenol in drinking water. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 189:25. [PMID: 34897555 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A highly effective fluorescent molecularly imprinted sensor (F-PDA-MIS) based on fluorescent polydopamine (F-PDA) was successfully synthesized for selective and ultrafast detection of p-nitrophenol (P-NP) in drinking water. F-PDA with abundant surface functional groups has been artfully modified to firstly serve as both fluorescent monomer and functional monomer in the synthesis of a uniform luminous F-PDA-MIS, which can greatly improve the detection efficiency. As expected, F-PDA-MIS had an obvious emission wavelength of 535 nm with the optimal excitation wavelength at 400 nm. Specially, F-PDA-MIS could detect P-NP in the range 100 to 1100 nM with much lower detection limit of 24.2 nM within 120 s compared with other conventional imprinted fluorescent sensors based on pure quantum dots (QDs) or dyes. This excellent test phenomenon is mainly ascribed to the rapid electron transfer between F-PDA and P-NP. Satisfactory recovery of 98.0-104% for mineral water and 98.6-106% for boiling water were obtained with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.7-3.4% and 2.6-3.5% respectively. The detection reliability of F-PDA-MIS was verified by the comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). Consequently, F-PDA as a fluorescence functional monomer has been shown to be a possible strategy to effectively improve the detection limit and shorten response time of the target determination in water..
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Xu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Minjia Meng
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Yongsheng Yan
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Advanced Chemical Engineering Laboratory of Green Materials and Energy of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Built-in Chamber-Coupled Electronic Pressure Control of Ambient Air as the Carrier Gas for a Cylinder-Free Portable Gas Chromatograph. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wei-Hao Li M, Ghosh A, Venkatasubramanian A, Sharma R, Huang X, Fan X. High-Sensitivity Micro-Gas Chromatograph-Photoionization Detector for Trace Vapor Detection. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2348-2355. [PMID: 34028248 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid in situ detection and analysis of trace vapor concentrations at a sub-parts per billion to parts per trillion level remains a challenge for many applications such as indoor air-quality analysis and detection of explosives and narcotics. Micro-gas chromatography (μGC) together with a micro-photoionization detector (μPID) is a prominent method for portable analysis of complex vapor mixtures, but current μPID technology demonstrates poor detection performance compared to benchtop flame ionization detectors (FIDs). This work demonstrates the development of a significantly improved μPID with a sub-picogram detection limit (as low as ∼0.2 pg) comparable to or exceeding that of a benchtop FID, with a large linear dynamic range (>4 orders of magnitude) and robustness (high stability over 200 h of plasma activation). Based on this μPID, a complete μGC-PID system was built and tested on standard sample chromatograms in a laboratory setting to show the system's analytical capabilities and the detection limit down to sub-parts per trillion concentrations (as low as 0.14 ppt). Practical in-field chromatograms on breath and car exhaust were also generated to demonstrate applicability for in situ experimentation. This work shows that μGC-PID systems can be competitive with traditional GC-FID methods and thus opens a door to rapid trace vapor analysis in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Wei-Hao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Abhishek Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Anandram Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xiaolu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems (WIMS2), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Characterizing the Performance of a Compact BTEX GC-PID for Near-Real Time Analysis and Field Deployment. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21062095. [PMID: 33802681 PMCID: PMC8002566 DOI: 10.3390/s21062095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we test the performance of a compact gas chromatograph with photoionization detector (GC-PID) and optimize the configuration to detect ambient (sub-ppb) levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (BTEX). The GC-PID system was designed to serve as a relatively inexpensive (~10 k USD) and field-deployable air toxic screening tool alternative to conventional benchtop GCs. The instrument uses ambient air as a carrier gas and consists of a Tenax-GR sorbent-based preconcentrator, a gas sample valve, two capillary columns, and a photoionization detector (PID) with a small footprint and low power requirement. The performance of the GC-PID has been evaluated in terms of system linearity and sensitivity in field conditions. The BTEX-GC system demonstrated the capacity to detect BTEX at levels as high as 500 ppb with a linear calibration range of 0–100 ppb. A detection limit lower than 1 ppb was found for all BTEX compounds with a sampling volume of 1 L. No significant drift in the instrument was observed. A time-varying calibration technique was established that requires minimal equipment for field operations and optimizes the sampling procedure for field measurements. With an analysis time of less than 15 min, the compact GC-PID is ideal for field deployment of background and polluted atmospheres for near-real time measurements of BTEX. The results highlight the application of the compact and easily deployable GC-PID for community monitoring and screening of air toxics.
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van den Broek J, Weber IC, Güntner AT, Pratsinis SE. Highly selective gas sensing enabled by filters. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:661-684. [PMID: 34821311 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Portable and inexpensive gas sensors are essential for the next generation of non-invasive medical diagnostics, smart air quality monitoring & control, human search & rescue and food quality assessment to name a few of their immediate applications. Therein, analyte selectivity in complex gas mixtures like breath or indoor air remains the major challenge. Filters are an effective and versatile, though often unrecognized, route to overcome selectivity issues by exploiting additional properties of target analytes (e.g., molecular size and surface affinity) besides reactivity with the sensing material. This review provides a tutorial for the material engineering of sorption, size-selective and catalytic filters. Of specific interest are high surface area sorbents (e.g., activated carbon, silica gels and porous polymers) with tunable properties, microporous materials (e.g., zeolites and metal-organic frameworks) and heterogeneous catalysts, respectively. Emphasis is placed on material design for targeted gas separation, portable device integration and performance. Finally, research frontiers and opportunities for low-cost gas sensing systems in emerging applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan van den Broek
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Energy & Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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A portable gas chromatograph for real-time monitoring of aromatic volatile organic compounds in air samples. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Li MWH, Huang X, Zhu H, Kurabayashi K, Fan X. Microfabricated ionic liquid column for separations in dry air. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:461002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lara-Lbeas I, Rodríguez-Cuevas A, Andrikopoulou C, Person V, Baldas L, Colin S, Le Calvé S. Sub-ppb Level Detection of BTEX Gaseous Mixtures with a Compact Prototype GC Equipped with a Preconcentration Unit. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E187. [PMID: 30871284 PMCID: PMC6470503 DOI: 10.3390/mi10030187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a compact gas chromatograph prototype for near real-time benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) detection at sub-ppb levels has been developed. The system is composed of an aluminium preconcentrator (PC) filled with Basolite C300, a 20 m long Rxi-624 capillary column and a photoionization detector. The performance of the device has been evaluated in terms of adsorption capacity, linearity and sensitivity. Initially, PC breakthrough time for an equimolar 1 ppm BTEX mixture has been determined showing a remarkable capacity of the adsorbent to quantitatively trap BTEX even at high concentrations. Then, a highly linear relationship between sample volume and peak area has been obtained for all compounds by injecting 100-ppb samples with volumes ranging from 5⁻80 mL. Linear plots were also observed when calibration was conducted in the range 0⁻100 ppb using a 20 mL sampling volume implying a total analysis time of 19 min. Corresponding detection limits of 0.20, 0.26, 0.49, 0.80 and 1.70 ppb have been determined for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylenes and o-xylene, respectively. These experimental results highlight the potential applications of our device to monitor indoor or outdoor air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Lara-Lbeas
- ICPEES UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Université de Toulouse/CNRS, INSA, ISAE-SUPAERO, Mines-Albi, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | - Vincent Person
- In'Air Solutions, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Lucien Baldas
- Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Université de Toulouse/CNRS, INSA, ISAE-SUPAERO, Mines-Albi, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Stéphane Colin
- Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Université de Toulouse/CNRS, INSA, ISAE-SUPAERO, Mines-Albi, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Stéphane Le Calvé
- ICPEES UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
- In'Air Solutions, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
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