1
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Li T, Li Y, Chen H, Li J, Liu Y, Tan W. Engineering a Dual-Receptor Targeted Multivalent Probe for Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Metastatic Cancer. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4394-4401. [PMID: 38451935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Noninvasive monitoring of cancer metastasis is essential to improving clinical outcomes. Molecular MRI (mMRI) is a special implementation of noninvasive molecular imaging that promises to offer a powerful means for early detection and analysis of pathological states of cancer by tracking molecular markers. However, this is often hindered by the challenging issue of obtaining transformable mMRI contrast agents with high sensitivity, specificity, and broad applicability, given the high tumor heterogeneity and complex metastatic features. Herein, we present a dual-receptor targeted, multivalent recognition strategy and report a new class of mMRI probes for enhanced imaging of metastatic cancer. This probe is designed by covalently conjugating Gd-chelate with phenylboronic acid and an aptamer via an affordable polymerization chemistry to concurrently target two different cell-membrane receptors that are commonly overexpressed and highly implicated in both tumorigenesis and metastasis. Moreover, the polymerization chemistry allows the probe to contain a bunch of targeting ligands and signal reporters in a single chain, which not only leads to more than 2-fold enhancement in T1 relaxivity at 1.5 T compared to the commercial contrast agent but also enables it to actively target tumor cells in a multivalent recognition manner, contributing to a much higher imaging contrast than single-receptor targeted probes and the commercial agent in mouse models with lung metastases, yet without inducing systemic side effects. We expect this study to offer a useful molecular tool to promote transformable applications of mMRI and a better understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yazhou Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Jili Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yanlan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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Huang Y, Cao X, Deng Y, Ji X, Sun W, Xia S, Wan S, Zhang H, Xing R, Ding J, Ren C. An overview on recent advances of reversible fluorescent probes and their biological applications. Talanta 2024; 268:125275. [PMID: 37839322 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the simplicity and low detection limit, fluorescent probes are widely used in both analytical sensing and optical imaging. Compared to conventional fluorescent probes, reversibility endows the reversible fluorescent probe outstanding advantages and special properties, making reversible fluorescent probes with capable of quantitative, repetitive or circulatory. Reversible fluorescent probes can also monitor the concentration dynamics of target analytes in real time, such as metal ions, proteins and enzymes, as well as intracellular redox processes, which have been widely applied in various fields. This review summarized the types and excellent properties of reversible fluorescent probes designed and developed in recent years. It also summarized the applications of reversible fluorescent probe in fluorescence imaging, biological testing, monitoring redox cycles, and proposed the remaining challenges and future development directions of the reversible fluorescent probe. This review provided comprehensive overview of reversible fluorescent probe, which may provide valuable references for the design and fabrication of the reversible fluorescent probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xuebin Cao
- China State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo315832, Zhejiang, China; Yantai Jinghai Marine Fisheries Co., LTD, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Yawen Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Xingyu Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Weina Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Shiyu Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Ronglian Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China.
| | - Jun Ding
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunguang Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, China.
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3
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Song D, Ding T, Zhai W, Shao L, Guo N, Jiang L, Zhang W, Zhao F, Wang J, Wang J, Ma J, Yan L. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of small molecule fluorescent probes targeting EGFR for tumor detection and treatment. Analyst 2023; 148:6325-6333. [PMID: 37947047 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01675g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that plays a crucial role in cell differentiation and tumor progression, and its overexpression is closely associated with the development and metastasis of multiple cancers. The development of a fluorescent probe capable of targeting EGFR while simultaneously integrating diagnostic and therapeutic functions could have a profound impact on the treatment of related cancers. In this study, we developed a series of EGFR-targeting probes that consisted of an environment-sensitive 1,8-naphthalimide fluorophore, a linker unit and a targeting unit (gefitinib), using a coupling strategy. The synthesized probes were first evaluated for their spectroscopic properties and cytotoxicities against different cell lines, which were selected based on their intrinsic EGFR expression levels. Remarkably, among the probes tested, GP1 showed outstanding environmental sensitivity and exhibited a specific response to tumor cells that overexpress EGFR. Furthermore, the representative probe GP1 was evaluated for its EGFR-specific targeting ability in live-cell fluorescence imaging and in vivo xenograft imaging, as well as its in vivo anti-tumor activity. The results showed that the probe GP1 had excellent EGFR-specific targeting ability, exhibited competitive replacement behavior towards the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib, and demonstrated potent anti-tumor effects in a CT-26 tumor-bearing mouse model. Overall, as a turn-on EGFR targeting fluorescent ligand, GP1 holds immense promise as a valuable tool for tumor detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depu Song
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Tengli Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Weibin Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Lulian Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Ning Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Fenqin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard medical school, 125 Nushua St, Boston, MA, 02149, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Lin Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
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4
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Zeng S, Liu X, Kafuti YS, Kim H, Wang J, Peng X, Li H, Yoon J. Fluorescent dyes based on rhodamine derivatives for bioimaging and therapeutics: recent progress, challenges, and prospects. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5607-5651. [PMID: 37485842 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00799a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Since their inception, rhodamine dyes have been extensively applied in biotechnology as fluorescent markers or for the detection of biomolecules owing to their good optical physical properties. Accordingly, they have emerged as a powerful tool for the visualization of living systems. In addition to fluorescence bioimaging, the molecular design of rhodamine derivatives with disease therapeutic functions (e.g., cancer and bacterial infection) has recently attracted increased research attention, which is significantly important for the construction of molecular libraries for diagnostic and therapeutic integration. However, reviews focusing on integrated design strategies for rhodamine dye-based diagnosis and treatment and their wide application in disease treatment are extremely rare. In this review, first, a brief history of the development of rhodamine fluorescent dyes, the transformation of rhodamine fluorescent dyes from bioimaging to disease therapy, and the concept of optics-based diagnosis and treatment integration and its significance to human development are presented. Next, a systematic review of several excellent rhodamine-based derivatives for bioimaging, as well as for disease diagnosis and treatment, is presented. Finally, the challenges in practical integration of rhodamine-based diagnostic and treatment dyes and the future outlook of clinical translation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaosheng Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yves S Kafuti
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Jingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian 116024, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Engineering for Gastrointestinal Carcinoma, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute), Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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5
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Recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent probes for diagnosis of cancer cells/tissues. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Bhuin S, Sharma P, Chakraborty P, Kulkarni OP, Chakravarty M. Solid-state emitting twisted π-conjugate as AIE-active DSE-gen: in vitro anticancer properties against FaDu and 4T1 with biocompatibility and bioimaging. J Mater Chem B 2022; 11:188-203. [PMID: 36477106 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02078e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dual-state emissive fluorogens (DSE-gens) are currently defining their importance as a transpiring tool in biological and biomedical applications. This work focuses on designing and synthesizing indole-anthracene-based solid-state emitting twisted π-conjugates using a metal-free protocol to achieve AIE-active DSE-gens, expanding their scope in biological applications. Special effort has been made to introduce proficient and photo/thermostable DSE-gens that inhibit cancer but not normal cells. Here, the lead DSE-gen initially detects cancer and normal cells by bioimaging; however, it could also confirm and distinguish cancer cells from normal cells by its abated fluorescence signal after killing cancer cells. In contrast, the fluorescence signals for a normal cell remain unscathed. Surprisingly, these molecules displayed decent anticancer properties against FaDu and 4T1 but not MCF-7 cell lines. From a series of newly designed indole-based molecules, we report one single 2,3,4-trimethoxybenzene-linked DSE-gen (the lead), exhibiting high ROS generation, less haemolysis, and less cytotoxicity than doxorubicin (DOX) for normal cells, crucial parameters for a biocompatible in vitro anticancer probe. Thus, we present a potentially applicable anticancer drug, offering a bioactive material with bioimaging efficacy and a way to detect dead cancer cells selectively. The primary mechanism behind the identified outcomes is deciphered with the support of experimental (steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence, biological assays, cellular uptake) and molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouvik Bhuin
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
| | - Pravesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Purbali Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Onkar Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Manab Chakravarty
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India.
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7
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The multifaceted roles of peptides in “always-on” near-infrared fluorescent probes for tumor imaging. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Deng H, Lei Q, Yang N, Dai S, Peng H, Yang K, Xiao Z, Wang D, Yu Z, Li N, Li W. Expanded Application of a Photoaffinity Probe to Study Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase with Functional Activity. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10118-10126. [PMID: 35729862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is strongly associated with cancer invasion and metastasis. Tools and methods are required to study and visualize EGFR activation under (patho)physiological conditions. Here, we report the development of a two-step photoaffinity probe (HX101) by incorporation of a diazirine as a photoreactive group and an alkyne as a ligation handle to quantitively study EGFR kinase activity in native cellular contexts and human tissue slices. HX101 is a multifunctional probe based on the pharmacophore of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) and can covalently target the EGFR upon photoactivation. The incorporated alkyne serves as a versatile ligation handle and enables HX101 to introduce distinct reporter groups (e.g., fluorophore and biotin) via click chemistry. With variable reporter tags, HX101 enables visualization and target engagement studies of the active EGFR in a panel of cancer cells using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, as a proof of concept study, we applied HX101 in stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy super-resolution imaging to study EGFR activation in live cells. Importantly, HX101 was also applied to visualize EGFR mutant activity in tumor tissues from lung cancer patients for prediction of EGFR-TKI sensitivity. Altogether, our results demonstrate the wide application of a selective photoaffinity probe in multi-modal assessment/visualization of EGFR activity in both live cells and tissue slices. We anticipate that these diverse applications can facilitate the translation of a strategically functionalized probe into medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Shengkun Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Huipai Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhaolin Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Dongpeng Wang
- Biological Science Instruments Division, Nikon Instruments (Shanghai), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhiyi Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Nan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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9
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Chemical Probes and Activity-Based Protein Profiling for Cancer Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115936. [PMID: 35682614 PMCID: PMC9180054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical probes can be used to understand the complex biological nature of diseases. Due to the diversity of cancer types and dynamic regulatory pathways involved in the disease, there is a need to identify signaling pathways and associated proteins or enzymes that are traceable or detectable in tests for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Currently, fluorogenic chemical probes are widely used to detect cancer-associated proteins and their binding partners. These probes are also applicable in photodynamic therapy to determine drug efficacy and monitor regulating factors. In this review, we discuss the synthesis of chemical probes for different cancer types from 2016 to the present time and their application in monitoring the activity of transferases, hydrolases, deacetylases, oxidoreductases, and immune cells. Moreover, we elaborate on their potential roles in photodynamic therapy.
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10
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Deng H, Lei Q, Shang W, Li Y, Bi L, Yang N, Yu Z, Li W. Potential applications of clickable probes in EGFR activity visualization and prediction of EGFR-TKI therapy response for NSCLC patients. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114100. [PMID: 35007861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) is abnormally overexpressed on the cell surface of cancer cells and is strongly associated with cancer cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Tools enabling the visualization of EGFR in a structure-function approach are highly desirable to predict EGFR mutations and guide EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment making. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and application of new, potent and selective clickable probes 13 (HX03), 20 (HX04) and 24 (HX05) by introducing an alkyne ligation handle to visualize EGFR activity in living cancer cells and tissue slices. These clickable probes are versatile chemical tools based on the key pharmacophore (4-anilinoquinazoline) of EGFR-TKIs (e.g., canertinib, dacomitinib and afatinib) and are able to irreversibly target the kinase domain of EGFR. Among them, 13 exhibits the highest reactivity towards EGFR kinase, particularly to EGFR kinase with primary mutations. Using activity-based protein profiling strategy, 13 showed high sensitivity and selectivity in labeling of endogenous EGFR in a native cellular context. Moreover, 13 was applied to visualize EGFR mutant activity in tumour tissues from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenograft mouse models, and patients with NSCLC for the prediction of EGFR-TKI sensitivity. These results demonstrate that strategically designed EGFR-TKI-based probes allow discriminating EGFR mutations in human tissues and hold promise as useful diagnostic tools in predicting EGFR-TKI therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weidong Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liyun Bi
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyi Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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11
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Wang LX, Wang ZH, Sun XL, Zi CT, Wang XJ, Sheng J. Discovery of EGFR-Targeted Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes for Cell Imaging and Efficient Tumor Detection. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Gamage R, Li DH, Schreiber CL, Smith BD. Comparison of cRGDfK Peptide Probes with Appended Shielded Heptamethine Cyanine Dye ( s775z) for Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30130-30139. [PMID: 34778684 PMCID: PMC8582267 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that the sterically shielded near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent heptamethine cyanine dye, s775z, with a reactive carboxyl group produces fluorescent bioconjugates with an unsurpassed combination of high photostability and fluorescence brightness. This present contribution reports two new reactive homologues of s775z with either a maleimide group for reaction with a thiol or a strained alkyne group for reaction with an azide. Three cancer-targeting NIR fluorescent probes were synthesized, each with an appended cRGDfK peptide to provide selective affinity for integrin receptors that are overexpressed on the surface of many cancer cells including the A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells used in this study. A set of cancer cell microscopy and mouse tumor imaging experiments showed that all three probes were very effective at targeting cancer cells and tumors; however, the change in the linker structure produced a statistically significant difference in some aspects of the mouse biodistribution. The mouse studies included a mock surgical procedure that excised the subcutaneous tumors. A paired-agent fluorescence imaging experiment co-injected a binary mixture of targeted probe with 850 nm emission, an untargeted probe with 710 nm emission and determined the targeted probe's binding potential in the tumor tissue. A comparison of pixelated maps of binding potential for each excised tumor indicated a tumor-to-tumor variation of integrin expression levels, and a heterogeneous spatial distribution of integrin receptors within each tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rananjaya
S. Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Dong-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Cynthia L. Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Bradley D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
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Abstract
Fluorescent dyes attached to kinase inhibitors (KIs) can be used to probe kinases in vitro, in cells, and in vivo. Ideal characteristics of the dyes vary with their intended applications. Fluorophores used in vitro may inform on kinase active site environments, hence the dyes used should be small and have minimal impact on modes of binding. These probes may have short wavelength emissions since blue fluorophores are perfectly adequate in this context. Thus, for instance, KI fragments that mimic nucleobases may be modified to be fluorescent with minimal perturbation to the kinase inhibitor structure. However, progressively larger dyes, that emit at longer wavelengths, are required for cellular and in vivo work. In cells, it is necessary to have emissions above autofluorescence of biomolecules, and near infrared dyes are needed to enable excitation and observation through tissue in vivo. This review is organized to describe probes intended for applications in vitro, in cells, then in vivo. The readers will observe that the probes featured tend to become larger and responsive to the near infared end of the spectrum as the review progresses. Readers may also be surprised to realize that relatively few dyes have been used for fluorophore-kinase inhibitor conjugates, and the area is open for innovations in the types of fluorophores used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
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14
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Molecular Targeting of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041076. [PMID: 33670650 PMCID: PMC7922143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) are two extensively studied membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase proteins that are frequently overexpressed in many cancers. As a result, these receptor families constitute attractive targets for imaging and therapeutic applications in the detection and treatment of cancer. This review explores the dynamic structure and structure-function relationships of these two growth factor receptors and their significance as it relates to theranostics of cancer, followed by some of the common inhibition modalities frequently employed to target EGFR and VEGFR, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), antibodies, nanobodies, and peptides. A summary of the recent advances in molecular imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and optical imaging (OI), and in particular, near-IR fluorescence imaging using tetrapyrrolic-based fluorophores, concludes this review.
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15
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Yue X, Dai Z. Cyanine Conjugate-Based Biomedical Imaging Probes. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001327. [PMID: 33000915 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyanine is a class of fluorescent dye with meritorious fluorescence properties and has motivated numerous researchers to explore its imaging capabilities by miscellaneous structural modification and functionalization strategies. The covalent conjugation with other functional molecules represents a distinctive design strategy and has shown immense potential in both basic and clinical research. This review article summarizes recent achievements in cyanine conjugate-based probes for biomedical imaging. Particular attention is paid to the conjugation with targeting warheads and other contrast agents for targeted fluorescence imaging and multimodal imaging, respectively. Additionally, their clinical potential in cancer diagnostics is highlighted and some concurrent impediments for clinical translation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiuli Yue
- School of Environment Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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16
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Liu J, Cao C. Evaluation of a GSH-targeting prodrug via a sulfonamide-induced "integrative" platform for selective cancer therapy. Analyst 2020; 145:4901-4905. [PMID: 32478783 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A sulfonamide-appended gemcitabine prodrug was newly produced. The prodrug was shown to efficiently distinguish GSH from cysteine and homocysteine. Upon reaction of this prodrug with GSH, which is relatively abundant in tumor cells, sulfonyl group cleavage occurred as well as active release of the drug GMC and a concomitant increase in the innate fluorescence intensity. As a proof of concept, colocalization experiments were carried out; these experiments demonstrated that the probe LHX resulted in, via receptor-mediated endocytosis, significantly improved therapeutic efficacy and few side effects. Thus, these results indicated the theranostic agent to be a promising "integrative" platform for efficient cancer therapy. The agent can be activated in real time, and not only be selectively monitored and localized by specific tumour cells, but also undergo cascaded cleavage to induce both a fluorogenic response and release of an active cytotoxic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye City 734000, Gansu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Cao
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye City 734000, Gansu Province, P. R. China.
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17
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Lv JJ, Song WT, Li XM, Gao JM, Yuan ZL. Synthesis of a New Phenyl Chlormethine-Quinazoline Derivative, a Potential Anti-Cancer Agent, Induced Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Mediating Sirt1/Caspase 3 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:911. [PMID: 32670058 PMCID: PMC7332554 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinazoline derivatives display multiple pharmacological activities and target various biological receptors. Based on the skeleton of quinazoline core, we designed and synthesized three new quinazoline-phenyl chlormethine conjugates (I–III) bearing a Schiff base (C = N) linker, and investigated their anti-tumor effects on HepG2-xenografted tumor and human cancer cell line HepG2. Among these compounds, compound II showed better inhibitory effect against HepG2 cells. In the present study, TUNEL staining, western blot, molecular docking, and siRNA were used to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of compound II towards hepatoma. Compound II inhibited HepG2-xenografted tumor growth in nude mice. Moreover, Compound II not only up-regulated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and active-caspase 3 level, but also down-regulated Sirt1 expression and its activity, as well as PGC-1α expression. Furthermore, compound II also significantly suppressed the promotion of HepG2 cell proliferation, as evidenced by MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Of note, the cytotoxicity of Compound II on HepG2 cells mainly via regulating Sirt1/caspase 3 signaling pathway, consisting with the results in vivo. Intriguingly, z-DEVD-FMK, a caspase 3 inhibitor, almost abolished the inhibitory effects of compound II. Of note, knockdown of caspase 3 by siRNA significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of compound II on HepG2. Interestingly, compound II directly bonded to Sirt1, indicating that Sirt1 might be a promising therapeutic target of compound II. In summary, our findings reveal that compound II, a new synthetical phenyl chlormethine-quinazoline derivative, contributes to the apoptosis of HepG2 cells both in vivo and in vitro through mediating Sirt1/caspase 3 singling pathway. These findings demonstrate that compound II may be a new potent agent against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wen-Ting Song
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jian-Mei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ze-Li Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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18
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Quicker, deeper and stronger imaging: A review of tumor-targeted, near-infrared fluorescent dyes for fluorescence guided surgery in the preclinical and clinical stages. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:123-143. [PMID: 32437752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a public health problem and the main cause of human mortality and morbidity worldwide. Complete removal of tumors and metastatic lymph nodes in surgery is significantly beneficial for the prognosis of patients. Tumor-targeted, near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging is an emerging field of real-time intraoperative cancer imaging based on tumor-targeted NIRF dyes. Targeted NIRF dyes contain NIRF fluorophores and specific binding ligands such as antibodies, peptides and small molecules. The present article reviews recently updated tumor-targeted NIRF dyes for the molecular imaging of malignant tumors in the preclinical stage and clinical trials. The strengths and challenges of NIRF agents with tumor-targeting ability are also summarized. Smaller ligands, near infrared II dyes, dual-modality dyes and activatable dyes may contribute to quicker, deeper, stronger imaging in the nearest future. In this review, we highlighted tumor-targeted NIRF dyes for fluorescence-guided surgery and their potential clinical translation.
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