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Fan Z, Ran Q, Li Y, Xu X, Zheng L, Liu X, Jia K. Surface segregation of rigid polyarylene ether amidoxime on polyurethane nanofiber into hierarchical membranes as substrate of flexible SERS nanosensor for sulfamethoxazole detection. Talanta 2024; 276:126166. [PMID: 38714011 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrospun polymeric nanofibrous membranes are emerging as the promising substrates for preparation of flexible SERS nanosensors due to their intrinsic nanoscale surface roughness, easy scalability as well as rich surface reactivity. Although the nanofiber membranes prepared from high performance thermoplastics exhibit good mechanical stability, the SERS nanosensors based on these substrates normally have lower signal-to-noise ratio because of the interference from background Raman signals of aromatic moieties. Herein, we synthesized an optically transparent polyurethane (PU) and rigid polyarylene ether amidoxime (PEA), which were electrospun into core-shell nanofibers membranes with a "beads-on-web" morphology. Furthermore, the PU-PEA membranes were coated with ultra-thin silver layer and thermally annealed to prepare the flexible SERS nanosensor without any background noises. In addition, the Raman enhancement of SERS nanosensor can be readily improved by tuning of PU-PEA composition, silver thickness as well as thermal annealing temperature. Finally, the optimized SERS nanosensor enables label-free detection of sulfamethoxazole as low as 0.1 nM with a good reproducibility and detection performance in real water sample. Meanwhile, the optimized SERS nanosensor shows long term anti-biofouling capacity. Thanks to its facile fabrication, competitive analytical performance and resistance to biofouling, the current work basically open new way for design of flexible SERS nanosensors for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Fan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Qimeng Ran
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Institute of Life Science, eBond Pharmaceutical Technology Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Novel CN Polymeric Materials, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Jia
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Novel CN Polymeric Materials, Chengdu, China.
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Guo ZY, Zhang C, Chen LM, Zeng MH, Yao QH, Ye TX, Luo HZ, Chen XM, Chen X. Design of competition nanoreactor with shell-isolated colloidal plasmonic nanomaterials for quantitative sensor platform. Talanta 2023; 265:124861. [PMID: 37429252 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Shell-isolated colloid plasmonic nanomaterials-based nanoreactor is a well-established platform widely applied in catalyst or Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) sensors. The potentials versatility of nanoreactor platform is mainly implemented by the well-defined and tailorable structure of colloid plasmonic nanomaterials. Currently, a competitive conjugative-mediated nanoreactor is introduced to determine glucose with SERS. Glucose-conjugating nanoreactor, as convertors of the sensors, are constructed by coordinated deposition colloidal gold nanoparticles with sodium nitroprusside framework (Au@SNF) and covalently bonded 4-mercaptopyridine (4-Mpy) with self-assembly strategy. The nanoreactor contained the signal-amplifier Au@SNF NPs, conjugative-mediated signal receiver 4-Mpy, and signal internal standard molecular CN-. In addition to well-defined morphology and functionality, conjugative-mediated and internal standards method are also employed to benefit the nanoreactor. The two-parameter strategy significantly improves the signal indication and correction. Using this proposed platform, the competitive-mediated nanoreactor provides a quantitative SERS detection of glucose, and extends the applicability of SERS in more complicated and reproducibility analysis. Meanwhile, the nanoreactor based sensors also exhibited better properties to detect glucose in various food samples and bio-samples which provided strongly appliance for glucose sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Guo
- Institute of Analytical Technology and Smart Instruments and Colleague of Environment and Public Healthy, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, 361024, China; Xiamen Environmental Monitoring Engineering Technology Research Center, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Analytical Technology and Smart Instruments and Colleague of Environment and Public Healthy, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, 361024, China; Xiamen Environmental Monitoring Engineering Technology Research Center, China
| | - Lin-Min Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Mei-Huang Zeng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Yao
- Institute of Analytical Technology and Smart Instruments and Colleague of Environment and Public Healthy, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Ting-Xiu Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medicine College, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - He-Zhou Luo
- SEPL Quality Inspection Technology Service Co., Ltd., Fujian, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Menachekanian S, Voegtle MJ, Warburton RE, Hammes-Schiffer S, Dawlaty JM. Inductive Effect Alone Cannot Explain Lewis Adduct Formation and Dissociation at Electrode Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5759-5768. [PMID: 36862607 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding breaking and formation of Lewis bonds at an electrified interface is relevant to a large range of phenomena, including electrocatalysis and electroadsorption. The complexities of interfacial environments and associated reactions often impede a systematic understanding of this type of bond at interfaces. To address this challenge, we report the creation of a main group classic Lewis acid-base adduct on an electrode surface and its behavior under varying electrode potentials. The Lewis base is a self-assembled monolayer of mercaptopyridine and the Lewis acid is BF3, forming a Lewis bond between nitrogen and boron. The bond is stable at positive potentials but cleaves at potentials more negative of approximately -0.3 V vs Ag/AgCl without an associated current. We also show that if the Lewis acid BF3 is supplied from a reservoir of Li+BF4- electrolyte, the cleavage is completely reversible. We propose that the N-B Lewis bond is affected both by the field-induced intramolecular polarization (electroinduction) and by the ionic structures and ionic equilibria near the electrode. Our results indicate that the second effect is responsible for the Lewis bond cleavage at negative potentials. This work is relevant to understanding the fundamentals of electrocatalytic and electroadsorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevan Menachekanian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Matthew J Voegtle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | | | - Jahan M Dawlaty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Wattanavichean N, Nimittrakoolchai OU, Nuntawong N, Horprathum M, Eiamchai P, Limwichean S, Somboonsaksri P, Sreta D, Meesuwan S. A novel portable Raman scattering platform for antibiotic screening in pig urine. Vet World 2023; 16:204-214. [PMID: 36855369 PMCID: PMC9967727 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.204-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Public health and food safety are gaining attention globally. Consumer health can be protected from chemical residues in meat by early detection or screening for antibiotic residues before selling the meat commercially. However, conventional practices are normally applied after slaughtering, which leads to massive business losses. This study aimed to use portable surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) equipped with multivariate curve resolution-alternation least squares (MCR-ALS) to determine the concentrations of enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and neomycin concentrations. This approach can overcome the problems of business loss, costs, and time-consumption, and limit of detection (LOD). Materials and Methods Aqueous solutions of three standard antibiotics (enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and neomycin) with different concentrations were prepared, and the LOD for each antibiotic solution was determined using SERS. Extracted pig urine was spiked with enrofloxacin at concentrations of 10, 20, 50, 100, and 10,000 ppm. These solutions were investigated using SERS and MCR-ALS analysis. Urine samples from pigs at 1 and 7 days after enrofloxacin administration were collected and investigated using SERS and MCR-ALS to differentiate the urinary enrofloxacin concentrations. Results The LOD of enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and neomycin in aqueous solutions were 0.5, 2.0, and 100 ppm, respectively. Analysis of enrofloxacin spiking in pig urine samples demonstrated the different concentrations of enrofloxacin at 10, 20, 50, 100, and 10,000 ppm. The LOD of spiking enrofloxacin was 10 ppm, which was 10 times lower than the regulated value. This technique was validated for the first time using urine collected on days 1 and 7 after enrofloxacin administration. The results revealed a higher concentration of enrofloxacin on day 7 than on day 1 due to consecutive administrations. The observed concentration of enrofloxacin was closely correlated with its circulation time and metabolism in pigs. Conclusion A combination of SERS sensing platform and MCR-ALS is a promising technique for on-farming screening. This platform can increase the efficiency of antibiotic detection in pig urine at lower costs and time. Expansion and fine adjustments of the Raman dataset may be required for individual farms to achieve higher sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nungnit Wattanavichean
- School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - On-uma Nimittrakoolchai
- School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand,SCI Innovatech Co., Ltd., Bangkhasor, Amphur Mueang, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Noppadon Nuntawong
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Mati Horprathum
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pitak Eiamchai
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Saksorn Limwichean
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pacharamon Somboonsaksri
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Donruethai Sreta
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Sriracha, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Meesuwan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Sriracha, Chonburi, Thailand,Corresponding author: Sirilak Meesuwan, e-mail: Co-authors: NW: , ON: , NN: , MH: , PE: , SL: , PS: , DS:
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Li X, Wang X, Liu J, Dai M, Zhang Q, Li Y, Huang JA. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection of organic molecules and in situ monitoring of organic reactions by ion-induced silver nanoparticle clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2826-2831. [PMID: 35043815 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04857k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) finds wide applications in the field of organic molecule detection. However, reliable SERS detection of organic molecules and in situ monitoring of organic reactions under natural conditions by metal colloids are still challenging due to the formation of unstable nanoparticle clusters in solution and the low solubility of the organic molecules. Here, we approach the problems by introducing calcium ions to aggregate silver nanoparticles to form stable hot spots and acetone to promote uniform distribution of organic molecules on the nanoparticle surface. Significantly, our method exhibits stable SERS detection of up to 6 types of organic molecules in liquid. With acetone signals as an internal standard, we are able to determine molecule concentrations as well as monitor 3 kinds of organic reactions in situ. Our method shows potential for biomedical analysis, environmental analysis, and organic catalysis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, No. 2708, South Section of Huaxi Avenue, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Health Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Health Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Miaomiao Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, No. 2708, South Section of Huaxi Avenue, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Qianjun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, No. 2708, South Section of Huaxi Avenue, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Yang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, No. 2708, South Section of Huaxi Avenue, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China. .,College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157, Health Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 2125B, Aapistie 5A, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Lu W, Fu YV, Zhou Z. Blood identification at the single-cell level based on a combination of laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy and machine learning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7568-7581. [PMID: 35003853 PMCID: PMC8713663 DOI: 10.1364/boe.445149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) combines optical tweezers technology and Raman spectroscopy to obtain biomolecular compositional information from a single cell without invasion or destruction, so it can be used to "fingerprint" substances to characterize numerous types of biological cell samples. In the current study, LTRS was combined with two machine learning algorithms, principal component analysis (PCA)-linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest, to achieve high-precision multi-species blood classification at the single-cell level. The accuracies of the two classification models were 96.60% and 96.84%, respectively. Meanwhile, compared with PCA-LDA and other classification algorithms, the random forest algorithm is proved to have significant advantages, which can directly explain the importance of spectral features at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instruments, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instruments, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Weilai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Vincent Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhehai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instruments, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
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7
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Bi H, Jing C, Hasch P, Gong Y, Gerster D, Barth JV, Reichert J. Single Molecules in Strong Optical Fields: A Variable-Temperature Molecular Junction Spectroscopy Setup. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9853-9859. [PMID: 34229433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to advance the development of molecular electronic devices, it is mandatory to improve the understanding of electron transport and functionalities in single molecules, integrated in a well-defined environment. However, limited information can be obtained by solely analyzing I-V characteristics, whence multiparameter studies are required to obtain more information on such systems including chemical bonds, geometry, and intramolecular strain. Therefore, we developed an analytical method incorporating an optical near-field technique, which allows us to investigate single-molecule junctions at variable temperatures in strong optical fields. An apertureless near-field emitter acts as a counter electrode and a plasmonic waveguide to focus surface plasmon polaritons into the molecular junctions, where a strongly enhanced evanescent field is confined to only a few nanometers around the apex of the tip. The proof of concept, even at low temperatures, is demonstrated by simultaneously investigating electronic and optical features of the molecule p-terphenyl-4,4″-dithiol in dependence of its charge state. This multichannel method can be employed to analyze a variety of nearly unexplored properties in single-molecule junctions such as photoconductance and photocurrent generation and allows a characterization of the molecular junctions by spectroscopic means as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bi
- Physics-Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Chao Jing
- Physics-Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Hydrogen Technique, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, 201800 Shanghai, China.,School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Hasch
- Physics-Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yuxiang Gong
- Physics-Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Daniel Gerster
- Physics-Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics-Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physics-Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Wang S, Sun B, Feng J, An F, Li N, Wang H, Tian M. Development of affinity between target analytes and substrates in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for environmental pollutant detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5657-5670. [PMID: 33226038 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01760d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has long been a social concern due to the variety of pollutants and their wide distribution, persistence and being detrimental to health. It is therefore necessary to develop rapid and sensitive strategies to trace and detect these compounds. Among various detection methodologies, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become an attractive option as it enables accurate analyte identification, simple sample preparation, rapid detection and ultra-high sensitivity without any interference from water. For SERS detection, an essential yet challenging step is the effective capture of target analytes onto the surface of metal nanostructures with a high intensity of enhanced electromagnetic field. This review has systematically summarized recent advances in developing affinity between targets and the surface of SERS substrates via direct adsorption, hydrophobic functional groups, boronate affinity, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), DNA aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). At the end of this review, technical limitations and outlook have been provided, with suggestions on optimizing SERS techniques for real-world applications in environmental pollutant detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei An
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haozhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals, SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingwei Tian
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
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9
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She Z, Yao Z, Ménard H, Tobish S, Lahaye D, Champness NR, Buck M. Coordination controlled electrodeposition and patterning of layers of palladium/copper nanoparticles on top of a self-assembled monolayer. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13773-13782. [PMID: 31305824 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A scheme for the generation of bimetallic nanoparticles is presented which combines electrodeposition of one type of metal, coordinated to a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), with another metal deposited from the bulk electrolyte. In this way PdCu nanoparticles are generated by initial complexation of Pd2+ to a SAM of 3-(4-(pyridine-4-yl)phenyl)propane-1-thiol (PyP3) on Au/mica and subsequent reduction in an acidic aqueous CuSO4 electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that the onset of Cu deposition is triggered by Pd reduction. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) shows that layers of connected particles are formed with an average thickness of less than 3 nm and lateral dimensions of particles in the range of 2 to 5 nm. In X-ray photoelectron spectra a range of binding energies for the Pd 3d signal is observed whereas the Cu 2p signal appears at a single binding energy, even though chemically different Cu species are present: normal and more noble Cu. Up to three components are seen in the N 1s signal, one originating from protonated pyridine moieties, the others reflecting the SAM-metal interaction. It is suggested that the coordination controlled electrodeposition yields layers of particles composed of a Pd core and a Cu shell with a transition region of a PdCu alloy. Deposited on top of the PyP3 SAM, the PdCu particles exhibit weak adhesion which is exploited for patterning by selective removal of particles employing scanning probe techniques. The potential for patterning down to the sub-10 nm scale is demonstrated. Harnessing the deposition contrast between native and PdCu loaded PyP3 SAMs, structures thus created can be developed into patterned continuous layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe She
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Zhen Yao
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Hervé Ménard
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Sven Tobish
- Drochaid Research Services, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Dorothée Lahaye
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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