1
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Saczuk K, Dudek M, Matczyszyn K, Deiana M. Advancements in molecular disassembly of optical probes: a paradigm shift in sensing, bioimaging, and therapeutics. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38963132 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The majority of self-assembled fluorescent dyes suffer from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), which detrimentally affects their diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness. While aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active dyes offer a promising solution to overcome this limitation, they may face significant challenges as the intracellular environment often prevents aggregation, leading to disassembly and posing challenges for AIE fluorogens. Recent progress in signal amplification through the disassembly of ACQ dyes has opened new avenues for creating ultrasensitive optical sensors and enhancing phototherapeutic outcomes. These advances are well-aligned with cutting-edge technologies such as single-molecule microscopy and targeted molecular therapies. This work explores the concept of disaggregation-induced emission (DIE), showcasing the revolutionary capabilities of DIE-based dyes from their design to their application in sensing, bioimaging, disease monitoring, and treatment in both cellular and animal models. Our objective is to provide an in-depth comparison of aggregation versus disaggregation mechanisms, aiming to stimulate further advancements in the design and utilization of ACQ fluorescent dyes through DIE technology. This initiative is poised to catalyze scientific progress across a broad spectrum of disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Saczuk
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marta Dudek
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM(2)), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Marco Deiana
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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2
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Faikhruea K, Supabowornsathit K, Angsujinda K, Aonbangkhen C, Chaikeeratisak V, Palaga T, Assavalapsakul W, Wagenknecht HA, Vilaivan T. Nucleic Acid-Templated Synthesis of Cationic Styryl Dyes in Vitro and in Living Cells. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400913. [PMID: 38563862 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A novel method for synthesizing cationic styryl dyes through a nucleic acid-templated reaction has been developed. This approach overcomes issues associated with traditional synthesis methods, such as harsh conditions, low throughput, and wasteful chemicals. The presence of a nucleic acid template accelerated the styryl dye formation from quaternized heteroaromatic and cationic aldehyde substrates. These styryl dyes show remarkable optical properties change when bound to nucleic acids, hence the success of the synthesis could be readily monitored in situ by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and the optical properties data were also observable at the same time. This method provides the desired products from a broad range of coupling partners. By employing different substrates and templates, it is possible to identify new dyes that can bind to a specific type of nucleic acid such as a G-quadruplex. The templated dye synthesis is also successfully demonstrated in live HeLa cells. This approach is a powerful tool for the rapid synthesis and screening of dyes specific for diverse types of nucleic acids or cellular organelles, facilitating new biological discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriangsak Faikhruea
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit (OSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kotchakorn Supabowornsathit
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit (OSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kitipong Angsujinda
- Aquatic Resources Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanat Aonbangkhen
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry (CENP), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Vorrapon Chaikeeratisak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tirayut Vilaivan
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit (OSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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3
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M M, Patidar RK, Tiwari R, Srivastava N, Ranjan N. Nile Blue: A Red-Emissive Fluorescent Dye That Displays Differential Self-Assembly and Binding to G-Quadruplexes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9915-9925. [PMID: 37956021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Nile Blue (NB) is a red-emissive dye that is well-known for imaging and staining applications. In this work, we describe the interaction of NB with various types of G-quadruplexes belonging to different topologies, molecularities, and conformations. Using spectroscopic techniques, we have determined the preferential binding of NB to c-Myc G-quadruplex and the other aspects of its binding. Concentration- and temperature-dependent studies showed that NB exists in a dynamic equilibrium between monomeric and H-aggregated states, which could be modulated by the addition of external agents such as anionic surfactants. NB displayed differential self-assembly with different types of G-quadruplex and duplex DNAs modulating its dynamic equilibrium between the monomeric and H-aggregated states. Fluorescence-based displacement studies revealed a 1:1 binding stoichiometry upon interaction with c-Myc G-quadruplex and an association constant of Kapp = 6.7 × 106 M-1. Circular dichroism studies indicated that NB does not cause changes in the overall conformation of either G-quadruplexes or duplexes; however, it does indicate nucleic acid-dependent self-assembly at higher concentrations. Heat capacity measurement showed a more negative change when compared to that in DNA duplex, indicating more burial of the polar surface area by NB to the G-quadruplex host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midhun M
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Patidar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnesh Tiwari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Zhao L, Ahmed F, Zeng Y, Xu W, Xiong H. Recent Developments in G-Quadruplex Binding Ligands and Specific Beacons on Smart Fluorescent Sensor for Targeting Metal Ions and Biological Analytes. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2833-2856. [PMID: 36112358 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The G-quadruplex structure is crucial in several biological processes, including DNA replication, transcription, and genomic maintenance. G-quadruplex-based fluorescent probes have recently gained popularity because of their ease of use, low cost, excellent selectivity, and sensitivity. This review summarizes the latest applications of G-quadruplex structures as detectors of genome-wide, enantioselective catalysts, disease therapeutics, promising drug targets, and smart fluorescence probes. In every section, sensing of G-quadruplex and employing G4 for the detection of other analytes were introduced, respectively. Since the discovery of the G-quadruplex structure, several studies have been conducted to investigate its conformations, biological potential, stability, reactivity, selectivity for chemical modification, and optical properties. The formation mechanism and advancements for detecting different metal ions (Na+, K+, Ag+, Tl+, Cu+/Cu2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+) and biomolecules (AMP, ATP, DNA/RNA, microRNA, thrombin, T4 PNK, RNase H, ALP, CEA, lipocalin 1, and UDG) using fluorescent sensors based on G-quadruplex modification, such as dye labels, artificial nucleobase moieties, dye complexes, intercalating dyes, and bioconjugated nanomaterials (AgNCs, GO, QDs, CDs, and MOF) is described herein. To investigate these extremely efficient responsive agents for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in medicine, fluorescence sensors based on G-quadruplexes have also been employed as a quantitative visualization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yating Zeng
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Hai Xiong
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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5
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Zonjić I, Radić Stojković M, Crnolatac I, Tomašić Paić A, Pšeničnik S, Vasilev A, Kandinska M, Mondeshki M, Baluschev S, Landfester K, Glavaš-Obrovac L, Jukić M, Kralj J, Brozovic A, Horvat L, Tumir LM. Styryl dyes with N-Methylpiperazine and N-Phenylpiperazine Functionality: AT-DNA and G-quadruplex binding ligands and theranostic agents. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105999. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Kang Y, Wei C. Crescent‐shaped carbazole derivatives as light‐up fluorescence probes for G‐quadruplex DNA and live cell imaging. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202101030. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Kang
- Shanxi University Institute of Molecular Science 92 Wucheng Road Taiyuan CHINA
| | - Chunying Wei
- Shanxi University Institute of Molecular Science No.92 Road Wucheng 030006 Taiyuan CHINA
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7
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Yan C, Chang Y, Gao H, Zhang Q, Peng S, Wang D, Zhou X, Shao Y. G-quadruplex apurinic site-programmed chiral cyanine assemblies for specifically recognizing guanosine and guanine. Analyst 2021; 146:5866-5872. [PMID: 34570847 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01110c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA-tuned dye assemblies have received considerable attention toward developing various devices. Owing to easy conformation implementation, G-quadruplexes (G4s) have been extensively used as initiators to grow dye assemblies with controllable chiralities. However, programmed chirality regulation of dye assemblies for a given G4 sequence has not been realized in a straightforward manner. In this work, we replaced a middle guanine in the G-tracts of a human telomeric G4 with an apurinic site (AP site) to meet the programmed dye assemblies. Although all of the AP site replacements altered the G4 conformation from the hybrid to the antiparallel folding, the handedness of pinacyanol (PIN) assemblies grown on the AP site-containing G4 was programmably regulated. The G4 with the AP site at the 5'-most G-tract grew right-handed assemblies, while that with the AP site at the 3'-most G-tract grew left-handed assemblies. The handedness of assemblies almost totally mirrored each other within 450-700 nm. Interestingly, we found that the AP site provided a specific binding site for guanosine and guanine, and this binding event sensitively broke the chiral assemblies. Thus, dye assembly-based sensors can be easily established based on the chiral responses with a high selectivity and sensitivity. Our work first demonstrates the AP site programmed chirality regulation of G4-grown dye assemblies and will find wide application in chiral devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yun Chang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Heng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shuzhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoshun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Bhaumik SK, Banerjee S. Highly sensitive and ratiometric luminescence sensing of heparin through templated cyanostilbene assemblies. Analyst 2021; 146:2194-2202. [PMID: 33587729 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01808b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of organic dyes on bio-molecular templates is an attractive strategy for the creation of bio-materials with intriguing optical properties. This principle is exploited here for the detection of polyanion heparin, a known anticoagulant, by employing di-cationic cyanostilbene derivatives with inherent aggregation induced emission (AIE) features. The cyanostilbene derivatives exhibited weak cyan-blue monomeric emissions in solutions but upon electrostatic co-assembly with heparin, formed highly luminescent clusters on the polyanion surface. The cyanostilbene chromophores in the clusters exhibited greenish-yellow excimer emissions with remarkably longer life-times (up to 70-fold) and higher quantum yields (up to 85-fold) compared to their aqueous solutions. This led to heparin detection in aqueous buffer in low nanomolar concentrations. Additionally, and more importantly, a ratiometric detection of heparin was achieved in highly competitive media such as 50% human serum and 60% human plasma in medically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Kanti Bhaumik
- The Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, Nadia, India.
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9
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Liu S, Bu L, Zhang Y, Yan J, Li L, Li G, Song Z, Huang J. Subtle Structural Changes of Dyes Lead to Distinctly Different Fluorescent Behaviors in Cellular Context: The Role of G-Quadruplex DNA Interaction Using Coumarin-Quinazolinone Conjugates as a Case Study. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5267-5276. [PMID: 33724782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorogenic organic materials have gained tremendous attention due to their unique properties. However, only a few of them are suitable for bioimaging. Their different behaviors in organic and cellular environments hinder their application in bioimaging. Thus understanding the photoluminescent behaviors of organic materials in a cellular context is particularly important for their rational design. Herein, we describe two coumarin-quinazolinone conjugates: CQ and MeCQ. The high structure similarity makes them possess similar physical and photophysical properties, including bright fluorescence ascribed to the monomer forms in organic solvents and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect due to self-assembly aggregation in aqueous solution. However, they behave quite differently in cellular context: that is, CQ exhibits bright fluorescence in living cells, while the fluorescence of MeCQ is almost undetectable. The different performance between CQ and MeCQ in living cells is attributed to their different scenario in G-quadruplex (G4) DNA interaction. CQ selectively binds with G4 DNA to recover its fluorescence via aggregation-disaggregation switching in living cells, while MeCQ remained in the aggregate form due to its poor interplay with G4 DNA. Furthermore, CQ is applied as a two-photon fluorescent dye, and its photoswitchable fluorescence capability is exploited for super-resolution imaging of the specific mitochondrial structure in living cells via the STORM technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lingli Bu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jiangyu Yan
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Guorui Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
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10
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Yan C, Zhang Q, Gao H, Zheng X, Yang T, Zheng G, Zhou X, Shao Y. Concurrent formation of H- and J-aggregates of dyes with chiralities individually determined by G-quadruplex handedness. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119270. [PMID: 33310273 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA templated dye assemblies pave an easy way to regulate the optical properties of molecular aggregates. G-quadruplexes (G4s) provide versatile DNA platforms for the dye assemblies since their foldings can be easily tuned by cation ions and sequences. In this work, we found that the G4 handedness can be used to control the aggregate chirality of a dye of 3,3'-diethylthiacarbocyanine (DiSC2(3)). The left-handed and right-handed G4s can template the concurrent formation of the J- and H-aggregates of DiSC2(3) with emergence of the featured absorption spectra. However, the chiral J-aggregate of DiSC2(3) can be formed only on the left-handed G4s, while the chiral H-aggregate is otherwise grown only on the right-handed G4s, as confirmed by the induced circular dichroism (ICD) spectra with the characteristic splitting bands. Additionally, these G4s even at tens of nM level are efficient to produce these chiral aggregates, demonstrating the high sensitivity of G4s in creating these optically active dye assemblies. The possible growth sites of the aggregates are proposed by the sequence length-dependent assemblies. Our work will provide a new way to control the chiral assemblies of dye aggregates via the G4 handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoxiang Zheng
- Undergraduate Teaching Department, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoshun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Guan L, Zhao J, Sun W, Deng W, Wang L. Meso-Substituted Thiazole Orange for Selective Fluorescence Detection to G-Quadruplex DNA and Molecular Docking Simulation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26056-26062. [PMID: 33073132 PMCID: PMC7557940 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The cyanine dye thiazole orange (TO, including 2TO and 4TO) is widely used as a light-up fluorescent probe upon binding to almost all forms of DNA, but it exhibits poor selectivity for recognizing G-quadruplex DNA (G-DNA), which has significant biological functions in biological processes and therapeutic applications. Here, introducing benzyl substituent to the meso position of the methine chain of 2TO is expected to selectively recognize G-DNA. The spectroscopic titrations reveal that modified 2TO (meso-Bn-2TO) has almost no background fluorescence in solution and shows a preference to bind with G-DNA over ssDNA, dsDNA, and ct-DNA. Specifically, meso-Bn-2TO 1a displays a strong fluorescent signal upon interaction with G-DNA and a very weak fluorescent signal upon interaction with ssDNA, dsDNA, and ct-DNA, displaying considerable selectivity for G-DNA. However, parent 2TO all gives a fluorescent signal in G-DNA, dsDNA, and ct-DNA. The fluorescence intensity of 1a increases nearly 80-162 times when bound with different G-DNA. The binding constants of 1a and 2TO to G-DNA htg22 are 3.16 and 1.52 μM, respectively. Molecular docking study of 1a and 2TO with different DNA reveals that introducing benzyl substituent to the meso position methine chain of 2TO alters the planarity of the chromophore, thus enhancing the interactions with G-DNA and weakening the interactions with duplex DNA and therefore realizing selective detection to G-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an
University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, P. R. China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry
of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry
of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Deng
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry
of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Lanying Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry
of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
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12
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Deiana M, Chand K, Jamroskovic J, Das RN, Obi I, Chorell E, Sabouri N. A site-specific self-assembled light-up rotor probe for selective recognition and stabilization of c-MYC G-quadruplex DNA. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12950-12957. [PMID: 32525170 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03404e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Direct and unambiguous evidence of the formation of G-quadruplexes (G4s) in human cells have shown their implication in several key biological events and has emphasized their role as important targets for small-molecule cancer therapeutics. Here, we report on the first example of a self-assembled molecular-rotor G4-binder able to discriminate between an extensive panel of G4 and non-G4 structures and to selectively light-up (up to 64-fold), bind (nanomolar range), and stabilize the c-MYC promoter G4 DNA. In particular, association with the c-MYC G4 triggers the disassembly of its supramolecular state (disaggregation-induced emission, DIE) and induces geometrical restrictions (motion-induced change in emission, MICE) leading to a significant enhancement of its emission yield. Moreover, this optical reporter is able to selectively stabilize the c-MYC G4 and inhibit DNA synthesis. Finally, by using confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) we show the ability of this compound to localize primarily in the subnuclear G4-rich compartments of cancer cells. This work provides a benchmark for the future design and development of a new generation of smart sequence-selective supramolecular G4-binders that combine outstanding sensing and stability properties, to be utilized in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Deiana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Karam Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jan Jamroskovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Ikenna Obi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Erik Chorell
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Nasim Sabouri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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Disassembly of Dimeric Cyanine Dye Supramolecular Assembly by Tetramolecular G-quadruplex Dependence on Linker Length and Layers of G-quartet. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24102015. [PMID: 31137776 PMCID: PMC6571858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanine dyes have been widely applied in various biological systems owing to their specific photochemical properties. Assembly and disassembly process of cyanine dyes were constructed and regulated by special biomolecules. In this paper, dimeric cyanine dyes with different repeat units (oligo-oxyethylene) in linker (TC-Pn) (n = 3-6) were found to form H-aggregates or mixture aggregates in PBS. These aggregates could be disassembled into dimer and/or monomer by (TGnT) tetramolecular G-quadruplexes (n = 3-6, 8), which were affected by the linker length of dimeric cyanine dyes and layers of G-quartets. The 1H-NMR titration results suggest that the binding mode of dimeric cyanine dye with TGnT might be on both ends-stacking like a clip. This binding mode could clearly explain that matching structures between dimeric cyanine dyes and TGnT quadruplexes could regulate the disassembly properties of aggregates. These results could provide clues for the development of highly specific G-quadruplex probes.
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